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Mordants are materials used to fix long periods of colour on selected fabrics or fibres. The current research aimed to dye natural fibres like palm leaf (Borassus flabellifer L.), korai grass (Cyperus pangorei L.), banana fibre (Musa accuminata L.), screw fine fibre (Pandanus), sisal fibre (Agave sisalana Perrine), and pineapple fibres (Ananas comosus L.) with Calendula officinalis plant flower dye. The dye was fixed to the selected fibre material with the help of different mordants. The Calendula officinalis flower dye produced different colours, like black, brown, orange, sandal, yellow, etc., on the dyed materials. The different colour formations on the dyed materials are based on the mordents used to fix the dye. The mordants tonify the different colours in the same dyestuff of Calendula officinalis flower dye. Mordant-based dyed natural fibres have good fastness properties against light and water. Calendula officinalis dyes have potential activity against the skin infection-causing organism Pseudomonas aeruginosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on a melt-spinning process of glycol-modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) PETG and regranulate of PETG. The effect of the processing temperature and winding reel velocity on the diameters of fibres was examined. It was observed with a scanning electron microscope that the surface of fibres produced from recycled PETG are thicker but smoother than fibres made of fresh PETG. Applying a higher drawing velocity helped to decrease the diameters, which were between 75-150 μm. Under static deformation, fibres showed different behaviour, with higher flexibility and lower strength observed for fibres made of PETG regranulate. Both types of fibre were chopped and added to carbon fibre reinforced polymers as interlayers to investigate their effect on mechanical properties. It was found that the flexural strength decreased in the presence of PETG fibres, while interlaminar shear strength improved, but only in the case of fresh PETG fibres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This publication is a review of the work directed or inspired by the late Professor Andrzej Włochowicz in comparison to the current state of knowledge, and developed by his colleagues as an expression of memory and recognition of the contribution that he made to research on the strength of linear textile products. The article describes issues related to the fatigue strength of yarns. An analysis of literature related to the development of research on fatigue strength was carried out, and quantities describing load cycles and selected cases of periodically variable states of loads are presented. The article attempts to systematise certain problems related to the fatigue of textile materials. The body of the article presents the state of knowledge as well as the manner and the methods of assessment of the fatigue strength of textile materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PLA fibres with the addition of the microbicidal agent Sanitized were examined by the two quantitative standards JIS L 1902:2002 and ASTM: E2149-01. It was found that the two different methods used to assess the antibacterial activity of one sample may produce results that contrast with each other. The impact of the testing conditions upon the results obtained was deliberated. Discussed are criteria to interpret the results obtained by the use of the two methods. The antibacterial activity of lactic acid liberated from PLA in an aqueous medium was confirmed. It was also examined how the laundering of fibers affect the antibacterial activity of the samples tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This work presents an investigation of the dynamic Young's modulus for fibres of varied thickness performed on an Impulse Mechanical Spectrometer (IMS) and Dynamic Mechanical Analyser (DMA). The IMS was designed and built by the authors and the DMA instrument was produced by TA Instrument Co (USA). Because different methods are applied for determination of the dynamic Young's modulus it was necessary to perform a comparison analysis of the results received from the IMS and DMA, which are currently the most frequently used testers. This analysis shows that an IMS can be used when a DMA cannot be applied. The parameter set comprising the dynamic Young's modulus for longitudinal vibrations can find application in material engineering in industry. The DMA method does not require the application of mathematical formulas to determine Young's modulus but requires calibration as apposed to IMS. Measurements of the elasticity modulus were carried out under automatically stabilised climatic conditions. The compliance of the results obtained allows us to evaluate positively the performance of the Impulse Mechanical Spectrometer. Comparison of the results makes it possible to determine the measuring possibilities of the DMA and IMS and show the advantages of IMS over DMA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the spinning of polypropylene (PP)/montmorillonite (MMT) composites, as well as the structure and selected mechanical properties of composite fibres are presented. In the experimental work the commercially available organically modified montmorillonites Cloisite 15A (C15A) and Cloisite 30B (C30B) were used. The organoclays were incorporated into the matrix of PP fibres in the form of concentrated PP/organoclay dispersion before spinning. The rheological properties of concentrated PP and PP/organoclay dispersion were investigated to estimate the melt mixing of these components and spinning conditions. A positive effect of both organoclays on the geometrical and structural non-uniformity of PP composite fibres was found. MMT acts as a nucleating agent in PP and can affect the crystallisation rate and supermolecular structure of PP fibres. PP composite fibres formed at a maximum draw ratio showed a higher tensile strength (tenacity) and Young's modulus in comparison with unmodified fibres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work was dedicated to the investigation of the influence of the effect of carbon nanotubes on the porous and supramolecular structure of precursor polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibres. A relationship was found between the structure of the fibers produced in a two-stage and three-stage drawing process and the strength properties of those fibres. The structural parameters and properties of PAN fibres modified with carbon nanotubes were compared with corresponding values for the fibres without nanoadditives. It was found that the introduction of carbon nanotubes into the material of PAN fibres increases their deformability at successive stages of drawing to a degree depending on the type of nanotube. This was the main reason for their higher strength properties in comparison with the fibres without a nanoadditive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low temperature plasma (LTP) treatment was applied to wool fabric with the use of a non-polymerising gas, namely oxygen. After the LTP treatment, the fabric mechanical properties, including low-stress mechanical properties, air permeability and thermal properties were evaluated. The low-stress mechanical properties were evaluated by means of the Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabric (KES-F), revealing that the tensile, shearing, bending, compression and surface properties were altered after the LTP treatment. The changes in these properties are believed to be closely related to the inter-fibre and inter-yarn frictional force induced by the LTR The decrease in the air permeability of the LTP-treated wool fabric was found to be probably due to the plasma action effect on the increase in the fabric thickness and a change in the morphology of the fabric surface, which was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy micrographs. The change in the thermal properties of the LTP-treated wool fabric was in good agreement with the above findings and can be attributed to the amount of air trapped between the yarns and fibres. This study suggested that LTP treatment can influence the final properties of wool fabric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the influence of the ultrasound disintegration of montmorillonite (MMT) nanoadditions before inserting them into the spinning solution on the structure and properties of fibres spun from a polyacrylonitril (PAN) nanocomposite. The supermolecular structure, the porosity, and the tenacity were characterised, and the distribution of the nanoaddition on the fibre surface was evaluated. The fibres were formed under conditions related to those for manufacturing fibres with a high tensile strength, and alternatively under conditions appropriate for obtaining fibres with increased porosity, but with tensile strength at a level which would enable their further processing by carbonisation in order to obtain carbon fibres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of the molecular structure of polyvinyl alcohol, including the degree of polymerisation and the degree of alcoholysis, on the adhesion of PVA to pure polyester, pure cotton, and polyester/cotton-blend fibres were investigated by using a method on impregnated roving. The adhesion is evaluated in terms of the maximum strength and work-to-break of the rovings. It was found that the molecular structure has evident influence on the adhesion. No matter what type of tested fibre was used as substrates, the adhesion increased with the increase in the degree of polymerisation. However, it seems that the greatest effect on enhancing the adhesion is reached when the degree of polymerisation exceeds 1700. The degree of alcoholysis of PVA shows less effect on the adhesion than the degree of polymerisation does. The influence of the molecular structures of PVA on the adhesion of PVA-starch blends to fibres is less than that of PVA alone. We also discuss and analyse the experimental results from the point of view of the adhesion theory, especially from the type of failure, dispersion forces and internal stress on interfaces, and cohesive forces of the adhesive layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The vibrations of a flexible system resting on a layer of fibres are investigated in this paper. A mathematical model of the system excited by an electromagnet supplied with an alternating current is formulated. Two resonance regions are found. In one region the frequency of the varying contact force is twice the supply electric current frequency. In the other region the frequency of vibration is equal to that of the current. At the resonances the system loses contact with the layer at the moment when the reaction force becomes equal to zero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manufacturing non-wovens from fibre-grade polyesters by the melt-blown method from a polymer melt causes great technological problems. The structure of non-woven, its properties and characteristics are influenced by such parameters as the moisture of the polymer the temperature of manufacturing at the separate zones of installation, the output and temperature of the air blowing out the melt, the take-up velocity of the non woven, the distance of the condenser from the spinning nozzle, and the thickness of the fibres received. As the non-wovens discussed are devoted to medical applications and filtration materials an appropriate spatial structure is an important parameter and the smallest possible fibre thickness is required. The purpose of investigation was the optimisation of the process parameters and the obtaining of the thinnest possible fibres with optimum distribution of thickness, and optimum spatial structure. The manufacturing process allowed to obtain non- wovens which were characterised by the possibilities of shaping their structure in a wide range of parameters and with fibres of diameter from 2 μm to 14 μm. For the production of non-wovens of surface mass 110 g/m², the air flows that allow to receive optimum fibre thickness in the determined conditions were assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]