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Thirty autosomal insertion-deletion (InDel) polymorphisms were analyzed in four populations from Iraq, Lithuania, Slovenia, and Turkey using the commercial kit Investigator® DIPplex. Genotyping issues were encountered for five of the 30 InDels. They were most probably caused by polymorphisms located in the primer binding sites. Population and forensic parameters were calculated. No significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium or significant linkage disequilibrium were detected. The observed heterozygosities ranged from 33% to 61% depending on the marker and the population. The combined probability of exclusion for the 30 markers was 99.7% in all four populations and the matching probabilities were 1 in 3-4×1012 individuals. The multidimensional scaling plot drawn from FST distances showed a good concordance between the relative position of the 15 populations included in the plot and their geographic locations.

A total of 255 individuals (Persians, Lurs, Kurds and Azeris) from Iran were typed for three sets of forensic genetic markers with the NGM SElect™, DIPplex(®) and Argus X-12 kits. Statistically significant deviations (P≤0.002) from Hardy-Weinberg expectations were observed for the insertion-deletion markers HLD97 and HLD93 after Holm-Sidak correction. Statistically significant (P

A population sample of 223 Greek individuals was typed for five sets of forensic genetic markers with the kits NGM SElect™, SNPforID 49plex, DIPplex®, Argus X-12 and PowerPlex® Y23. No significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg expectations was observed for any of the studied markers after Holm-Sidak correction. Statistically significant (P

A total of 119 unrelated individuals from two of the major ethnic groups in Ecuador were typed for 49 of the autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SNPforID 52plex using the SNapShot(®) assay. Of the above, 42 samples originated from Mestizos (an admixed population) and the remaining 77 were from Native Amerindian Kichwas. We obtained full SNP profiles in all individuals and concordance of duplicated analyses. No deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was observed for any SNP in the Mestizo and Kichwa populations and only one and four pairs of loci, respectively showed significant linkage disequilibrium. A relatively low genetic diversity and global positive F(IS) value was observed in Kichwas. A statistically significant global F(ST) value was obtained when the two Ecuadorian populations were compared with populations in Spain, Portugal, Argentina, Denmark, Greenland, China, Somalia and Mozambique. All pairwise F(ST) values were statistically significant. A multi-dimensional scaling based on pairwise F(ST) values showed that the Kichwa population differed from all other populations investigated and that the Mestizos had an intermediate position between Kichwas and Europeans. An admixture analysis indicated that the greater contributor to the Mestizo population was the Kichwas (71.2%) compared to the European contribution. The combined mean match probability and mean paternity exclusion probability were 3.3 × 10(-17) and 0.998, respectively, for the Mestizo population and 3.3 × 10(-14) and 0.993, respectively, for the Kichwa population.

A total of 157 unrelated individuals residing in Slovenia were typed for 49 of the autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SNP for ID 52plex with the SNaPshot ® assay. We obtained full SNP profiles in all but one individual and perfect concordance was obtained in duplicated analyses. Allele frequencies are presented for the 49 SNPs. No deviation from HWE was observed for any SNP. F IS and F ST were estimated. A principal coordinate analysis performed on six populations (Slovenian, Danish, Somali, Greenland, Turkish and Chinese) showed that the Slovenian population grouped with the Danish population. The mean power of discrimination for the Slovenian population was 1.1×10 −19 , and the mean exclusion probability for trios was 99.96%.

C. Tomas, J.J. Sanchez, A. Barbaro, C. Brandt-Casadevall, A. Hernandez, B.D. Mohamed, M.M. Ramon, N. Morling Section of Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 11 Frederik V's Vej, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark Instituto Nacional de Toxicologia y Ciencias Forenses, Delegacion de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain Sezione di Genetica Forense, Studio Indagini Mediche E Forensi (SIMEF), Reggio Calabria, Italy Institut Universitaire de Medecine Legale, Lausanne, Switzerland Service de Medecine Legale, Hopital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia Institut Universitari d’Investigacions en Ciencies de la Salut i Laboratori de Genetica, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain

A total of 272 males from Greenland were typed for 11 Y-chromosome STRs DYS19, DYS385a/b, DYS389-I, DYS389-II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS437, DYS438 and DYS439 with the PowerPlex Y System (Promega). A total of 146 different haplotypes were observed and the haplotype diversity was 0.9887. The number of haplotypes seen once was 108 and the most common haplotype was observed in 12 males. A significant F(ST) value was observed (F(ST)=0.012, P