1. Physicochemical and aromatic characterization of carob macerates produced by different maceration conditions
- Author
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Siniša Srečec, Marijana Blažić, Karla Hanousek Čiča, Katarina Filipan, Damir Stanzer, and Jasna Mrvčić
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,lcsh:TX341-641 ,phenolic compounds ,01 natural sciences ,carob, liqueur, aroma, macerate, phenolic compounds, ethyl hexanoate ,Ethyl benzoate ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,010608 biotechnology ,liqueur ,Maceration (wine) ,Food science ,Phenols ,Sugar ,ethyl hexanoate ,macerate ,Aroma ,Original Research ,Ethanol ,biology ,food and beverages ,Ethyl hexanoate ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,040401 food science ,Ethyl cinnamate ,carob ,aroma ,chemistry ,lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Food Science - Abstract
Carob liqueur is an alcoholic drink (minimum 15% v/v of ethanol and 100 g/L of sugar) typical for the Mediterranean countries. In the current work, carob macerate produced by maceration of carob pods in hydroalcoholic base at different maceration conditions was characterized for the first time based on its aroma compounds/profile, physicochemical parameters, and chromatic characteristics. The results confirm the migration process of bioactive compounds, aroma compounds, and sugars flowing from the carob pod to the hydroalcoholic base. Changes in ethanol concentration modify the physical properties of the solvent and influence the phenolic and aroma compounds extraction, color, and acidity of the obtained samples. The higher content of phenolic compounds was determinate in the samples obtained in the darkness. The amounts of phenols were in the range of some red fruit liqueurs or walnut liqueurs, and sugars (mostly sucrose) ranging between 96 and 107 g/L. Twenty‐six (out of total 94) aroma compounds were detected in all samples, of which 17 esters, 3 alcohols, 4 ketones, and 2 acids. Low molecular weight ethyl esters, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl 2‐methyl propanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl benzoate, ethyl butanoate, and ethyl cinnamate, were the most abundant. Carob pod maceration in 50% v/v hydroalcoholic base (1:5 solid to liquid ratio) in darkness at room temperature during 8 weeks can be recommended as optimal maceration conditions for production of the aromatic carob macerate with functional properties., The results confirm migration process such as: bioactive compounds, aroma compounds, and sugars flows from the carob pod to the alcoholic base. Changes in ethanol concentration modify the physical properties of the solvent and influence the phenolic and aroma compounds extraction, colour, and acidity of the obtained samples. The higher content of phenolic compounds was determinate in the samples obtained in the darkness. The amounts of phenols were in the range of some red fruit liqueurs or walnut liqueurs.
- Published
- 2020
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