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An essay is provided which discusses the increasing power of left and right wing populism Western countries, including in regard to the popularity of the 2016 U.S. Democratic candidate Donald Trump and the Austrian right wing political party the Freedom Party. An overview of the impact that economic policies had on populism from the 1960s through the early 21st century is provided. Populists' attitudes towards immigration are discussed.

The article discusses populism in Latin America from the 1930s through the mid 2010s, including the lack of populists' popularity in mid 2010s elections and the relationship between Latin American economic conditions and populism. An overview of the populist rule of Argentine President Néstor Kirchner is provided.

The article presents a discussion on U.S. economic statecraft and economic geopolitics, which is adapted from the book "War by Other Means: Geoeconomics and Statecraft," by Robert D. Blackwill and Jennifer M. Harris. An overview of the history of U.S. foreign relations, foreign economic relations and geopolitics from the late 18th century through the early 21st century, including the country's involvement in wars and U.S. state power, is provided.