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The growth of Li1+xMn2O4 via detonation reaction was investigated with respect to the presence of energetic precursors, such as the metallic nitrates and the degree of confinement of the explosive charge. The detonation products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Powder X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the products. Li1+xMn2O4 with 1 ∼ 2μm spherical morphology and more uniform secondary particles, but with smaller primary particles of diameters from 20 to 60 nm and a variety of morphologies were found. The oxides produced by this cheap method affirmed the validity of detonation synthesis of nano-size powders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoproducts spherical spinel lithium manganese oxide (LiMnO) with about 20 nm in diameter was synthesized by explosive method. The growth of lithium manganate via detonation reaction was investigated with respect to the presence of an energetic precursor, such as the metallic nitrate and the degree of confinement of the explosive charge. The detonation products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Powder X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the products. Lithium manganate with spherical morphology and more uniform secondary particles, with smaller primary particles of diameters from 10 to 30 nm and a variety of morphologies were found. Lithium manganate with a fine spherical morphology different from that of the normal spinel is formed after detonation wave treatment due to the very high quenching rate. It might also provide a cheap large-scale synthesis method. Explosive detonation is strongly nonequilibrium processes, generating a short duration of high pressure and high temperature. Free metal atoms are first released with the decomposition of explosives, and then theses metal and oxygen atoms are rearranged, coagulated and finally crystallized into lithium manganate during the expansion of detonation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]