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Blood flow restriction (BFR) combined with low-intensity strength training has been shown to increase skeletal muscle mass and strength in a variety of populations. BFR results in a robust metabolic stress which is hypothesized to induce muscle growth via increased recruitment of fast-twitch muscle fibers, a greater endocrine response, and/or enhancing the cellular swelling contribution to the hypertrophic process. Following exercise, neutrophils are the first immune cells to initiate the tissue remodeling process via several mechanisms including an increased production of cytokines and recruitment of monocytes/macrophages, which facilitate the phagocytosis of foreign particles, the differentiation of myoblasts, and the formation of new myotubes. Thus, the purpose of this review was to discuss the mechanisms through which metabolic stress and immune cell recruitment may induce skeletal muscle remodeling following BFR strength training.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T17:07:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-10-25 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) This study investigated the influence of short and moderate intervals of recovery with and without equated volume during an acute bout exhaustive strength exercise on metabolic, hormonal and inflammatory responses in healthy adults. Eight physically active men (23.5 +/- 3.1) performed three randomized sequences: Short (70% of 1 RM with 30s of rest): Moderate (70% of 1 RM with 90s of rest): and Volume-Equated Short (70% of 1 RM with 30s of rest between sets with a repetition volume equal to that performed in Moderate). All sequences of exercises were performed until movement failure in the squat, bench press and T-bar row exercises, respectively. Glucose, lactate, testosterone, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1ra, and MCP-1 levels were assessed at rest, immediate post-exercise, and 1 h post. There was a main effect of time for testosterone (p < 0.001). The post hoc indicated differences between post exercise and rest and post-1 h and post-exercise (p < 0.001). Lactate increased post-exercise when compared to pre and post-1 h (p < 0.001) and maintained higher post-1 h in relation to rest. IL-6 was greater post-exercise than rest (p = 0.045) and post-1 h and rest (p = 0.020). IL-10 was greater post exercise (p = 0.007) and post-1 h (p = 0.002) than rest. IL-1ra increased post-exercise in relation to rest (p = 0.003) and MCP-1 was greater post-exercise than rest (p < 0.001) and post-1 h (p = 0.043). There were no significant differences between conditions or interaction. Thus, both short and moderate intervals of recovery induced greater metabolic, hormonal and inflammatory responses after acute bout of exhaustive strength exercise in healthy adult. Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Physiotherapy, Sao Paulo, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Biosci, Dept Phys Educ, Rio Claro, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Phys Educ, Exercise & Immunometab Res Grp, Residente Prudente, Brazil Coastal Carolina Univ, Dept Kinesiol Recreat & Sport Studies, Conway, SC USA Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Physiotherapy, Sao Paulo, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Biosci, Dept Phys Educ, Rio Claro, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Phys Educ, Exercise & Immunometab Res Grp, Residente Prudente, Brazil FAPESP: 2013/25310-2