1. Preliminary assessments of population exposure to glycidyl esters and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters from miscellaneous oil-containing packaged foods in Taiwan.
- Author
-
Chang, Yu-Hsuan, Liao, Kai-Wei, Lin, Zih-Ee, and Lee, Wei-Ju
- Subjects
- *
PACKAGED foods , *COOKIES , *FOOD packaging , *GAS chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) , *ESTERS , *GAS well drilling , *FOOD consumption - Abstract
• G and M levels in foods were analyzed by GC–MS followed by Soxtec extraction. • The highest concentrations of G and M were found in processed fats and cookies. • 58% of palm oil-containing foods exceeded the upper limits of G or M set by the EU. • Packaged foods with palm-derived oils had significantly higher levels of G and M. • Main exposures to G and M were from cookies and instant noodles that exceeded TDIs. Glycidyl esters (GEs) and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDEs) are carcinogenic contaminants found in refined oils. This study aimed to determine levels of GEs and 3-MCPDEs in packaged foodstuffs, and estimate daily exposure levels using food consumption data. The analysis involved Soxtec extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the recovery of spiked GEs and 3-MCPDEs was within the range of 80%∼110%. Results showed that GEs and 3-MCPDEs were almost ubiquitous in food products (95%), with the highest concentrations found in processed fats, followed by cookies and spreads. Food products containing palm-derived oils had significantly higher levels of contaminants (p < 0.05), with up to 58.1% of palm oil-containing foodstuffs exceeding the upper limits of either GEs or 3-MCPDEs set by the European Union. Cookies and instant noodles were identified as the main sources of exposure to GEs and 3-MCPDEs, with potential daily intake levels exceeding the tolerable daily intakes in children aged 0 ∼ 12 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF