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IntroductionThis study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the novel combination of Aza and HIA as the frontline induction therapy in newly diagnosed AML patients eligible for intensive chemotherapy (IC) (registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT04248595).MethodsAza (75mg/m2/d on days1-5 subcutaneous) is administered in combination with HIA [HHT 2mg/m2/d on days 4-8 intravenous over 3 hours, idarubicin 6mg/m2/d on days 4-6 intravenous, and cytarabine 100mg/m2/d on days 4-10 intravenous]. The primary endpoint was complete remission (CR) or CR with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi). Secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS), and adverse events (AEs).ResultsA total of 20 AML patients (aged 18-70 years) were enrolled between Jan 2020 and Sep 2022. 95% (19/20) of patients achieved CR/CRi, and 89.5% (17/19) had undetectable MRD, in which 94.7% (18/19) reached CR/CRi, and 88.9% (16/18) obtained MRD negative after the 1st cycle of induction therapy. Median OS and RFS were both not reached during the follow-up. The estimated 2-year OS and RFS were 87.5% (95%CI, 58.6% to 96.7%) and 87.1% (95%CI, 57.3% to 96.6%), respectively. No patient discontinued the treatment for AEs.DiscussionThis study provides preliminary evidence for this novel combination therapy as the first-line induction therapy for young or older AML patients fit for IC.

BackgroundEndometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma (EEA) is one of the most common tumors in the female reproductive system. With the further understanding of immune regulation mechanism in tumor microenvironment, immunotherapy is emerging in tumor treatment. However, there are few systematic studies on EEA immune infiltration.MethodsIn this study, prognostic tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and related genes of EEA were comprehensively analyzed for the first time through the bioinformatics method with CIBERSORT algorithm as the core. Gene expression profile data were downloaded from the TCGA database, and the abundance ratio of TIICs was obtained. Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox regression analysis were used to identify prognostic TIICs. EEA samples were grouped according to the risk score in Cox regression model. Differential analysis and functional enrichment analyses were performed on high- and low-risk groups to find survival-related hub genes, which were verified by Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER).ResultFour TIICs including memory CD4+ T cells, regulatory T cells, natural killer cells and dendritic cells were identified. And two hub gene modules were found, in which six hub genes including APOL1, CCL17, RBP4, KRT15, KRT71, and KRT79 were significantly related to overall survival and were closely correlated with some certain TIICs in the validation of TIMER.ConclusionIn this study, four prognostic TIICs and six hub genes were found to be closely related to EEA. These findings provided new potential targets for EEA immunotherapy.

Background: There is increasing evidence that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the process of carcinogenesis and treatment using chemotherapy. Pterostilbene, a phytochemical agent with natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, has been shown to modulate oncogenic processes in many cancers. However, there has been limited research on the association between pterostilbene and the expression of lncRNAs.Methods: MCF7 breast cancer cells were treated with various concentrations of pterostilbene and their gene expression profile was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence.Results: Treatment with pterostilbene inhibited cell proliferation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and increased cell apoptosis, autophagy and ER stress. The Akt/mTOR pathway was downregulated, but p38 MAPK/Erk signaling was activated in cells following treatment with pterostilbene. Pterostilbene increased the expression of the lncRNAs MEG3, TUG1, H19, and DICER1-AS1 whereas the expression of LINC01121, PTTG3P, and HOTAIR declined. Knockdown of lncRNA H19 resulted in a reduction of the cell invasion, with the cells becoming more sensitive to pterostilbene therapy.Conclusions: These results suggest that efficient optimum disruption of lncRNA expression might possibly improve the anti-tumor effects of phytochemical agents, thus serving as a potential therapy for breast cancer.