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Background: With the increasing global prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity, there is a pressing need for novel therapeutic interventions. Lavandula stoechas, a medicinal plant traditionally used for various ailments, holds promise as a potential agent for T2D management, particularly in Morocco, where it is commonly used to treat diabetes. This study aims to evaluate the pharmacological potential of L. stoechas aqueous extract (AqLs) by assessing its lipase inhibition antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, identifying phenolic compounds, and examining its efficacy in reducing diabetic complications. Methods: The pharmacological potential of L. stoechas aqueous extract was investigated using in vitro assays. The inhibitory effect on pancreatic lipase, antioxidant power (FRAP), and anti-inflammatory activity (albumin denaturation method) was assessed. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis identified phenolic compounds. Additionally, albumin glycation was evaluated by estimating fructosamine, carbonyl groups, and amyloid β-structures to assess efficacy in mitigating diabetic complications. Results: The extract demonstrated concentration-dependent inhibition of pancreatic lipase (IC50 = 0.132 ± 0.006 mg/mL), potent antioxidant activity (IC50 = 604.99 ± 1.01 μg/mL), and dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effects (IC50 = 207.01 ± 34.94 mg/mL). HPLC analysis revealed phenolic compounds: naringin (38.28%), syringic acid (25.72%), and cinnamic acid (15.88%) were the most abundant, with 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, hydrated catechin, and catechin ranging from 9.60% to 5.24%, and p-coumaric acid (1.73%). Furthermore, the extract inhibited albumin glycation and fructosamine production, suggesting efficacy in mitigating diabetic complications. Conclusion: These findings highlight the multifaceted pharmacological potential of L. stoechas aqueous extract in T2D management, suggesting that this plant can be highly beneficial for diabetic individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma accounts for 80% of primary liver cancers, is the most common primary liver malignancy. Hepatocellular carcinoma is the third leading cause of tumor-related deaths worldwide, with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 18%. Chemotherapy, although commonly used for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment, is limited by systemic toxicity and drug resistance. Improving targeted delivery of chemotherapy drugs to tumor cells without causing systemic side effects is a current research focus. Chitosan, a biopolymer derived from chitin, possesses good biocompatibility and biodegradability, making it suitable for drug delivery. Enhanced chitosan formulations retain the anti-tumor properties while improving stability. Chitosan-based biomaterials promote hepatocellular carcinoma apoptosis, exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, inhibit tumor angiogenesis, and improve extracellular matrix remodeling for enhanced anti-tumor therapy. Methods: We summarized published experimental papers by querying them. Results and Conclusions: This review discusses the physicochemical properties of chitosan, its application in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment, and the challenges faced by chitosan-based biomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In recent years, diverse initiatives have been carried out to control the COVID-19 pandemic, ranging from measures restricting social activities to analyzing drugs and vaccines. Studies on herbal medicines are also increasingly conducted in various countries as an adjuvant therapy or supplement. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to investigate the efficacy of herbal medicines analyzed from various countries through clinical trials with the randomized controlled trial method. The outcomes of Length of Stay (LOS), Negative Conversion Time (NCT), and Negative Conversion Rate (NCR) were the main focus. Methods: An extensive review of literature spanning from 2019 to 2023 was carried out using well-known databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane. The search included relevant keywords such as "randomized controlled trial," "COVID-19," and "herbal medicine." Results: A total of 8 articles were part of the inclusion criteria with outcomes of LOS, NCT, and NCR. In terms of LOS outcomes, all types of herbal medicines showed significant results, such as Persian Medicine Herbal (PM Herbal), Persian Barley Water (PBW), Jingyin Granules (JY granules), Reduning Injection, and Phyllanthus emblica (Amla). However, only JY granules showed significant results in NCR outcome, while JY granules and Reduning Injection showed significant results in reducing NCT. Conclusion: These findings enrich our understanding of the potential benefits of herbal medicines in influencing LOS, NCR and NCT parameters in COVID-19 patients. Herbal medicines worked to treat COVID-19 through antiviral, antiinflammatory, and immunomodulatory mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is an erratum for an article titled "Preemptive use of anti-inflammatories and analgesics in oral surgery: a review of systematic reviews." The erratum corrects the omission of Table 1 from the published article and clarifies its citation as Supplementary Table 1. The erratum also includes a note from the publisher stating that the views expressed in the article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of their affiliated organizations or the publisher. The article summarizes systematic reviews on the use of anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics in dental procedures, specifically focusing on their effectiveness in reducing pain, edema, and trismus after surgeries like third molar surgery, periodontal surgery, and implant surgery. The reviews indicate that corticosteroids and NSAIDs have positive effects in improving postoperative experiences for patients, although some drugs may be more effective than others. Adverse effects were generally mild and varied among treatment groups. However, more high-quality randomized clinical trials are needed to provide stronger evidence for the use of these drugs. [Extracted from the article]

Objectives: This review of systematic reviews evaluated the effectiveness and safety of the preemptive use of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs in the management of postoperative pain, edema, and trismus in oral surgery. Materials and methods: The databases searched included the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Epistemonikos, Scopus, Web of Science, and Virtual Health Library, up to March 2023. Pairs of reviewers independently selected the studies, extracted the data, and rated their methodological quality using the AMSTAR-2 tool. Results: All of the 19 studies reviewed had at least two critical methodological flaws. Third molar surgery was the most common procedure (n = 15) and the oral route the most frequent approach (n = 14). The use of betamethasone (10, 20, and 60 mg), dexamethasone (4 and 8 mg), methylprednisolone (16, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 125 mg), and prednisolone (10 and 20 mg) by different routes and likewise of celecoxib (200 mg), diclofenac (25, 30, 50, 75, and 100 mg), etoricoxib (120 mg), ibuprofen (400 and 600 mg), ketorolac (30 mg), meloxicam (7.5, 10, and 15 mg), nimesulide (100 mg), and rofecoxib (50 mg) administered by oral, intramuscular, and intravenous routes were found to reduce pain, edema, and trismus in patients undergoing third molar surgery. Data on adverse effects were poorly reported. Conclusion: Further randomized clinical trials should be conducted to confirm these findings, given the wide variety of drugs, doses, and routes of administration used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disturbing or disrupting the regular healing process of a skin wound may result in its progression to a chronic state. Chronic wounds often lead to increased infection because of their long healing time, malnutrition, and insufficient oxygen flow, subsequently affecting wound progression. Gelatin--the main structure of natural collagen-is widely used in biomedical fields because of its low cost, wide availability, biocompatibility, and degradability. However, gelatin may exhibit diverse tailored physical properties and poor antibacterial activity. Research on gelatin-based biomaterials has identified the challenges of improving gelatin's poor antibacterial properties and low mechanical properties. In chronic wounds, gelatin-based biomaterials can promote wound hemostasis, enhance peri-wound antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, and promote vascular and epithelial cell regeneration. In this article, we first introduce the natural process of wound healing. Second, we present the role of gelatin-based biomaterials and gelatin as an additive in wound healing. Finally, we present the future implications of gelatin-based biomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundWith the increasing global prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity, there is a pressing need for novel therapeutic interventions. Lavandula stoechas, a medicinal plant traditionally used for various ailments, holds promise as a potential agent for T2D management, particularly in Morocco, where it is commonly used to treat diabetes. This study aims to evaluate the pharmacological potential of L. stoechas aqueous extract (AqLs) by assessing its lipase inhibition antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, identifying phenolic compounds, and examining its efficacy in reducing diabetic complications.MethodsThe pharmacological potential of L. stoechas aqueous extract was investigated using in vitro assays. The inhibitory effect on pancreatic lipase, antioxidant power (FRAP), and anti-inflammatory activity (albumin denaturation method) was assessed. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis identified phenolic compounds. Additionally, albumin glycation was evaluated by estimating fructosamine, carbonyl groups, and amyloid β-structures to assess efficacy in mitigating diabetic complications.ResultsThe extract demonstrated concentration-dependent inhibition of pancreatic lipase (IC50 = 0.132 ± 0.006 mg/mL), potent antioxidant activity (IC50 = 604.99 ± 1.01 μg/mL), and dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effects (IC50 = 207.01 ± 34.94 mg/mL). HPLC analysis revealed phenolic compounds: naringin (38.28%), syringic acid (25.72%), and cinnamic acid (15.88%) were the most abundant, with 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, hydrated catechin, and catechin ranging from 9.60% to 5.24%, and p-coumaric acid (1.73%). Furthermore, the extract inhibited albumin glycation and fructosamine production, suggesting efficacy in mitigating diabetic complications.ConclusionThese findings highlight the multifaceted pharmacological potential of L. stoechas aqueous extract in T2D management, suggesting that this plant can be highly beneficial for diabetic individuals.

Introduction: P. candolleana Wight et Arn. Is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine used by the Gelao nationality in southwest China, has been historically applied to treat various gastrointestinal disorders. Despite its traditional usage, scientific evidence elucidating its efficacy and mechanisms in treating ulcerative colitis (UC) remains sparse. This study aimed to determine the quality and chemical composition of Pimpinella candolleana and to identify its potential therapeutic targets and mechanisms in acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) rats through integrated approaches. Methods: Morphological and microscopic characteristics, thin layer chromatography (TLC) identification, and quantitative analysis of P. candolleana were performed. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, network pharmacology, and molecular docking were used to identify its chemical composition and predict its related targets in UC. Furthermore, a rat model was established to evaluate the therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of P. candolleana on UC. Results: Microscopic identification revealed irregular and radial arrangement of the xylem in P. candolleana, with a light green cross-section and large medullary cells. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis detected and analyzed 570 metabolites, including flavonoids, coumarins, and terpenoids. Network pharmacology identified 12 effective components and 176 target genes, with 96 common targets for P. candolleana-UC, including quercetin, luteolin, and nobiletin as key anti-inflammatory components. GO and KEGG revealed the potential involvement of their targets in RELA, JUN, TNF, IKBKB, PTGS2, and CHUK, with action pathways such as PI3K-Akt, TNF, IL-17, and apoptosis. Molecular docking demonstrated strong affinity and binding between these key components (quercetin, luteolin, and nobiletin) and the key targets of the pathway, including JUN and TNF. Treatment with P. candolleana improved body weight loss, the disease activity index, and colonic histological damage in UC rats. Pimpinella candolleana also modulated the levels of IL-2 and IL-6 in UC rats, reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, MAPK8, TNF-a, CHUK, and IKBKB mRNA, and decreased the expression of TNF, IKBKB, JUN, and CHUK proteins in the colon of UC rats, thereby reducing inflammation and alleviating UC symptoms. Conclusion: P. candolleana exerts its protective effect on UC by reducing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and inhibiting inflammation, providing scientific evidence for its traditional use in treating gastrointestinal diseases. This study highlights the potential of P. candolleana as a natural therapeutic agent for UC and contributes to the development of novel medicines for UC treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionIn recent years, diverse initiatives have been carried out to control the COVID-19 pandemic, ranging from measures restricting social activities to analyzing drugs and vaccines. Studies on herbal medicines are also increasingly conducted in various countries as an adjuvant therapy or supplement. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to investigate the efficacy of herbal medicines analyzed from various countries through clinical trials with the randomized controlled trial method. The outcomes of Length of Stay (LOS), Negative Conversion Time (NCT), and Negative Conversion Rate (NCR) were the main focus.MethodsAn extensive review of literature spanning from 2019 to 2023 was carried out using well-known databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane. The search included relevant keywords such as “randomized controlled trial,” “COVID-19,” and “herbal medicine.”ResultsA total of 8 articles were part of the inclusion criteria with outcomes of LOS, NCT, and NCR. In terms of LOS outcomes, all types of herbal medicines showed significant results, such as Persian Medicine Herbal (PM Herbal), Persian Barley Water (PBW), Jingyin Granules (JY granules), Reduning Injection, and Phyllanthus emblica (Amla). However, only JY granules showed significant results in NCR outcome, while JY granules and Reduning Injection showed significant results in reducing NCT.ConclusionThese findings enrich our understanding of the potential benefits of herbal medicines in influencing LOS, NCR and NCT parameters in COVID-19 patients. Herbal medicines worked to treat COVID-19 through antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory mechanisms.

Ethnopharmacological relevance: In the past, Ethiopian traditional medicine employed the leaves of the native Commelina latifolia Hochst. ex C.B. Clarke plant to treat wounds, pain, and malaria. Aim of the study: The crude extract and solvent fractions of C. latifolia Hochst. ex C.B. Clarke leaves were examined in the present investigation to determine their ability to have an antiinflammatory effect and provide an antinociceptive effect in animal models. Materials and methods: The leaves of C. latifolia were extracted with 80% methanol, and the CL crude extract was further fractionated with chloroform, pure methanol, and distilled water. The carrageenan-induced paw edema model was used to test the extracts' ability to reduce inflammation. The hotplate model and the acetic acid-induced writhing test on rodents were used to test the extracts' potential antinociceptive effect to reduce pain. Results: Inflammation was decreased by 64.59% with CL crude extract (400 mg/kg); 56.34% (400 mg/kg) of methanol fraction, 64.59% of aqueous fraction (400 mg/kg), and 38.27% of chloroform fraction in the carrageenaninduced inflammatory model. All extracts demonstrated a considerable lengthening of the nociception reaction time in the hot plate test, with a maximum antinociceptive effect of 78.98% (crude extract) and 71.65% (solvent fractions). At a dosage of 400 mg/kg, the natural C. latifolia crude extract and aqueous fraction demonstrated considerable antinociceptive effects against acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) during the writhing test (48.83% and 45.37than%, respectively). The current findings support Ethiopia's traditional user's assertions that the herb can alleviate inflammation and pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rheumatic and autoimmune diseases are a group of immune system-related disorders wherein the immune system mistakenly attacks and damages the body’s tissues and organs. This excessive immune response leads to inflammation, tissue damage, and functional impairment. Therapeutic approaches typically involve medications that regulate immune responses, reduce inflammation, alleviate symptoms, and target specific damaged organs. Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f., a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, has been widely studied in recent years for its application in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and multiple sclerosis. Numerous studies have shown that preparations of Tripterygium wilfordii have antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory, and immunosuppressive effects, which effectively improve the symptoms and quality of life of patients with autoimmune diseases, whereas the active metabolites of T. wilfordii have been demonstrated to inhibit immune cell activation, regulate the production of inflammatory factors, and modulate the immune system. However, although these effects contribute to reductions in inflammatory responses and the suppression of autoimmune reactions, as well as minimize tissue and organ damage, the underlying mechanisms of action require further investigation. Moreover, despite the efficacy of T. wilfordii in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, its toxicity and side effects, including its potential hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, warrant a thorough assessment. Furthermore, to maximize the therapeutic benefits of this plant in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and enable more patients to utilize these benefits, efforts should be made to strengthen the regulation and standardized use of T. wilfordii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnopharmacological relevance: In the past, Ethiopian traditional medicine employed the leaves of the native Commelina latifolia Hochst. ex C.B. Clarke plant to treat wounds, pain, and malaria.Aim of the study: The crude extract and solvent fractions of C. latifolia Hochst. ex C.B. Clarke leaves were examined in the present investigation to determine their ability to have an antiinflammatory effect and provide an antinociceptive effect in animal models.Materials and methods: The leaves of C. latifolia were extracted with 80% methanol, and the CL crude extract was further fractionated with chloroform, pure methanol, and distilled water. The carrageenan-induced paw edema model was used to test the extracts’ ability to reduce inflammation. The hotplate model and the acetic acid-induced writhing test on rodents were used to test the extracts’ potential antinociceptive effect to reduce pain.Results: Inflammation was decreased by 64.59% with CL crude extract (400 mg/kg); 56.34% (400 mg/kg) of methanol fraction, 64.59% of aqueous fraction (400 mg/kg), and 38.27% of chloroform fraction in the carrageenan-induced inflammatory model. All extracts demonstrated a considerable lengthening of the nociception reaction time in the hot plate test, with a maximum antinociceptive effect of 78.98% (crude extract) and 71.65% (solvent fractions). At a dosage of 400 mg/kg, the natural C. latifolia crude extract and aqueous fraction demonstrated considerable antinociceptive effects against acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) during the writhing test (48.83% and 45.37than%, respectively). The current findings support Ethiopia’s traditional user’s assertions that the herb can alleviate inflammation and pain.

Nowadays, there has been increased awareness that the therapeutic effects of natural medicines on inflammatory diseases may be achieved by regulating the gut microbiota. Shuanghuanglian oral liquid (SHL), the traditional Chinese medicine preparation, has been shown to be effective in clearing heat-toxin, which is widely used in the clinical treatment of respiratory tract infection, mild pneumonia, and common cold with the wind-heat syndrome. Yet the role of gut microbiota in the antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects is unclear. In this study, a new strategy of the 16S rRNA gene sequencing and serum metabolomics that aims to explore the role of SHL in a rat model of the systemic inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide would be a major advancement. Our results showed that the gut microbiota structure was restored in rats with inflammation after oral administration of SHL, thereby reducing inflammation. Specifically, SHL increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium and decreased the abundance of Bifidobacterium , Olsenella , Aerococcus , Enterococcus , and Clostridium in the rat model of inflammatory disease. Serum metabolomic profile obtained by the orbitrap-based high-resolution mass spectrometry revealed significant differences in the levels of 39 endogenous metabolites in the inflammatory model groups, eight metabolites of which almost returned to normal levels after SHL treatment. Correlation analysis between metabolite, gut microbiota, and inflammatory factors showed that the antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects of SHL were related to the recovery of the abnormal levels of the endogenous metabolites (N-acetylserotonin and 1-methylxanthine) in the tryptophan metabolism and caffeine metabolism pathway. Taken together, these findings suggest that the structural changes in the gut microbiota are closely related to host metabolism. The regulation of gut microbiota structure and function is of great significance for exploring the potential mechanism in the treatment of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory diseases with SHL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, there has been increased awareness that the therapeutic effects of natural medicines on inflammatory diseases may be achieved by regulating the gut microbiota. Shuanghuanglian oral liquid (SHL), the traditional Chinese medicine preparation, has been shown to be effective in clearing heat-toxin, which is widely used in the clinical treatment of respiratory tract infection, mild pneumonia, and common cold with the wind-heat syndrome. Yet the role of gut microbiota in the antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects is unclear. In this study, a new strategy of the 16S rRNA gene sequencing and serum metabolomics that aims to explore the role of SHL in a rat model of the systemic inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide would be a major advancement. Our results showed that the gut microbiota structure was restored in rats with inflammation after oral administration of SHL, thereby reducing inflammation. Specifically, SHL increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium and decreased the abundance of Bifidobacterium, Olsenella, Aerococcus, Enterococcus, and Clostridium in the rat model of inflammatory disease. Serum metabolomic profile obtained by the orbitrap-based high-resolution mass spectrometry revealed significant differences in the levels of 39 endogenous metabolites in the inflammatory model groups, eight metabolites of which almost returned to normal levels after SHL treatment. Correlation analysis between metabolite, gut microbiota, and inflammatory factors showed that the antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects of SHL were related to the recovery of the abnormal levels of the endogenous metabolites (N-acetylserotonin and 1-methylxanthine) in the tryptophan metabolism and caffeine metabolism pathway. Taken together, these findings suggest that the structural changes in the gut microbiota are closely related to host metabolism. The regulation of gut microbiota structure and function is of great significance for exploring the potential mechanism in the treatment of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory diseases with SHL.

An inulin (CPPF), isolated from a traditional Chinese herbal medicine Codonopsis pilosula , was characterized and demonstrated with potential prebiotic activity in vitro before. Based on its non-digested feature, the intestinal mucosa and microbiota modulatory effects in vivo on immunosuppressed mice were investigated after oral administration of 200, 100 and 50 mg/kg of CPPF for 7 days. It was demonstrated that the secretions of sIgA and mucin 2 (Muc2) in ileum were improved by CPPF, and the anti-inflammatory activities in different intestine parts were revealed. The intestine before colon could be the target active position of CPPF. As a potential prebiotic substance, a gut microbiota restorative effect was also presented by mainly modulating the relative abundance of Eubacteriales , including Oscillibacter , unidentified Ruminococcus and Lachnospiraceae after high-throughput pyrosequencing of V4 region of 16S rRNA analysis. All these results indicated that this main bioactive ingredient inulin from C. pilosula was a medicinal prebiotic with enhancing mucosal immune, anti-inflammatory and microbiota modulatory activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An inulin (CPPF), isolated from a traditional Chinese herbal medicine Codonopsis pilosula, was characterized and demonstrated with potential prebiotic activity in vitro before. Based on its non-digested feature, the intestinal mucosa and microbiota modulatory effects in vivo on immunosuppressed mice were investigated after oral administration of 200, 100 and 50 mg/kg of CPPF for 7 days. It was demonstrated that the secretions of sIgA and mucin 2 (Muc2) in ileum were improved by CPPF, and the anti-inflammatory activities in different intestine parts were revealed. The intestine before colon could be the target active position of CPPF. As a potential prebiotic substance, a gut microbiota restorative effect was also presented by mainly modulating the relative abundance of Eubacteriales, including Oscillibacter, unidentified Ruminococcus and Lachnospiraceae after high-throughput pyrosequencing of V4 region of 16S rRNA analysis. All these results indicated that this main bioactive ingredient inulin from C. pilosula was a medicinal prebiotic with enhancing mucosal immune, anti-inflammatory and microbiota modulatory activities.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma accounts for 80% of primary liver cancers, is the most common primary liver malignancy. Hepatocellular carcinoma is the third leading cause of tumor-related deaths worldwide, with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 18%. Chemotherapy, although commonly used for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment, is limited by systemic toxicity and drug resistance. Improving targeted delivery of chemotherapy drugs to tumor cells without causing systemic side effects is a current research focus. Chitosan, a biopolymer derived from chitin, possesses good biocompatibility and biodegradability, making it suitable for drug delivery. Enhanced chitosan formulations retain the anti-tumor properties while improving stability. Chitosan-based biomaterials promote hepatocellular carcinoma apoptosis, exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, inhibit tumor angiogenesis, and improve extracellular matrix remodeling for enhanced anti-tumor therapy., Methods: We summarized published experimental papers by querying them., Results and Conclusions: This review discusses the physicochemical properties of chitosan, its application in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment, and the challenges faced by chitosan-based biomaterials., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wang, Yang, Zhao, Wu, Li and Zhao.)

Medicinal plants have been used since ancient times for human healthcare as drugs, spices, and food additives. The progress in technology and medicine observed, the last decades, has improved the quality of life and healthcare but with worrisome drawbacks. Side effects caused by synthetic drugs for instance originate sometimes irreversible health disorders. Natural substances, in contrast, are biologically and environmentally friendly. Syzygium jambos L. (Alston) also known as rose apple conveys a long history as essential traditional medicine with a broad spectrum of application in various cultures. The plant discloses a diverse group of secondary metabolites and extracts that displayed major susceptibilities towards various health concerns especially stress-related and inflammatory diseases. Despite a rich literature about the plant, the chemistry and biology of S. jambos have not been comprehensively reviewed yet. Accordingly, we present herein a literature survey of rose apple which aims to draw the chemical identity of the plant and establish a consistent discussion on the respective biological application of plant extracts and their corresponding traditional uses. The present work could provide a scientific basis for future studies and necessary information for further investigations of new drug discovery.

Medicinal plants have been used since ancient times for human healthcare as drugs, spices, and food additives. The progress in technology and medicine observed, the last decades, has improved the quality of life and healthcare but with worrisome drawbacks. Side effects caused by synthetic drugs for instance originate sometimes irreversible health disorders. Natural substances, in contrast, are biologically and environmentally friendly. Syzygium jambos L. (Alston) also known as rose apple conveys a long history as essential traditional medicine with a broad spectrum of application in various cultures. The plant discloses a diverse group of secondary metabolites and extracts that displayed major susceptibilities towards various health concerns especially stress-related and inflammatory diseases. Despite a rich literature about the plant, the chemistry and biology of S. jambos have not been comprehensively reviewed yet. Accordingly, we present herein a literature survey of rose apple which aims to draw the chemical identity of the plant and establish a consistent discussion on the respective biological application of plant extracts and their corresponding traditional uses. The present work could provide a scientific basis for future studies and necessary information for further investigations of new drug discovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: taste; bitter; sweet; sour; pungent; astringent; phytochemicals; antiinflammatory EN taste bitter sweet sour pungent astringent phytochemicals antiinflammatory 1 6 6 01/17/22 20220112 NES 220112 1 Introduction In traditional medicine taste of medicinal plants represents one of the ethnopharmacological descriptors used for selection of the optimal herbal treatment of various ailments ([5]; [27]; [16]; [14]). Recent discoveries in taste science lead to the astonishing conclusion that the whole human body is endowed with a diffuse chemosensory system consisting of taste receptors and other chemesthesis sensors ([36]; [3]; [24]). The main categories of taste receptors and chemosensors from various species, targeted by the phytochemicals in PlantMolecularTasteDB are: a. bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs); b. sweet taste receptor (TAS1R2/TAS1R3); c. umami taste receptor (TAS1R1/TAS1R3); d. potential candidates for sour taste receptors (ASICs, PKD2L1, mPKD2L1, KIR); e. chemosensors involved in pungency and other chemesthesis sensation (cooling, warmth, heat, irritation) (TRPVs); f. others (e.g., K SP + sp channels, Na SP + sp channels, GPR40, GPR120, GPR84). Bitter taste was suggested as a predictor of antiinflammatory activity ([9]; [11]), while bitter taste receptors TAS2Rs showed recently anti-inflammatory effects ([37]; [19]). [Extracted from the article]

Disturbing or disrupting the regular healing process of a skin wound may result in its progression to a chronic state. Chronic wounds often lead to increased infection because of their long healing time, malnutrition, and insufficient oxygen flow, subsequently affecting wound progression. Gelatin-the main structure of natural collagen-is widely used in biomedical fields because of its low cost, wide availability, biocompatibility, and degradability. However, gelatin may exhibit diverse tailored physical properties and poor antibacterial activity. Research on gelatin-based biomaterials has identified the challenges of improving gelatin's poor antibacterial properties and low mechanical properties. In chronic wounds, gelatin-based biomaterials can promote wound hemostasis, enhance peri-wound antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, and promote vascular and epithelial cell regeneration. In this article, we first introduce the natural process of wound healing. Second, we present the role of gelatin-based biomaterials and gelatin as an additive in wound healing. Finally, we present the future implications of gelatin-based biomaterials., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Cao, Wang, Hao and Zhao.)

Rheumatic and autoimmune diseases are a group of immune system-related disorders wherein the immune system mistakenly attacks and damages the body's tissues and organs. This excessive immune response leads to inflammation, tissue damage, and functional impairment. Therapeutic approaches typically involve medications that regulate immune responses, reduce inflammation, alleviate symptoms, and target specific damaged organs. Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f., a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, has been widely studied in recent years for its application in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and multiple sclerosis. Numerous studies have shown that preparations of Tripterygium wilfordii have anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and immunosuppressive effects, which effectively improve the symptoms and quality of life of patients with autoimmune diseases, whereas the active metabolites of T. wilfordii have been demonstrated to inhibit immune cell activation, regulate the production of inflammatory factors, and modulate the immune system. However, although these effects contribute to reductions in inflammatory responses and the suppression of autoimmune reactions, as well as minimize tissue and organ damage, the underlying mechanisms of action require further investigation. Moreover, despite the efficacy of T. wilfordii in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, its toxicity and side effects, including its potential hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, warrant a thorough assessment. Furthermore, to maximize the therapeutic benefits of this plant in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and enable more patients to utilize these benefits, efforts should be made to strengthen the regulation and standardized use of T. wilfordii., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision, (Copyright © 2023 Shan, Zhao, Wei, Jiang, Xu, Chang, Xu, Shi, Zheng, Bian, Zhou, Schrodi, Guo and He.)

Quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxides (QdNOs) have manifold biological properties, including antimicrobial, antitumoral, antitrypanosomal and antiinflammatory/antioxidant activities. These diverse activities endow them broad applications and prospects in human and veterinary medicines. As QdNOs arouse widespread interest, the evaluation of their medicinal chemistry is still in progress. In the meantime, adverse effects have been reported in some of the QdNO derivatives. For example, genotoxicity and bacterial resistance have been found in QdNO antibacterial growth promoters, conferring urgent need for discovery of new QdNO drugs. However, the modes of actions of QdNOs are not fully understood, hindering the development and innovation of these promising compounds. Here, QdNOs are categorized based on the activities and usages, among which the antimicrobial activities are consist of antibacterial, antimycobacterial and anticandida activities, and the antiprotozoal activities include antitrypanosomal, antimalarial, antitrichomonas, and antiamoebic activities. The structure-activity relationship and the mode of actions of each type of activity of QdNOs are summarized, and the toxicity and the underlying mechanisms are also discussed, providing insight for the future research and development of these fascinating compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cocoa powder has twice more antioxidants than red wine and three times more than green tea. Ten prcent of its weight is made up of flavonoids. Cocoa has antioxidant and antiinflamatory effects by downregulating cyclooxigenase-2 receptors expression in the endothelium and enhancing nitric oxide bioavailability. There are evidences that while polyphenols ingestion have cardioprotective effects in the adult, it may have deleterious effect on the fetus if ingested by the mother on the third trimester of pregnancy, causing intrauterine fetal ductus arteriosus constriction.Polyphenols present in many foods and their anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities have been shown to be as or more powerful than those of indomethacin. These effects are dependent on the inhibition of modulation of the arachidonic acid and the synthesis of prostaglandins, especially E-2, which is responsible for fetal ductus arteriosus patency. So, we hypothesized that this same mechanism is responsible for the harmful effect of polyphenol-rich foods, such as cocoa, upon the fetal ductus arteriosus after maternal intake of such substances in the third trimester of pregnancy, thereby rising the perspective of a note of caution for pregnant women diet.

Quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxides (QdNOs) have manifold biological properties, including antimicrobial, antitumoral, antitrypanosomal and antiinflammatory/antioxidant activities. These diverse activities endow them broad applications and prospects in human and veterinary medicines. As QdNOs arouse widespread interest, the evaluation of their medicinal chemistry is still in progress. In the meantime, adverse effects have been reported in some of the QdNO derivatives. For example, genotoxicity and bacterial resistance have been found in QdNO antibacterial growth promoters, conferring urgent need for discovery of new QdNO drugs. However, the modes of actions of QdNOs are not fully understood, hindering the development and innovation of these promising compounds. Here, QdNOs are categorized based on the activities and usages, among which the antimicrobial activities are consist of antibacterial, antimycobacterial and anticandida activities, and the antiprotozoal activities include antitrypanosomal, antimalarial, antitrichomonas, and antiamoebic activities. The structure-activity relationship and the mode of actions of each type of activity of QdNOs are summarized, and the toxicity and the underlying mechanisms are also discussed, providing insight for the future research and development of these fascinating compounds.