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Objective To describe a live birth obtained in Italy after autologous orthotopic transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian cortical tissue. Design Case report. Setting University department of gynecology and obstetrics, reproductive medicine and IVF unit. Patient(s) A 29-year-old patient affected by β-thalassemia (intermedia phenotype) who underwent chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation at age 21 years, resulting in a complete precocious ovarian failure. Intervention(s) Before being treated with chemotherapy (busulfan, cyclophosphamide, and cyclosporine) for bone marrow transplantation, the patient underwent laparoscopic sampling of ovarian cortical tissue that was frozen and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. Eight years later, the ovarian tissue was thawed and grafted during laparoscopy at an orthotopic site. Main Outcome Measure(s) Ultrasound and endocrine monitoring of the postgrafting restoration of ovarian function; conception, pregnancy, and live birth. Result(s) Three months after grafting, the decrease of circulating FSH levels and the parallel increase of E 2 levels demonstrated ovarian function restoration, which was confirmed by bidimensional ultrasound and color Doppler examinations. After some ovulatory cycles, the patient spontaneously conceived 16 months after transplantation. After 39 weeks of uneventful gestation, a healthy girl weighing 3,970 g was born. Conclusion(s) Autologous grafting of cryopreserved ovarian cortex at an orthotopic site may allow ovarian function restoration, spontaneous conception, and birth of a healthy baby.

The role of laparoscopy as the gold standard for the diagnosis of pelvic endometriosis is questioned. An accurate histologic analysis fails to confirm the presence of endometriosis in a substantial proportion of patients diagnosed at laparoscopy.