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Objectives: This study integrates the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality traits with the Health Belief Model (HBM) to examine associations among personality traits, cues to action, and vaccination intentions. Method: An online survey was conducted in April 2021, with 2,098 participants (mean age = 31.22 years, SD = 8.29) completing the study. The questionnaire assessed HBM constructs and the FFM personality traits. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to evaluate associations among ordinal variables, while Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) explored complex relationships between latent variables. Results: The findings indicate that self-efficacy (β = 0.198) and perceived barriers (β = 0.515) exert the most significant direct positive influences on vaccination intentions. Cues to action, particularly recommendations from family members (β = 0.113) and doctors (β = 0.092), also significantly affect vaccination intentions. Notably, personality traits indirectly influence vaccination intentions through self-efficacy and perceived barriers. Furthermore, agreeableness most significantly affects family suggestions, while neuroticism strongly influences recommendations from authority figures and healthcare providers, with extraversion notably impacting suggestions from peers. Conclusions: The study highlights the influence of personality traits on cues to action, with neuroticism linked to authority influence, extraversion to peer influence, and agreeableness to familial influence. These findings emphasize the importance of incorporating individual differences into public health policies and vaccination promotion strategies. Future research should further explore the effects of diverse personality traits and community-specific profiles on vaccination behaviors to enhance intervention effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The study investigates the effects of Rapid Weight Loss (RWL) on the levels of psychological resilience and mechanical pain sensitivity in elite kickboxers. The primary aim was to examine changes in psychological resilience subdimensions and pressure pain threshold (PPT) values in the thoracolumbar region before and after a one-month RWL period leading up to competition. Hypotheses included expectations of significant reductions in PPT values due to biomechanical and physiological changes during RWL, along with improvements in psychological resilience subdimensions due to structured routines and social support. Methods: Thirty-seven elite male athletes (age: 22.94 ± 1.98) participated in the study. Psychological resilience was assessed using the Psychological Resilience Scale for Adults, and mechanical pain sensitivity was evaluated through Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) measurements. Measurements were conducted before and after the RWL period, spanning one month prior to competition. Results: The results revealed significant PPT values across all thoracolumbar segments after RWL (p < 0.001). Cohen's d values indicated large effect sizes for these changes (d = 2.10–2.36). The L5 segment exhibited the largest PPT decrease (t = −10.45, d = 2.36), while the Th1 segment showed the smallest decrease (t = −8.23, d = 2.10). Measurements taken at 4 cm from the spine midline also demonstrated significant PPT reductions (p < 0.001), with the highest change recorded in the L5 segment (t = −9.78, d = 2.30). Psychological resilience subdimensions, including "structured style," "social competence," "future orientation," and "social resources," improved significantly after RWL (p < 0.05), while "family cohesion" and "personal strength" did not show significant changes. Athletes who previously ranked in tournaments exhibited higher psychological resilience, potentially due to enhanced self-confidence. Discussion: These findings align with literature suggesting that competitive success and optimism play crucial roles in resilience development. Personality traits and perceived social support further contributed to the observed resilience levels. This study highlights the multidimensional impact of RWL, emphasizing its detrimental effects on pain sensitivity and its mixed outcomes on psychological resilience. RWL-associated increases in mechanical hyperalgesia, especially in the lumbar region, were attributed to biomechanical and neurophysiological factors. Enhanced psychological resilience observed in certain subdimensions underscores the importance of structured and social support systems in mitigating RWL-induced stress. Future research should explore interventions to optimize resilience and manage pain during RWL periods, focusing on individualized support strategies for athletes. These findings contribute to understanding the interplay between psychological and physiological factors during RWL, practical insights for athletic training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Music performance anxiety (MPA) is a deeply personal and often debilitating experience, causing talented musicians to dread the very stages upon which they showcase their art. An increasing number of studies have addressed this anxiety phenomenon, however, definitions vary and the underlying causes remain unclear. According to the DSM-5, MPA is categorized as a specific subtype of social anxiety disorder, with a shared understanding that its development is shaped by predisposing vulnerabilities as well as external stressors and circumstances. This mini-review provides an overview of relevant literature on the multi-dimensional causes of MPA, with a particular focus on early life experiences and personality traits. It aims to address three key challenges in the field by emphasizing the importance of an enhanced investigation of formative life events, recognizing the (potentially) mediating effects of personalities, and highlighting the necessity to explore protective factors. Investigating early life experiences and personality traits in the context of MPA can deepen our understanding of its origin and development, offering valuable perspectives to tailor interventions, prevent the escalation of anxiety, and foster supportive environments conducive to the well-being and professional growth of musicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) is a new behavioral addiction. A large number of empirical studies have shown that Internet Gaming Disorder has a high level of comorbidity with other diseases, including depression, anxiety, obesity, internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems, however, little is known about the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relation. The current study adopted a three-time longitudinal study investing the mediating effect of relative deprivation on the association between peer rejection and IGD, and whether this mediating effect was moderated by the grit. Methods: A total of 1,065 students in China anonymously completed three-time longitudinal study questionnaires. The average age was 10.19 years (SD = 0.75) and the interval between measurements was 6 months.PROCESS for SPSS proposed by Hayes was used to test a moderated mediation model, with gender, age as covariates. Results: T1 peer rejection positively predicted T3 Internet Gaming Disorder. Relative deprivation at T2 plays a complete mediating role between peer rejection at T1 and Internet gaming disorder at T3. At the same time, it was found that the personality trait of T3 grit plays a moderating role in the relationship between T2 relative deprivation and T3 Internet gaming disorder. This suggests that peer rejection is an important predictor of Internet Gaming Disorder, and that individuals with high levels of grit are less likely to become addicted to Internet games even if they experience relative deprivation. Limitations: Measures of study variables were self-reported. Affected by factors such as social desirability, the research results may be biased. Conclusion: These findings emphasize relative deprivation as a potential mechanism linking peer rejection IGD. Grit was an important protective factor to weaken this indirect effect. Intervention programs aimed at reducing IGD may benefit from the current research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has suggested that individual characteristics, such as personality traits, are crucial for pro-environmental behaviors. However, the joint role of more specific environment-related individual dispositions on various pro-environmental behaviors has not yet been investigated and is the aim of this study. A total of 649 adults (18–59 years old) assessed their pro-environmental behaviors, personality traits, the connectedness to nature, attitudes toward exploration, and spatial anxiety. Personality traits (openness and conscientiousness) were related to some of the pro-environment behaviors (transportations and purchasing). Connectedness to nature was the factor most associated with the pro-environment behaviors (conservation, citizenship, purchasing). Moreover, newly we showed that attitudes toward exploration were associated with citizenship and purchasing behaviors. Overall, the results newly highlighted the importance of environment-related characteristics alongside general personality traits. Fostering environmental-related personality factors, such as connection to nature and attitudes towards exploration, may drive positive environmental action, suggesting novel approaches to build a more sustainable society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Several studies identified affect-regulatory qualities of deceptive placebos within negative and positive affect. However, which specific characteristics of an affect-regulatory framing impacts the placebo effect has not yet been subject to empirical investigations. In particular, it is unclear whether placebo- induced expectations of direct emotion inhibition or emotion regulation after emotion induction elicit stronger effects in affect regulation. Purpose: The aim of the study was to identify whether specifically framed expectations on the occurrence (antecedent-focused) vs. regulation capability (response-modulating) of affect, induced with an active placebo nasal-spray, have effects on affect-regulatory processes. Because personality traits have been suspected to influence placebo responses and affect regulation, an additional goal of the study was to examine modulating influences of shame proneness, level of depression, experiential avoidance, and emotional control. Methods: Healthy volunteers (n = 121) were randomized to either a deceptive placebo condition (antecedent-focused vs. response-modulating instruction) or a no-treatment control group before shame was experimentally induced via autobiographical recall. Groups were compared on outcomes of state shame, rumination, and cognitive flexibility. Results: Both antecedent-focused and response-modulating placebo framings influenced changes in state shame (b = 3.08, 95% CI = [0.80–5.92], p = 0.044), rumination (b = 4.80, 95% CI = [1.50–8.09], p ≤ 0.001) and cognitive flexibility outcomes (b = −3.63, 95% CI = [−6.75 – −0.51], p = 0.011) after shame-induction interventions. Only the antecedent-focused placebo response was modulated by personality traits. Experiential avoidance modulated shame experience (F (2,115) = 3.470, p = 0.031) whereas emotional control influenced the reports of state rumination (F (2,115) = 4.588, p = 0.012). No modulatory influences of levels of depression and shame proneness could be observed (ps > 0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that shame, rumination and cognitive flexibility can be positively influenced by placebo treatment in healthy subjects. Personality traits of emotional control and experiential avoidance influenced the placebo response of the antecedent-focused treatment rationale on outcomes individually. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov , identifier NCT05372744. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: As we all know, learning engagement is a key indicator for measuring the quality of students' learning outcome and assessing their learning effectiveness. However, the relationship among personality traits, emotion regulation, and learning engagement has not been thoroughly studied. Methods: This study aims to investigate the relationship among personality traits, emotion regulation and learning engagement. A questionnaire survey was conducted on some college students in Shandong Province, China. Results: The results show that: (1) there are no significant differences in Big Five Personality Traits, learning engagement, and emotion regulation by gender, grade level, and subject category to which the major belongs. (2) The personality traits of college students can directly affect learning engagement. (3) Emotion regulation partially mediates the relationship between personality traits and learning engagement. Discussion: The study reveals the importance of personality traits and emotion regulation on students' learning. It has a significant meaning in enhancing students' learning engagement level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study explores how personality traits and mindfulness facets interact to influence perceived stress, focusing on a Chinese adult sample. It aims to address gaps in understanding the combined effects of dispositional and mindfulness factors on stress. Methods: A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was employed. In the quantitative phase, 637 Chinese adults completed surveys measuring personality traits, mindfulness (attention, acceptance), and perceived stress. Hierarchical multiple regression, moderation, and mediation analyses were conducted. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews with selected participants provided deeper insights into the quantitative findings. Results: Neuroticism (β = 0.29, p < 0.001) and conscientiousness (β = 0.15, p < 0.01) were positively associated with perceived stress, while mindfulness-acceptance (β = −0.25, p < 0.001) was a significant negative predictor. Neuroticism and mindfulness-acceptance uniquely explained 8 and 6% of the variance in stress, respectively. Mindfulness-attention moderated the relationship between agreeableness and stress, amplifying agreeableness' stress-buffering effect in individuals with low mindfulness-attention. Mediation analysis revealed mindfulness-acceptance partially mediated the agreeableness-stress link. Qualitative interviews underscored the role of personality and mindfulness in shaping stress responses and coping mechanisms. Conclusion: The findings highlight mindfulness-acceptance as a critical factor in reducing stress, particularly in individuals with agreeable personalities. These results support the development of mindfulness-based interventions targeting acceptance to enhance stress resilience across diverse personality profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the frame of the inner–outer (personal–social) dichotomy in theories of social or personality psychology, it is argued in this study that, as a new approach, it is reasonable to examine individual differences in tending to orient toward another outer facet, not just social, i.e., the surrounding socio-physical environment while defining the self-concept—first performing it at the level of place-scaled meaningful settings, thus, interpreting place identity in the context of identity orientations. The present research aimed to theoretically and methodologically support a new concept based on this approach: place identity orientation (PIO). For the latter purpose, the development process of the questionnaire measuring it, which was based on supplementing the Aspects of Identity Questionnaire (AIQ-IV), was completed. In addition, the new construct was validated based on the relationships discussed in literature between place identity, connectedness with a larger-scaled environment, i.e., nature, and pro-environmental behavior (PEB), moreover, identity orientations and behavior. In our first scanning step of validating PIO, a partial mediation between PIO and PEB through nature connectedness was found among 1,281 adults. It suggests that the relative importance of the relationship with places in self-definition has a distinct role in addition to nature connectedness in behaving pro-environmentally. Limitations and future research directions (e.g., using PIO to examine people–environment fit in several settings) are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, work engagement garnered significant attention from both the business community and academia. Drawing on conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study investigates the mechanisms and boundary conditions through which conscientiousness influences work engagement. Through an empirical survey of 376 employees, the study found that, first, conscientiousness positively predicts employees' work engagement; second, presenteeism partially mediates the relationship between conscientiousness and work engagement; third, perceived organizational support (POS) negatively moderates the relationship between conscientiousness and presenteeism while positively moderating the relationship between presenteeism and work engagement; fourth, POS moderates the indirect effect of conscientiousness on work engagement via presenteeism, whereas the mediated relationship is weakened when employees exhibit a higher POS. These findings advance our theoretical and practical knowledge of how personality traits and situational factors jointly affect employees' work engagement, providing empirical data for a dialectical perspective on conscientious employees and enhancing their work engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between personality and peer-rated team role behavior on the one hand and team role behavior and verbal behavior on the other hand. To achieve this, different data types were collected in fifteen professional teams of four members (N = 60) from various private and public organizations in Flanders, Belgium. Participants' personalities were assessed using a workplace-contextualized personality questionnaire based on the Big Five, including domains and facets. Typical team role behavior was assessed by the team members using the Team Role Experience and Orientation peer rating system. Verbal interactions of nine of the teams (n = 36) were recorded in an educational lab setting, where participants performed several collaborative problem-solving tasks as part of a training. To process these audio data, a coding scheme for collaborative problem solving and linguistic inquiry and word count were used. We identified robust links and logical correlation patterns between personality traits and typical team role behaviors, complementing prior research that only focused on self-reported team behavior. For instance, a relatively strong correlation was found between Altruism and the Team builder role. Next, the study reveals that role taking within teams is associated with specific verbal interaction patterns. For example, members identified as Organizers were more engaged in responding to others' ideas and monitoring execution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practice of meditation has grown in popularity around the world in recent decades. However, standard and untailored meditative practices are recommended for all practitioners, regardless of their personality traits or characteristics. No scientific attempts have been made to match specific meditation types with personality. This paper summarizes the limited proposals relevant to this subject in contemplative traditions such as Buddhism and schools of humanistic and transpersonal thought, including the Enneagram. We also discuss future research directions in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased psychological distress. Transdiagnostic factors, including childhood trauma, maladaptive personality traits (MPTs), mentalizing, and emotion dysregulation are considered relevant to the development and maintenance of mental health problems. These factors probably play a significant role in individuals' reactions to pandemic-related distress (PR distress). The aim of this study is to examine the associations with these transdiagnostic factors in relation to PR distress and psychopathological symptoms. Materials and methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, we investigated a convenience sample of 6,451 adults (mean age = 44.1; SD = 11.8; 69.1% female, 30.3% male, 0.01% diverse) recruited via social media platforms in German-speaking countries (August 2020 – February 2021) by utilizing self-report instruments (PID5BF+, MentS, DERS-SF, PHQ-9, GAD-7, a composite PR distress score). Structural equation modeling was performed for data analysis. Results: The results revealed significant associations between different types of childhood trauma and MPTs (−0.14 < β < 0.48) as well as a parallel mediation of the relationship between MPTs and psychopathological symptoms via mentalizing (βanxiety = −0.03; βdepression = 0.01) and emotion dysregulation (βanxiety = 0.24; βdepression = 0.23). Discussion: Mentalizing and emotion dysregulation seem to play a significant role in relation between childhood trauma and MPTs and psychopathological symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, transdiagnostic factors may be a valuable target for the development of interventions aiming to reduce psychological distress related to a pandemic or other crises events. Specific prevention and intervention methods that target emotion dysregulation and mentalizing could help vulnerable individuals, particularly those with childhood trauma and MPTs, to protect against or alleviate the detrimental effects of PR distress on their mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Trypophobia refers to the visual discomfort (e.g., disgust or anxiety) experienced by some people when viewing clusters of bumps or holes. The spectral profile framework suggests that the spectral components of clustered patterns induces trypophobia. In contrast, the cognitive framework speculates that cognitive appraisal of dangerous objects (e.g., ectoparasites) causes trypophobia. A background effect (e.g., more disgust toward trypophobic patterns on the skin than on a desk) seems to support the cognitive framework. However, there is no study providing objective evidence for that effect and verifying these frameworks at the same time. This study aims to address that limitation by psychometric and eye-tracking experiments. Methods: We recruited 183 participants from colleges. Initially, participants finished a personality questionnaire. The cohort then completed an eye-tracking experiment which showed the trypophobic pattern of lotus seed on three categories of background images (objects, animals and human bodies). Finally, participants rated the image's disgust and arousal levels using a self-assessment rating scale. Meanwhile, we compared all images' luminosity and power spectra. Results: Trypophobic images with the human body or animal backgrounds induced a higher level of disgust and arousal than those with the object backgrounds. Participants gazed faster and dwelled longer at the trypophobic patterns on human body images than on object or animal images. Furthermore, trypophobic images with human body or animal backgrounds induced more substantial pupil dilation than those upon object backgrounds. No significant difference was detected between the power of trypophobic images with human body backgrounds and objects backgrounds. As the trypophobic images with human body backgrounds induced significant emotional or visual responses compared to those with inanimate object backgrounds. Such inconsistent results imply that the differential emotional or visual responses to trypophobic images are probably not induced by the difference in power spectra. Finally, the disgust/arousal level toward trypophobic images did not correlate with personality traits. Conclusion: These results supported the background effect of trypophobia, namely, trypophobic images with animal or human body backgrounds induce more severe disgust and cause more arousal than those with object backgrounds. Our results support the cognitive, but not spectral profile, framework of trypophobia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eating disorders comprise an array of mental disturbance with profound implications for individuals' psychophysical and societal well-being. Extensive research has elucidated the role of the Big Five personality traits in explaining individual differences in the risk of eating disorders, overshadowing alternative personality taxonomies, such as the Dark Triad - DT (i.e., Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism). Accordingly, the current study aimed to address the association between DT and the risk of eating disorders, also exploring the potential involvement of body uneasiness as captured in terms of weight phobia (fear of being or becoming fat), body image concerns (worries related to physical appearance), avoidance (body image related avoidance behaviors), compulsive self-monitoring (compulsive checking of physical appearance), and depersonalization (detachment and estrangement feelings towards one's own body). By using an online cross-sectional design, data were gathered from 419 participants. Results indicated that among the three dimensions of DT, only narcissism exhibited a positive correlation with the risk of eating disorders, while only weight phobia mediated this association. These findings yield theoretical implications extending the knowledge about the role of DT and body uneasiness in the risk of eating disorders. These results also have implications for tailoring prevention or treatment strategies to reduce the risk of eating disorders. Limitations and avenues for future research directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Inappropriate reactive (provoked) aggression is common in various psychiatric disorders, including Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and, to a lesser extent, Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Less is known about proactive (unprovoked) aggression in these patients, with mixed findings in the literature. Drawing from the current evidence, we expect higher trait aggression in both patient groups and higher behavioral proactive aggression and physiological arousal in patients with BPD compared to both MDD and healthy participants (HC). Methods: We investigated behavioral and psychophysiological correlates of proactive aggression in 23 patients with MDD, 20 with BPD, and 21 HC using a proactive version of the Taylor Aggression Paradigm (pTAP). The pTAP consists of reaction time games in which only the participant can interfere with the ostensible opponent's performance by modifying the blurriness of the opponent's screen. The levels of blurriness chosen by participants reflect their proactive aggression. We collected self-report measures of aggression and other personality traits. We further adopted a transdiagnostic approach by clustering participants based on proactive aggression characteristics. Results: Both patient groups reported higher trait aggression than HC but not higher aggression in the task nor differences in the associated physiological arousal. Trial-by-trial mixed model analyses revealed that the group characterized by higher proactive aggression traits behaved more aggressively after losing, suggesting a role of frustration or sensitivity to loss. Discussion: Our study confirms that patients with MDD and BPD report higher aggression than HC despite the absence of observable behavioral and psychophysiological differences and highlights the ubiquity of proactive aggression characteristics across diagnoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communion and agency are two essential dimensions for understanding personality traits. This study comprised 49 in-depth interviews and three focus groups with experienced social workers in China to address the following research questions: (1) What is the orientation of Chinese social workers towards communion and agency? (2) What challenges do they encounter in their daily practice? (3) How do they interpret and utilize agency in coping with these challenges? The findings revealed three main themes: (a) Participants demonstrated a clear preference for communion over agency, reflecting a strong orientation towards social concern; (b) The professional challenges faced by participants varied significantly across career stages, with distinct requirements for agency at each stage; and (c) Participants' understanding of agency was primarily rooted in professional competence. At different career stages, participants displayed varying levels of professional competence and agency, both of which were essential for addressing social concerns and developing strategies for long-term professional survival. The study suggests that social workers need to balance social concerns with individual development, view social work rationally as an ordinary job, and focus on enhancing both their professional competence and personal agency to achieve their aspirations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proliferation of short video apps has brought to the forefront the issue of adolescent addiction, a challenge that resonates across Chinese society. Despite growing attention, a comprehensive understanding of the factors propelling addiction at various adolescent stages and its impact on academic performance remains scarce. This study aims to fill this void by identifying key growth stages and crafting targeted intervention strategies. Our investigation engaged 1,896 Chinese students, averaging 15 years old, at pivotal educational junctures. Employing a mixed-method approach, we utilized interviews and surveys, enhanced by fixed effects models and instrumental variables, to discern patterns in short video addiction. The study revealed stage-specific catalysts for addiction: social identity in junior high, academic stress in senior high, and personality traits in university students. A concerning trend was the double and triple rate of severe addiction among senior high students compared to their junior high and university counterparts, respectively, with a peak of 52.7% mild addiction in university. Our predictive model provides a holistic perspective on the drivers of addiction. This groundbreaking analysis delineates the complex interplay of adolescent short video addiction in China, under-scoring its profound implications for academic progression in senior high. The findings under-score the urgent need for tailored interventions to counteract the adverse effects of addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The happiness and well-being of individuals are among the most important components of life. However, there remains a lack of evidence regarding the relationships between students' happiness, vigor, and self-esteem on the one hand and various complex factors on the other hand. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 397 students from various Lithuanian universities. We determined students' happiness, self-esteem, vigor, healthy lifestyles, perceived stress, personality traits, academic achievements and motivation by using validated scales. Results and discussion: The study indicates that while happiness and self-esteem are not linked to healthy lifestyles, vigor is positively associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and healthy eating, and negatively with body mass index (BMI). Happiness and vigor inversely relate to stress, and happiness and self-esteem inversely relate to depression. Vigor is positively related to extraversion, and self-esteem to neuroticism. Happiness, vigor, and self-esteem are not linked to academic achievements, but happiness relates to non-utilitarian decisions, and self-esteem to emotional intelligence and non-utilitarian decisions. Happiness, vigor, self-esteem were not linked to intrinsic motivation to study, but self-esteem was inversely related to amotivation and childhood violence. This study fills the research gap and deepens the understanding of what determines students' happiness and vigor, and self-esteem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Some children between ages 3 and 6 claim to have memories of purported past lives. Prior research has documented this phenomenon in detail, including typical features and how it can manifest in the child's life. However, less is known about what happens to these children as they transition to adulthood and whether this childhood experience may impact their lives. Methods: We conducted the first observational follow-up study of American adults (N = 23) who were originally interviewed as children regarding their claims of past-life memories. Using online surveys with validated self-report questionnaires and a phone interview, we assessed personality traits, subjective well-being, and the impact of these memories on various domains in their lives. Results: Adults who reported apparent past-life memories as children seem to lead normal, productive lives and have high educational attainment compared to the general population. They exhibit moderate-to-high levels of spiritual well-being, and slightly elevated, but not pathological, dissociation and fantasy proneness, compared to unselected samples. Sixty-five percent endorsed some impact of the purported memories in their lives, with few reporting negative effects. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that the degree of impact of this experience was positively associated with the trait of absorption. Conclusion: This study offers a first glimpse into the lives of American individuals touched by this intriguing childhood experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In recent decades, researchers have assessed the relationship between mindfulness and personality traits, including neuroticism, a known target in mental health associated with the development of mental health disorders and physical illnesses. The main aim of mindfulness practice is to help individuals develop the ability to regulate and accept their experiences, emotions, and thoughts. Therefore, it could be suggested that mindfulness may be useful in reducing the expression and negative experience of neuroticism. The aim of our review was to assess the relationship between neuroticism and mindfulness. Methods: We conducted a scoping review of the literature in December 2023, using the databases PubMed and PsycINFO. Results: Forty-nine studies were included in the review, with four common themes identified: (i) mental health, (ii) cognitive outcomes, (iii) physiological symptoms, and (iv) mindfulness-based interventions. Across most of the studies, mindfulness negatively correlated with neuroticism, supporting the idea that mindfulness may be useful in reducing neuroticism and its negative effects on mental and physical health. Discussion: While several limitations were identified, the overall results are promising. Future research in this area should focus on overcoming the current limitations to provide a better understanding of the relationship between mindfulness and neuroticism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescence is crucial for personality development, and sports play a significant role. This study investigates the impact of various sports on the personality traits of junior high and high school students in Shandong Province, focusing on neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Utilizing data from the "Database of Youth Health," we employed Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) and Generalized Structural Equation Modeling (GSEM) to analyze the effects of physical activity on personality development. Findings reveal that walking significantly enhances openness and decreased neuroticism, while jogging/running substantially improves extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Cross-country skiing, however, negatively impacts all assessed personality traits. In addition, the importance of gender differences in the relationship between physical activity and personality development was revealed. The results offer insights for promoting adolescent personality development through targeted sports activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Each one of us is confronted with warnings of danger or threats to wellbeing in our everyday life, whether in the form of certain road signs, Public Service Announcements, ominous changes in bodily functioning, or cautionary tales heard from family or friends. There is great inter-individual variation in how people respond to such threats, with some people habitually tending to ignore or dismiss them, often to their peril. The first purpose of the present paper is to review several studies showing that individuals—most often men—who score very low on measures of trait anxiety are more likely to engage in behaviors that could jeopardize their physical wellbeing. The general hypothesis that is derived from that review is that when attention to everyday threats is chronically muted by way of a dispositional trait, the likelihood of proceeding down some dangerous path is increased. Those findings are then discussed within the broader context of personality theory to highlight the importance of recognizing the bipolarity of common traits. Here the case is made for replacing the term trait anxiety with the term threat sensitivity in order to capture the full breadth of this basic personality variable. A discussion of the neurobiological underpinnings of threat sensitivity is then presented with an emphasis on individual and sex differences in the workings of the defensive survival circuitry. Taken together, this paper has implications for two subfields within psychology. For the area of personality theory, this paper provides support for the adaptationist view with the argument that low threat sensitivity has both adaptive and maladaptive potential. For the area of health psychology, it is argued that some individuals who demonstrate a habitual tendency to neglect their physical wellbeing may be acting—at least in part—in accordance with their innate neurobiological constitution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Problem gambling is associated with various negative health behaviors, such as physical inactivity. However, physical activity may also be used as a coping mechanism to manage stress and anxiety. This study aimed to investigate whether personality traits are associated with physical activity levels in individuals attending a rehabilitation center for gambling disorder (GD). Methods: An observational study was conducted in 71 patients belonging to a Gamblers' Recovery Association. All of them completed a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Exploratory Personality Questionnaire-III (CEPER-III) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Comparisons with general population and association between personality traits and physical activity were analyzed. Results: The study sample predominantly consisted of male participants (91.5%), with the majority having an educational attainment of compulsory schooling or less (70.4%). Additionally, a substantial proportion of participants exhibited school-related problems (43.7%) and had a history of mental health issues (33.8%). Compared to the general population, individuals in the CEPER-III cohort demonstrated significantly lower scores in the following personality traits: paranoid (p < 0.05), histrionic (p < 0.001), narcissistic (p < 0.001), passive-aggressive (p < 0.05), and sadistic (p < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the antisocial, borderline, obsessive-compulsive, and self-destructive personality traits were significantly associated (p < 0.05) with the level of physical activity. Conclusion: This study found a link between personality traits and physical activity levels in patients with GD. Gamblers with higher scores on obsessive-compulsive and self-destructive personality traits were more likely to fall into the moderate-high physical activity group. In contrast, those with higher scores on antisocial and borderline personality traits were more likely to be classified in the low physical activity group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Personality is a rather neglected aspect in bed rest studies. The aim of the study was to clarify which specific personality pattern may predict the performance of bed rest study participants. Materials and methods: Personality traits were correlated with participants' performance rated by the team running the study. The sample consisted of N = 68 participants who took part in one of four different studies. A broad set of personality traits correlated with different performance aspects (stability, perseverance, modesty, flexibility, compliance, likability, social adaptation). Results: Emotional instability showed the highest correlations. Furthermore, participants with low aggressiveness, low empathy and low achievement motivation were rated as more suitable for a study. Additionally, participants with a high extraversion showed a higher social adaptation. Discussion: The results contribute to the knowledge of the impact of personality in extremely demanding environments and provide first evidence for the identification of an ideal personality profile predicting performance of bed rest study participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explain the variability in organizational commitment by examining a range of individual and organizational factors. The predictors include personality traits from the HEXACO model, organizational orientations, subjective wellbeing, perceived employment uncertainty, duration of employment, and income satisfaction. The sample consisted of 1,127 employees, with 49.4% from the private sector and 50.6% from the public/state-owned sector. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the models were statistically significant for both sectors. Public sector employees demonstrated higher levels of continuance commitment, likely due to job security, while private sector employees exhibited higher levels of affective and normative commitment. The model accounted for 51.8% of the variance in organizational commitment for public sector employees and 39.2% for private sector employees. These findings underscore the distinct commitment patterns between sectors and emphasize the role of both dispositional and contextual factors in shaping organizational commitment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The study aims to evaluate personality characteristics, self-efficacy, and medication adherence in Chinese patients with hypertension, while also investigating how self-efficacy mediates the relationship between personality traits and medication adherence. Methods: This investigation included 787 Chinese patients diagnosed with hypertension, as reported in the "2021 China Family Health Index Survey Report." The study employed several assessment tools such as a General Information Questionnaire, the Brief Big Five Inventory (BFI-10), the New General Self-Efficacy Scale (NGSES), and the Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS). Statistical analyses encompassed the Mann–Whitney U test, chi-square test, multiple logistic regression, Spearman's rank correlation, standardized regression coefficients, and Bootstrap techniques. Results: (1) Individuals with debt, who also possess high levels of self-efficacy, tend to adhere more consistently to their medication regimens. (2) An analysis of personality traits indicated that Extroversion,Conscientiousness and Openness positively influences self-efficacy,while Agreeableness and Neuroticism negatively impacts it. (3) Self-efficacy plays a mediating role in the indirect relationship between personality traits such as Extroversion and neuroticism and medication adherence. Conclusion: In the context of Chinese adults, both self-efficacy and Extroversion positively influence medication adherence, whereas high levels of neuroticism adversely impact it. Furthermore, self-efficacy serves as a mediating factor in the linkage between personality traits and medication adherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Violence against women, particularly sexual violence, poses a significant public health concern. Predispositions toward perpetrating such acts often stem from the acceptance of myths that justify or deny these behaviours. This study aimed to explore how dark personality traits (narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and sadism) and pornography consumption relate to the acceptance of these myths. Methods: Surveying 598 participants, the research employed Latent Profile Analyses (LPA) to identify distinct population profiles, Additionally, regression analyses were employed to further explore the relationships among variables. Results: Three profiles emerged, showcasing varying degrees of acceptance of sexual aggression myths. The most concerning profile, encompassing 9.2% of participants, displayed the highest alignment with these myths, alongside elevated scores in dark personality traits and pornography consumption. Notwithstanding the three profiles showed significant differences in the acceptance of these myths. Interestingly, the regression analysis highlighted that Machiavellianism stood out as the primary predictor for accepting sexual aggression myths, overshadowing the influence of pornography consumption. Conclusion: This emphasizes the role of personality traits in influencing attitudes towards sexual aggression myths. Moreover, implications for tailored prevention strategies, focusing on high-risk profiles, are discussed, highlighting the potential for targeted interventions to address harmful beliefs and behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Short video addiction (SVA) among college students is influenced by personality traits, namely, neuroticism and agreeableness. However, the role of depression and anxiety as mediators remains unclear. Objective: This study aims to explore the mediating role of comorbid depression and anxiety in the relationship between different dimensions of university students' personalities and SVA. Methods: The SPSS PROCESS was utilized to analyze data from 804 university students across seven universities in China. Results: The findings show that neuroticism, agreeableness, and extraversion in the personalities of Chinese university students are all significantly linked to SVA; neuroticism and agreeableness in the personalities of university students have a greater impact on SVA; both neuroticism and agreeableness can first induce depression and then lead to anxiety and SVA, whereas only agreeableness can first lead to anxiety and then result in depression and SVA. Conclusion: This study uncovers the intricate relationship between personality traits and SVA among college students, emphasizing depression and anxiety as critical chain mediators in this relationship. It reveals that neuroticism and agreeableness significantly influence SVA through specific pathways involving depression and anxiety, indicating that interventions targeting these traits are essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicidal ideation is a desire, thought, or conception that is closely associated with suicide, which is an important risk factor for suicidal behavior. Negative life events may impact college students' suicidal ideation. According to the suicide susceptibility-stress model, the interaction between susceptibility factors and stressors may influence college students' suicidal ideation. The present study investigated the role of entity theory and meaning in life in the influence of negative life events on suicidal ideation among college students. A nationwide questionnaire survey was conducted among 938 college students. The Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation, the Implicit Personality Theory Questionnaire, the Adolescent Life Events Scale, and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire were used. The results showed that negative life events were positively correlated with suicidal ideation, entity theory played a mediating role, and meaning in life moderated the mediation of entity theory. Finally, meaning in life and entity theory may bring some benefits to college students; that is, when faced with negative life events, meaning in life and entity theory may attenuate students' suicidal ideation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Research on sport psychology suggests that athletes are at risk of developing dysfunctional eating attitudes and behaviors (DEAB), however the origins of these behaviors remain largely unexplored. The present study aims to identify factors (i.e., personality traits, anxiety levels, eating attitudes and behaviors, the internalization of sport thinness norms, and resilience) associated with the development of DEAB among female endurance athletes, in training and competition. Method: A longitudinal follow-up study was conducted among 14 elite female athletes who were tested daily, weekly, and quarterly over 12 months in 2022, for a total of 545 measures. Participants completed questionnaires assessing personality traits, anxiety levels, eating attitudes and behaviors, the internalization of sport thinness norms, and resilience. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all study data, and odds ratios were conducted to compare the variance of psychological factors and sporting factors depending on the level of DEAB and the sport period. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Overall, 28% of our sample of athletes were identified with DEAB. Among those with DEAB, scores for agreeableness, anxiety, and competitive anxiety were significantly higher, while scores for resilience were significantly lower than those without DEAB. During the competitive season, scores for self-regulatory eating attitudes and the internalization of thinness norms were significantly higher than during the training period. Conclusion: Our results suggest a greater probability of DEAB among athletes who exhibit the trait of agreeableness, experience anxiety during competition, and lack resilience. The competitive season was also identified as a period conducive for developing DEAB compared with the training period. Based on these results our study suggests preventive measures that can be implemented with athletes displaying these traits, with a particular emphasis during the competitive phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The five-pattern personality traits rooted in the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have promising prospects for clinical application. However, they are currently assessed using a self-report scale, which may have certain limitations. Eye tracking technology, with its non-intrusive, objective, and culturally neutral characteristics, has become a powerful tool for revealing individual cognitive and emotional processes. Therefore, applying this technology for personality assessment is a promising approach. In this study, participants observed five emotional faces (anger, happy, calm, sad, and fear) selected from the Chinese Facial Affective Picture System. Utilizing artificial intelligence algorithms, we evaluated the feasibility of automatically identifying different traits of the five-pattern personality traits from participants' eye movement patterns. Based on the analysis of five supervised learning algorithms, we draw the following conclusions: The Lasso feature selection method and Logistic Regression achieve the highest prediction accuracy for most of the traits (TYa, SYa, SYi, TYi). This study develops a framework for predicting five-pattern personality traits using eye movement behavior, offering a novel approach for personality assessment in TCM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Basketball players are increasingly required not only to read the tactical actions that take place in a game but also to make correct tactical decisions. This includes greater creativity in the type of solutions they must provide when faced with various tactical situations. To acquire these skills, young players need training in which personality and general intelligence variables significantly influence the learning process. Methods: A Perceptual Tactical Training (PTT) program was implemented, correlated with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and the Raven's Progressive Matrices test, to observe improvements in tactical perception and decision-making among young basketball players. Results: The PTT produced significant improvements in tactical solutions and tactical perception for all players. Players who scored high in general intelligence found it easier to perceive tactical situations but struggled to generate original tactical solutions. Conversely, players with high psychoticism and high general intelligence were more capable of creating innovative tactical solutions but did not excel in perceiving tactical game situations. Conclusion: Therefore, it is crucial to be aware of the individual differences in intelligence and personality traits among young players to enhance their tactical decision-making and creative abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding public perception of technology is crucial to aligning research, development, and governance of technology. This article introduces micro scenarios as an integrative method to evaluate mental models and social acceptance across numerous technologies and concepts using a few single-item scales within a single comprehensive survey. This approach contrasts with traditional methods that focus on detailed assessments of as few as one scenario. The data can be interpreted in two ways: Perspective (1): Average evaluations of each participant can be seen as individual differences, providing reflexive measurements across technologies or topics. This helps in understanding how perceptions of technology relate to other personality factors. Perspective (2): Average evaluations of each technology or topic can be interpreted as technology attributions. This makes it possible to position technologies on visuo-spatial maps to simplify identification of critical issues, conduct comparative rankings based on selected criteria, and to analyze the interplay between different attributions. This dual approach enables the modeling of acceptance-relevant factors that shape public opinion. It offers a framework for researchers, technology developers, and policymakers to identify pivotal factors for acceptance at both the individual and technology levels. I illustrate this methodology with examples from my research, provide practical guidelines, and include R code to enable others to conduct similar studies. This paper aims to bridge the gap between technological advancement and societal perception, offering a tool for more informed decision-making in technology development and policy-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aesthetic experience is an altered state of consciousness characterized by a detached absorption in an aesthetic object; it is a pleasant—sometimes ecstatic—liberation from the self and its agenda. I briefly review perceptual-cognitive and affective approaches used by psychologists to understand the phenomenon and suggest the need for a volitional perspective. To illustrate the nature and scope of aesthetic experience, I discuss nine varieties, elicited by different qualities in objects and evoking distinctive responses in perceivers. Over centuries, aesthetic devices have been developed that induce the aesthetic state by manipulating such psychological mechanisms as attention, appraisal, and empathy. I propose explanations for how several important devices operate, and why they are particularly effective in individuals high in the personality trait of Openness to Experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The better-than-average effect (BTAE) refers to the phenomenon where individuals perceive themselves as better than the average person. This effect has been independently examined in terms of social perception dimension and motivation. Additionally, no psychobehavioral traits have been found to be associated with the BTAE in the moral domain. However, the interactive effects of social perception dimension and motivation on the BTAE remain unclear, and its association with a broad range of psychobehavioral traits has not been extensively validated. In this study, we assess self-and average other-evaluations across four domains, based on two social perception dimensions and two motivations, to investigate their interactive effects on the BTAE (n = 678). We measured seven sets of psychobehavioral characteristics to examine their association with the BTAE, as well as self-and other-evaluations. Results indicated that the BTAE occurred only under negative moral conditions, while the worse-than-others effect was observed under two competence conditions. Furthermore, the BTAE was associated with only a few psychobehavioral characteristics in the moral domains, compared to many in the competence domains. Notably, both self-and other-evaluations were correlated with many trust-relevant characteristics in the moral domains. These findings suggest that sociocultural dynamics may influence the BTAE differently across various domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Existing research indicates that the personality traits of miners influence their emotional regulation strategies, and these strategies in turn affect their performance in work fatigue. However, whether there is an intermediary or moderating role among these factors remains unclear. Additionally, while some studies suggest an increased likelihood of unsafe behavior among miners following fatigue, physiological data concerning their cognition remains incomplete and requires further exploration. This study aims to explore the mediating and moderating effects of emotional regulation strategies among miners regarding their personality traits and work fatigue, and to expand understanding of the cognitive and physiological data related to miners’ risk decision-making following fatigue. Method: Fifty adult miners (Mage  =  25, aged 18–40, 100% male) were selected as participants. Emotional regulation tendency, significant levels of personality traits based on the Big Five Personality Traits questionnaire, and the three-dimensional levels of work fatigue were measured using emotional regulation strategy scale, Big Five Personality Traits questionnaire, and work fatigue scale, respectively. The eye–brain consistency hypothesis posits that eye movement trajectories and fixation points reflect the brain’s cognitive processes and focus. Therefore, combining eye-tracking experiments, miners’ preferences in risk decision-making were further measured. Results: Expressive suppression strategies mediated between conscientiousness and depersonalization; expressive suppression strategies moderated between agreeableness and emotional exhaustion. In eye-tracking physiological experiments, significant differences were found in eye movement data among miners with varying levels of emotional exhaustion. Conclusion: Preferences in emotional regulation strategies play mediating and moderating roles between miners’ Big Five Personality Traits and work fatigue. The levels and dimensions of work fatigue are influenced not only by personality traits but also by individual tendencies in emotional regulation strategies, which significantly affect performance in risk decision-making. The findings of this study can further enrich theories related to work fatigue among miners and provide insights for personalized safety management in mining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study explores the gender differences in psychological stress perception and autonomic modulation among teachers. Methods: Utilizing heart rate variability (HRV) as a measure of autonomic function and a suite of validated psychological tests, the study examines the discrepancies in stress, anxiety, burnout, and personality traits between male and female educators. Results: Results indicate that despite higher reported levels of stress and anxiety, women demonstrate a higher HRV, suggesting a stronger parasympathetic response. Discussion: These findings highlight the complex interplay between psychological stressors and physiological responses, emphasizing the need for gender-specific interventions in stress management within the educational sector. Implications for enhancing educators' well-being and performance through tailored strategies are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicidal ideation is a desire, thought, or conception that is closely associated with suicide, which is an important risk factor for suicidal behavior. Negative life events may impact college students' suicidal ideation. According to the suicide susceptibility-stress model, the interaction between susceptibility factors and stressors may influence college students' suicidal ideation. The present study investigated the role of entity theory and meaning in life in the influence of negative life events on suicidal ideation among college students. A nationwide questionnaire survey was conducted among 938 college students. The Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation, the Implicit Personality Theory Questionnaire, the Adolescent Life Events Scale, and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire were used. The results showed that negative life events were positively correlated with suicidal ideation, entity theory played a mediating role, and meaning in life moderated the mediation of entity theory. Finally, meaning in life and entity theory may bring some benefits to college students; that is, when faced with negative life events, meaning in life and entity theory may attenuate students' suicidal ideation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The five-pattern personality traits rooted in the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have promising prospects for clinical application. However, they are currently assessed using a self-report scale, which may have certain limitations. Eye tracking technology, with its non-intrusive, objective, and culturally neutral characteristics, has become a powerful tool for revealing individual cognitive and emotional processes. Therefore, applying this technology for personality assessment is a promising approach. In this study, participants observed five emotional faces (anger, happy, calm, sad, and fear) selected from the Chinese Facial Affective Picture System. Utilizing artificial intelligence algorithms, we evaluated the feasibility of automatically identifying different traits of the fivepattern personality traits from participants' eye movement patterns. Based on the analysis of five supervised learning algorithms, we draw the following conclusions: The Lasso feature selection method and Logistic Regression achieve the highest prediction accuracy for most of the traits (TYa, SYa, SYi, TYi). This study develops a framework for predicting five-pattern personality traits using eye movement behavior, offering a novel approach for personality assessment in TCM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between personality and peer-rated team role behavior on the one hand and team role behavior and verbal behavior on the other hand. To achieve this, different data types were collected in fifteen professional teams of four members (N = 60) from various private and public organizations in Flanders, Belgium. Participants' personalities were assessed using a workplace-contextualized personality questionnaire based on the Big Five, including domains and facets. Typical team role behavior was assessed by the team members using the Team Role Experience and Orientation peer rating system. Verbal interactions of nine of the teams (n = 36) were recorded in an educational lab setting, where participants performed several collaborative problem-solving tasks as part of a training. To process these audio data, a coding scheme for collaborative problem solving and linguistic inquiry and word count were used. We identified robust links and logical correlation patterns between personality traits and typical team role behaviors, complementing prior research that only focused on self-reported team behavior. For instance, a relatively strong correlation was found between Altruism and the Team builder role. Next, the study reveals that role taking within teams is associated with specific verbal interaction patterns. For example, members identified as Organizers were more engaged in responding to others' ideas and monitoring execution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies on gestures and personality suggest an ambiguous picture of the effects of the various personality dimensions on the different types of speechgestures and adaptors. In foreign language learning an additional variable to take into account is proficiency, which some studies have shown to affect gestures. In this study, we explore how various intrinsic variables, including personality, proficiency, gender and age affect the gestures of 61 Cantonese speakers of English as a second language. Participants were asked to narrate a video cartoon. Their proficiency and the frequency of gestures produced was based on those narrations. A functional categorization of gestures was followed, dividing them into semantic and discursive, and that also noted adaptors and micro-gestures, referred to as "flutters." Personality was self-reported using the 44 question Big-Five inventory. Correlations and a series of generalized linear models were developed to explore the interplay between variables. Agreeableness was found to be positively correlated with semantic gestures; and neuroticism and age were negatively correlated with flutter duration. Contrary to the findings from previous studies, no significant relationships were found between neuroticism and adaptors or semantic gestures, nor between extraversion or openness and semantic gestures. Proficiency and gender had little effect on gestures. As personality has been shown to be an important factor in gesture production in mother tongue speakers, we expected to also see a similar result with foreign language speakers, this not being so suggests that other variables, aside from those tested, should be considered. In particular, the results suggest that emotion and emotional constructs, such as anxiety, self-confidence or empathy, might have a greater impact on gesture production than proficiency or personality, a point which should be taken into account especially in language evaluation contexts or professional contexts with second language speakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data on the relationship between personality traits and athletes' level of sportsmanship are not sufficiently documented. Therefore, it is reasonable to look for differences in personality traits between athletes from different levels: amateur, competitive and professional, as these groups of athletes function differently on a daily basis. Therefore, the aim of this article was to gain knowledge about the relationship between personality traits and the sporting level of athletes. The experiment examined male and female athletes (N = 119) aged 19-34, including 100 Polish professional athletes: 30 basketball players, 40 football players, 30 kyokushin style karate competitors; and 19 professional athletes (among them were the elite: 3 Olympic medallists): 4-person Polish Biathlon Team, 7-person Polish Luge Team, 8-person Swiss Mountain Bike (MTB) Team. The NEO-FFI Personality Questionnaire was used. Analyses were performed with the IBM SPSS Statistics 29.0 package at a statistical significance of a = 0.05. Significant differences were found in comparisons between groups of athletes: football players and karate competitors (in severity of neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness), football players and basketball players (in severity of neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, conscientiousness), football players and lugers (in severity of agreeableness), football players and mountain bikers (in severity of neuroticism). One significant difference was noted in the comparisons between athletes from different levels: competitive athletes had higher neuroticism severity than elite athletes. A weak and negative correlation between neuroticism and sporting levels was verified. But no correlation was shown between personality traits and the likelihood of becoming a professional. It was concluded that the observed differences between the studied groups of athletes could be derived from the specifics of the different sports. The elite are characterised by a lower intensity of neuroticism in relation to the competitive athletes, which can be seen in the relationship: the lower the neuroticism, the higher the sporting level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The main purpose of the present study was to validate the Slovenian version of the 41-item Capacity to Love Inventory (CTL-I). Based on psychoanalytic theory, limitations to capacity to love are expected to be associated with personality dysfunction and disintegration as well as fundamental mental capacities such as self-reflection and self-awareness. Method: To examine these assumptions, a sample of 552 Slovenian non-clinical individuals were recruited through academic networks. The construct validity of the CTL-I was assessed using a confirmatory factor analysis and convergent validity of the CTL-I and its subscales was established against IPO-16, PID-5 BF, MAAS. Results: Our findings show that the Slovenian version of the CTL-I replicated the six-factor structure, exhibiting good model fit as well as satisfactory internal consistency of all subscales. In line with expectations, capacity to love was found to be inversely associated with dysfunctional personality traits and structural personality disturbances. Accordingly, higher dispositional mindfulness was coherently associated with all domains of CTL-I. Conclusion: The results add to the growing evidence for the cross-cultural validity and sound psychometric properties of CTL-I, presented here in the Slovenian version. Our findings also point to the significance of dispositional mindfulness both in relation to capacity to love as well as mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compulsion stands as a central symptom of drug addiction; however, only a small fraction of individuals who use drugs exhibit compulsive characteristics. Differences observed in Sign-trackers (ST) and Goal-trackers (GT) during Pavlovian conditioning may shed light on individual variances in drug addiction. Here, we focus on the behavioral attributes, formation processes, and neural mechanisms underlying ST and how they drive addiction toward compulsivity in humans. We will explore addiction from three interconnected levels: individual personality traits, social factors, and neurobiology. Furthermore, we distinguish between the processes of sensitization and habituation within ST. These nuanced distinctions across various aspects of addiction will contribute to our understanding of the addiction development process and the formulation of targeted preventive strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential adverse effects of problematic internet use (PIU) on individuals' offline personalities have been a significant concern in internet psychology. This study aimed to investigate the negative effects of PIU on shyness and the mediating role of self-regulation, as well as the moderating role of social comparison orientation. A total of 1,322 adolescents from China participated in the survey. The results indicated that: (1) PIU positively predicted shyness; (2) self-regulation partially mediated the relationship between PIU and shyness; (3) social comparison orientation moderated the mediation effect, specifically buffering the negative prediction of PIU on self-regulation, but exacerbating the negative predictive effect of self-regulation on shyness. The findings explored and verified the psychosocial effects of the internet, contributing to a deeper understanding of how PIU affects individual personality traits and offering insights into its role in broader social behavior patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study investigated how social support may mitigate the risk of procrastination, particularly among those high in intolerance of uncertainty. This study examined associations between personality traits, procrastination, and perceived social support among 394 undergraduate students. Participants completed self-reported measures of intolerance of uncertainty, procrastination, and social support from family, friends, and significant others. Regression analyses revealed a significant interaction between family social support and intolerance of uncertainty in predicting procrastination. Study findings have implications for understanding how familial support resources may reduce risks for procrastination in college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study investigates the differences in treatment perspectives of prison guards and mental health practitioners within a Psychiatric Prison Unit (PPU). Methods: This qualitative study uses questionnaires and focus groups to explore the relationships between prison guards (N = 4) and mental health professionals (N = 6) working at the Psychiatric Prison Unit in Zwolle, the Netherlands. Two questionnaires (the Recovery Attitude Questionnaire and the Recovery Knowledge Inventory) were completed by the participants. A selected subsample based on diverging beliefs concerning treatment perspectives was recruited for additional focus groups. The dialogues were transcribed and coded into a comprehensive scheme. Responses were analyzed to describe perceptions and attitudes of respondents towards forensic care. Results: This study identified three main themes: policy, communication, and person-dependent factors. Understaffing and high turnover rates in the correctional facility led to prioritization of safety concerns over treatment objectives. Guards and mental health professionals had different communication styles which hindered the alignment of treatment goals. Person-dependent factors, including personality traits and individual attributes, were significant in shaping collaborative interactions. Conclusion: This study reveals agreement in the viewpoints between prison guards and mental health professionals but highlights the complex challenges in providing effective treatment within the confines of a correctional facility. These challenges are influenced by policy dynamics, communication limitations, and individual-specific factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]