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Plant polyphenol supplementation may improve fish health in aquaculture systems. To assess the potential benefits and function mechanism of plant polyphenols in aquaculture, fish were fed either basal feed (CON) or the basal feed supplemented with 500 mg/kg of curcumin (CUR), oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC), chlorogenic acid (CGA), or resveratrol (RES). After an 8-week feeding experiment, blood samples were used to analyze the concentrations of biochemical indices. Gut samples were collected to evaluate microbiota, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels, and gene expression. The results indicated that polyphenol administration reduced serum glucose and insulin. Lysozyme activity was enhanced by OPC and CGA, and superoxide dismutase activity was increased by CUR, OPC, and CGA. The gut microbial structure of the RES group was segregated from that of the CON, and the genus Bacteroides was identified as a potential biomarker in the CUR, CGA, and RES groups. Total gut SCFA increased in the CUR, CGA, and RES groups. A strong correlation was observed between Bacteroides and SCFA. In conclusion, dietary polyphenols have distinct anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-hyperglycemic activities that may be closely associated with their microbiota-modulation effects.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common virus that causes respiratory infection, especially severe respiratory infection in infants and young children, the elderly people over 65 years old, and people with weak immunity. Currently, RSV infection has no effective vaccine and antiviral treatment. The number of deaths due to RSV infection increases every year. Moreover, RSV A infection occurs in a large number and has severe clinical symptoms and complications than RSV B infection. Therefore, the development of a simple, rapid, and inexpensive detection method with high amplification efficiency, high sensitivity, and specificity is very important for the diagnosis of RSV A or RSV B infection, which can help in the early clinical medication and prevent the progress of the disease. Therefore, we developed an integrated trinity test with an RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a-fluorescence (termed IT-RAISE) assay system to detect RSV A or RSV B. The characteristic of the IT-RAISE system is that after target recognition, the reporter single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) is cleaved by Cas12a that is activated by different crRNAs to detect the generated fluorescent signal. This method is simple and helps in adding all reagents rapidly. It is a high-sensitive method that can detect 1.38 × 101 copies/μl of the target sequences, and it can distinguish RSV A or RSV B infection within 37 min. In addition, clinical specimens were detected for IT-RAISE system. It was found that the sensitivity and specificity of RSV A were 73.08 and 90%, respectively, and those of RSV B were 42.86 and 93.33%, respectively. The cost of ONE specimen for IT-RAISE system was approximately $ 2.6 (excluding rapid RNA extraction and reverse transcription costs). IT-RAISE system has good clinical application prospects for detecting RSV A or RSV B infection; it is a simple, rapid, and inexpensive method with high amplification efficiency, high sensitivity, and high specificity. The IT-RAISE system might also detect other viral or bacterial infections.

Vineyard soil microbial communities potentially mediate grapevine growth, grape production as well as wine terroir. Simultaneously assessing shifts of microbial community composition at the intra-vineyard scale allows us to decouple correlations among environmental variables, thus providing insights into vineyard management. Here we investigated bacterial and fungal community compositions and their relationships with edaphic properties in soils collected from a commercial vineyard at four different soil depths (0–5, 5–10, 10–20, and 20–40 cm). Soil organic carbon (SOC) content, invertase activity and phosphatase activity decreased along depth gradient in the 0–20 cm soil fraction (P < 0.001). The soil bacterial biomass and α-diversity were significantly higher than those of fungi (P ≤ 0.001). Statistical analyses revealed that SOC content, pH, C/N ratio and total phosphorus (TP) were significant determinants of soil bacterial (R = 0.494, P = 0.001) and fungal (R = 0.443, P = 0.001) community structure. The abundance of dominated bacterial phyla (Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria) and fungal phyla (Ascomycota, Zygomycota and Basidiomycota) slightly varied among all soil samples. Genus Lactococcus, which comprised 2.72% of the soil bacterial community, showed increasing pattern with depth. Importantly, Candidatus Nitrososphaera, Monographella and Fusarium were also detected with high abundances in soil samples, indicating their ecological function in soil nitrogen cycle and the potential risk in grapevine disease. Overall, this work detected the intra-vineyard variation of bacterial and fungal communities and their relationships with soil characteristics, which was beneficial to vineyard soil management and grapevine disease prevention.

In this study, we investigated the microbiota dynamics during two industrial-scale traditional solid-state fermentation (SSF) processes of Daqu starters. Similar evolution profiles of environmental parameters, enzymatic activities, microbial amounts and communities were observed during the medium temperature SSF (MTSSF) and low temperature SSF (LTSSF) processes. Orders of Rickettsiales and Streptophyta only dominated the initial two days, and Eurotiales only predominated from days 10 to 24, however, phylotypes of Enterobacteriales, Lactobacillales, Bacillales, Saccharomycetales and Mucorales both prevailed throughout the MTSSF and LTSSF processes. Nevertheless, the pH in MTSSF process on day 5 were 5.28, while in LTSSF process (4.87) significantly lower (P < 0.05). The glucoamylase activities in MTSSF process dropped from 902.71 to 394.33 mg glucose g-1 h-1 on days 5 to 24, while significantly lower (P < 0.05) in LTSSF process and decreased from 512.25 to 268.69 mg glucose g-1 h-1. The relative abundance of Enterobacteriales and Lactobacillales in MTSSF process constituted from 10.30% to 71.73% and 2.34% to 16.68%, while in LTSSF process ranged from 3.16% to 41.06% and 8.43% to 57.39%, respectively. The relative abundance of Eurotiales in MTSSF process on days 10 to 24 decreased from 36.10% to 28.63%, while obviously higher in LTSSF process and increased from 52.00% to 72.97%. Furthermore, lower bacterial richness but higher fungal richness were displayed, markedly differences in bacterial communities but highly similarities in fungal communities were exhibited, during MTSSF process comparatively to the LTSSF process. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed microbial structure transition happened at thermophilic stages under environmental stress of moisture, pH, acidity and pile temperature. These profound understanding might help to effectively control the traditional Daqu SSF process by adjusting relevant environmental parameters.