Search

• NH 2 -HMSN with hollow and mesoporous structure was used to extract FFAs. • Adsorption capacity of NH 2 -HMSN towards FFAs was superior to NH 2 -MSN and NH 2 -SM. • NH 2 -HMSN could be successfully prepared under normal pressure and temperature. In our study, ammoniated hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (NH 2 -HMSN) with uniform diameter and stable structure were successively prepared via SiO 2 core hard template method. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy revealed that amino group was effectively modified. Adsorption experiments showed that adsorption capacity of NH 2 -HMSN towards free fatty acids (FFAs) was superior to aminated mesopores or silica microspheres. Following through optimization of extraction conditions, FFAs from edible oil samples were successfully gathered by NH 2 -HMSN and showed favorable linearities (0.2–90 μg g−1), remarkably low limit of detections (0.03–0.15 nmol g−1), acceptable recoveries (85.08–96.82 %) and relatively accurate precisions (1.64–4.99 %). In comparison to existing adsorbent, NH 2 -HMSN could be successfully prepared via the chemical reaction of common raw materials under normal pressure and temperature. Furthermore, NH 2 -HMSN with hollow and mesoporous structure was more effective than the current adsorbents aimed at FFAs analysis in aspect of surface area and adsorption capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ultrastructural images of infection process were captured. • Conidia secrete potential hydrophobin to enhance adhesion at 4 hpi. • Initial reproduction of P. expansum occurs at 36 hpi. • Apple wounds activates pectin degradation, autophagy, and MAPK pathways. • Synthesis of ergosterol, organic acid, patulin, and CWDEs was induced. Penicillium expansum is a pathogen causing enormous postharvest losses of fruits, especially apples. In this study, we first investigated the morphological changes of P. expansum within apple wounds during infectious process by microscopic observation. We found that conidia swelled and secreted potential hydrophobin in 4 h, germinated in 8 h, and finally formed conidiophores in 36 h, a critical control time point to prevent the second contamination of spores. We then compared the transcript accumulation of P. expansum in apple tissues and liquid culture at 12 h. In total, 3168 and 1318 up-regulated and down-regulated genes were identified. Among them, genes regarding the biosynthesis of substances such as ergosterol, organic acid, cell wall degrading enzymes, and patulin were induced in expression. Pathways were activated, including autophagy, the mitogen-activated protein kinase, and pectin degradation. Our findings provide insights into the lifestyle and the mechanisms of P. expansum invading apple fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we established a simple, rapid, and high-throughput method for the analysis and classification of propolis samples. We utilized nanoESI-MS to analyze 37 samples of propolis from China for the first time, obtaining characteristic fingerprint spectra in negative ion mode, which were then integrated with multivariate analysis to explore variations between water extract of propolis (WEP) and ethanol extract of propolis (EEP). Furthermore, we categorized propolis samples based on different climate zones and colors, screening 10 differential metabolites among propolis from various climate zones, and 11 differential metabolites among propolis samples of different color. By employing machine learning models, we achieved high-precision discrimination and prediction between samples from different climate zones and colors, achieving predictive accuracies of 95.6% and 85.6%, respectively. These results highlight the significant potential of the nanoESI-MS coupled with machine learning methodology for precise classification within the realm of food products. [Display omitted] • A simple, rapid and high-throughput approach for propolis analysis. • Identified an appropriate internal standard for propolis analysis. • Classification of different solvents, climate zones and colors. • The potential classification markers have been identified. • Accurate classification using machine learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Low-abundance Amadori compounds were detected directly in high-sugar environment. • The derivatization was accomplished on the millisecond timescale instead of hours. • Informative fingerprints were obtained within 5 min without complex pretreatment. • Rapid differentiation between NH and AH was achieved by multivariate analysis. Amadori rearrangement products (ARPs) and α -dicarbonyl compounds (α -DCs) are critical intermediates in the Maillard chemistry. The screening of artificially heated honey (AH) is currently based on chromatography-mass spectrometry, which is commonly accompanied with the longer pretreatment and detection time. Here, low-abundance ARPs were detected directly in high-sugar environment by nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nanoESI-MS) coupled with borosilicate glass capillaries (O-tips). When O-tips were replaced by borosilicate theta capillaries (θ -tips), the microdroplets allowed the derivatization of α -DCs to be accomplished on the millisecond timescale, rather than hours in conventional protocols. The results indicated that two ARPs and α -DCs of m / z 235 were significantly up-regulated in AH. Meanwhile, the straightforward differentiation between naturally matured honey (NH) and AH was achieved by nanoESI-MS fingerprints combined with multivariate analysis. The method may provide a rapid characterization of Maillard reaction products (MRPs), which exhibits the great application potential in other complex food matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Amino-modified mesoporous silica was applied in MSPD for first time to extract FFAs. • Higher absorption capacity was achieved by introducing ordered mesoporous structure. • The application of MSPD simplified FFAs analysis in solid and semi-solid samples. Amino-modified mesoporous silica was prepared by modifying mesoporous silica with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and used as adsorbents in matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) to analyze free fatty acids (FFAs) in krill meals for the first time. The adsorption–desorption experiments and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed amino-modified mesoporous silica with ordered mesoporous structure was successfully synthesized. The adsorption experiments including static and dynamic adsorption showed that absorption capacity of amino-modified mesoporous silica towards FFAs was better than that of aminated silicon microspheres at all concentrations. Under optimal extraction conditions, outstanding linearity (0.1–12000 nmol g−1), low LODs (0.05–1.25 nmol g−1), satisfactory recoveries (82.17–96.43%) and precisions (0.19–5.26%) were obtained. Moreover, the application of MSPD for FFAs analysis avoided complicated lipid extraction procedures and accomplished the homogenization, crushing, extraction and cleaning of the samples in one step. Consequently, this approach provides an alternative choice to the existing approach for analyzing FFAs in solid and semi-solid samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]