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Introduction: The application of ketogenic dietary interventions to mental health treatments is increasingly acknowledged within medical and psychiatric fields, yet its exploration in clinical psychology remains limited. This article discusses the potential implications of ketogenic diets, traditionally utilized for neurological disorders, within broader mental health practices. Methods: This article presents a perspective based on existing ketogenic diet research on historical use, biological mechanisms, and therapeutic benefits. It examines the potential application of these diets in mental health treatment and their relevance to clinical psychology research and practice. Results: The review informs psychologists of the therapeutic benefits of ketogenic diets and introduces to the psychology literature the underlying biological mechanisms involved, such as modulation of neurotransmitters, reduction of inflammation, and stabilization of brain energy metabolism, demonstrating their potential relevance to biopsychosocial practice in clinical psychology. Conclusion: By considering metabolic therapies, clinical psychologists can broaden their scope of biopsychosocial clinical psychology practice. This integration provides a care model that incorporates knowledge of the ketogenic diet as a treatment option in psychiatric care. The article emphasizes the need for further research and training for clinical psychologists to support the effective implementation of this metabolic psychiatry intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To date, there are no official diagnostic criteria for the frequently reported phenomenon of exercise addiction. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate how mental disorders, specifically depression and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), are related to exercise addiction (EA). Methods: A total of 173 participants aged between 18 and 70 years, who reported exercising more than 10 h a week and continued to exercise despite injury or illness, answered questionnaires including the Exercise Dependence Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Homburger ADHD scale for adults. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed adjusting for relevant confounders (age, gender) and stepwise regression was used to identify which of the two mental disorders is the more influential predictor of EA. Results: Pearson correlation analysis showed that depressive symptoms [r (171) = 0.422, p < 0.00] and ADHD symptoms [r (171) = 0.308, p < 0.001] were positively correlated with EA symptoms. The relation between depressive symptoms and EA remained after adjusting for confounders in the regression model (B = 20.531; t(170) = 5.950; 95% CI [13.719, 27.343]; p < 0.001). Similarly, the positive link between ADHD symptoms and EA persisted after controlling for confounders (B = 15.507; t(170) = 3.771; 95% CI [7.389, 23.625]; p < 0.001). Additionally, a stepwise regression model identified that depressive symptoms are a stronger predictor for EA than ADHD symptoms. Conclusion: Depressive symptoms seem to be a stronger predictor for EA compared to ADHD symptoms in frequent exercisers. Although individuals with ADHD May exercise extensively, they might be less at risk for EA than individuals with depression. These results contribute to the complex characterization of the psychiatric profile of individuals with exercise addiction, and underline the need for further research elucidating the interplay between mental disorders and EA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A negative correlation between physical exercise and depressive mood, with physical exercise significantly predicting college students' depressive mood. Additionally, physical exercise was found to positively predict self-esteem and positive psychological capital, both of which are negatively predictive of depressive mood. Self-esteem and positive psychological capital were identified as significant mediators between physical exercise and depressive mood, with three mediating paths: physical exercise, self-esteem, and depressed mood (Path 1), exhibited an indirect effect of 0.017, with the bootstrap 95% confidence interval excluding 0 (LLCI = −0.051, ULCI = −0.004) and accounting for 8.30% of the total effect. Physical exercise, positive psychological capital, and depression emotion (Path 2), had an indirect effect of 0.049, with the bootstrap 95% confidence interval also not containing 0 (LLCI = −0.088, ULCI = −0.011) and contributing to 23.90% of the total effect. Physical exercise, self-esteem, positive psychological capital, depressed mood (Path 3), demonstrated an indirect effect of 0.006, with the bootstrap 95% confidence interval excluding 0 (LLCI = −0.011, ULCI = −0.001) and representing 2.90% of the total effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Primary and secondary school teachers are a high-risk group for job burnout, and how to alleviate their job burnout has become an increasingly urgent issue. Previous studies have paid less attention to the differential effects of the bidirectional interaction between work and family on the job burnout of the teachers. This study aim to explore the different impact of work–family conflict and family–work conflict on job burnout among primary and secondary school teachers, as well as its underlying mechanisms. Methods: This study selected 2,184 primary and secondary school teachers in China (Mage  =  37.26; SD  =  9.40) as participants using a random sampling method. Using the SPSS Process 4.0 macro plugin constructed a moderated mediation model, the study explored the relationships between two different forms of work–family conflict, depression, cognitive reappraisal, and job burnout. Results: The study results indicated that both forms of work–family conflict were significantly positively related to the job burnout, and this relationship was influenced by the mediating role of depression. Furthermore, cognitive reappraisal moderated the relationship between depression and job burnout. Conclusion: This study revealed the potential pathways influencing job burnout among primary and secondary school teachers in the Chinese cultural context. Focusing on and alleviating work–family conflicts for primary and secondary school teachers is crucial for mitigating their occupational burnout. Additionally, teachers should also carefully and reasonably use cognitive reappraisal as an emotional regulation strategy to adjust the impact of depression on occupational burnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To clarify the causal relationship between anxiety-depression and the progression and outcomes of vitiligo, providing a basis for enhancing psychological interventions in the treatment of vitiligo. Methods: A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was used to validate the causal relationship between anxiety, depression, and vitiligo. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) assessed the psychiatric condition of vitiligo patients. Fisher's chi-square tests and rank sum tests analyzed the differences in clinical characteristics among vitiligo patients with different HADS scores. Regression analysis assessed the correlation between anxiety-depression and disease progression and treatment outcomes. Results: Mendelian randomization analysis showed that depression significantly increases the risk of vitiligo (OR = 4.46, 95% CI: 1.16-17.18, p = 0.03). According to the HADS scores, clinical characteristics differed significantly among the groups (p < 0.05). Univariate regression analysis demonstrated that both HADS (B = -1.168, p < 0.001, 95% CI: -1.532 to -0.804) and VIDA (B = -2.157, p < 0.001, 95% CI: -3.464 to -0.887) were significantly negative associated factors for disease outcomes. However, HADS (B = -1.006, p < 0.001, 95% CI: -1.475 to -0.657) emerged as the only factor influencing therapeutic efficacy in multivariate regression analysis. A restricted cubic spline graph illustrates a U-shaped relationship between HADS and clinical efficacy, with the most significant impact on therapeutic efficacy occurring when HADS equals 15. Conclusion: Anxiety--depression exhibit a bidirectional positive causal relationship with vitiligo. Moderate to severe anxiety-depression significantly influences the clinical efficacy of vitiligo treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Short-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy (STPP) is an evidencebased treatment for adolescents with depression, but like all treatment approaches, not all patients benefit from it. Previous investigations of the process of STPP have mostly focused on successful cases, and only a few studies have included the perspectives of young people, their parents, and therapists in the understanding of treatment non-response. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were carried out with young people who were considered "non-responders" to STPP, as well as with their parents and therapists. These cases were analyzed using a descriptive-interpretative approach. Results: The data analysis revealed three themes: (1) Therapy as a safe space; (2) Can short-term psychotherapy ever be enough?; and (3) Therapists making links and connections that did not make sense to the young people. Discussion: This study's findings indicate that "poor outcome" psychotherapy does not necessarily equate to a "poor experience" of psychotherapy, with different stakeholders appreciating the treatment setting as a "safe space." However, they also suggest that some felt that a relatively short-term treatment could not lead to substantial change and that young people in STPP might have a more negative view of their outcomes compared to their parents and therapists. Finally, the findings indicate that some interventions made by clinicians in STPP feel wrong or do not make sense to young people, potentially affecting the therapy process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to assess the effect of mindfulness intervention on negative emotions (anxiety and depression) and quality of life in malignant tumor patients. Methods: The databases, including CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database disc (CBMdisc), PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science (WoS), were searched from inception to January 2024. Randomized controlled trials examining the effects of mindfulness intervention on negative emotions and quality of life in malignant tumor patients were selected. Metaanalysis was conducted using RevMan 5.1. Results: A total of 11 studies involving 993 patients were included. Compared with usual care, mindfulness intervention effectively reduced anxiety [SMD = -0.81, 95% CI (-1.01, -0.60), p < 0.00001], depression [SMD = -0.86, 95% CI (-1.01, -0.70), p < 0.00001], and improved patients' quality of life [SMD = 0.64, 95% CI (0.50, 0.78), p < 0.00001]. Conclusion: Mindfulness intervention can effectively alleviate negative emotions such as anxiety and depression in malignant tumor patients and positively impact their quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study used data from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), and explored the psychological and social challenges of 14-year-olds who report psychotic symptoms. Research on help-seeking youths indicates comorbid symptoms of depression, anxiety, and social deterioration, but less is known about non-help-seeking individuals who may not use healthcare services, possibly skewing comorbidity profiles. Also, findings suggest that adolescents manifesting psychotic symptoms refrain from pursuing help. This gap underscores the necessity of studying non-helpseeking adolescents to better understand their needs and the risks they face without intervention. Methods: We analyzed responses from adolescents who completed the 14-year questionnaire in MoBa (N = 127), identifying those as at risk by their high scores on psychosis-risk items, within the top 0.4% (N = 58). Comparative analyses were conducted against matched controls to assess differences in psychological and social functioning (N = 69). Results: Results indicated that the at-risk adolescents experience significantly more depression and anxiety and have lower self-esteem and poorer social functioning than controls. Social functioning parameters, including leisure activities, social competence, quality of parental relationship, and sense of school belonging, were significantly worse than those observed in controls. The results indicate a pronounced vulnerability among non-help-seeking adolescents at-risk, similar to issues seen in help-seeking youths. Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of early identification and intervention strategies that reach beyond traditional clinical settings, suggesting the efficacy of population or community-based screenings to prevent longterm adverse outcomes. The study proposes a broader understanding of psychosis risk, stressing the importance of inclusive approaches to support atrisk adolescents effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Adolescents are in the transitional stage from childhood to adulthood, a critical period for individual physical and mental development. With the rapid development of the Internet, social networking has become an integral part of adolescents' daily lives. However, the information that adolescents are exposed to on social networks is often processed and embellished, which may cause them to become physically dissatisfied and lead to emotional problems, such as depression. We investigated the chain-mediating effects of self- objectification and body satisfaction on the relationship between social network use and depression. Methods: We utilized questionnaire data of 2025 adolescents from two secondary schools and one high school in China. Results: Our results demonstrated that (1) there are obvious sex differences in the intensity of social network use and active and passive social network use among adolescents, with usage higher among girls than for boys; (2) self-objectification and body satisfaction play a mediating role in the relationship between the intensity of social network use and adolescent depression, as well as the presence of chain-mediating roles; and (3) self-objectification and body satisfaction play an intermediary role in the relationship between active and passive social network use and adolescent depression; there is further a chain intermediary role. The findings suggest that social network use affects adolescents' depression through self-objectification and body satisfaction, which is not only manifested in the general use intensity of social networks but also in their active and passive use modes of social networks. Conclusion: This study provides theoretical support for the causes and mechanisms behind the influence of social network use on adolescent depression and has practical implications for the prevention and intervention of adolescent emotional problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Social isolation during and after the COVID-19 pandemic has sparked interest in its psychological and neurobiological consequences. The pandemic has been associated with an increase in anxiety, depression, and stress, according to some cross-sectional studies. This study aims to analyze changes in the levels of anxiety, depression and stress by comparing the confinement phase to the post-confinement period in the Ecuadorian population. Methods: A longitudinal, comparative, prospective study was conducted using an online survey comprising two sections. The first section gathered demographic information, whereas the second section included the DASS-21 questionnaire. Ecuadorian participants who completed the survey during the initial data-collection period were included. Results: In total, 162 participants were included in the final analysis. The average age of the participants was 29.6 ± 11.7 years, and the majority were women (63.3%). In 2020, the median depression, anxiety, and stress scores were 6 (IQR 2-12), 6 (IQR 2-10), and 10 (IQR 6-16) respectively. In 2021, the median depression score was 8 (IQR 4-14), the median anxiety score was 8 (IQR 4-14.5), and the median stress and its interquartile range were 10 (IQR 6-18). The levels of depression, anxiety, and stress were significantly inversely correlated with age, number of children, self-reported general health, and self-reported mental health in both 2020 and 2021. Conclusion: Exercise, being a student, sex and having had COVID-19 examination may be predictors for the changes in the levels of psychological disorders. Implementing psychological strategies, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, and physiological interventions, like regular physical activity, early in the post-lockdown period could help mitigate the negative mental health impacts observed in the aftermath of the pandemic. These interventions can provide necessary support and coping mechanisms for those at higher risk, thereby improving overall mental health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Comorbid anxiety and depression are common and can make the problemsmore complex and sometimes resistant to pharmacological treatment. In existing research, the diagnoses are often studied separately, and physical activity, healthy nutrition, psychoeducation, and social support have shown good effects. The aim of the present study was to explore the longitudinal effects of a comprehensive treatment on patients with comorbid anxiety and depression in a clinical context. Method: Eighty inpatients (15 men and 65 women) in age range 23-65 years receiving psychiatric treatment in Norwegian clinic participated in the longitudinal study. Treatment was person-centered and was most frequently given for anxiety and depression, e.g., pharmacological treatment and psychotherapy, individually and in groups. In combination with this, physical activity, healthy nutrition, psychoeducation and social support in contacts with authorities and relatives were also a part of treatment. Depression and anxiety were assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory at three points in time: baseline, at the end of treatment, and 3 months after treatment. The answers were categorized and combined into four groups according to severity of anxiety and depression to measure effects on comorbidity. Mann Whitney U test, Chi-square, Friedmans test, and McNemar test were used to analyze the data. Result: The results showed a significant increase of frequencies in the group with mild anxiety and depression 3 months past treatment compared to baseline. Conclusion: Through the comprehensive, person-centered treatment more patients had low levels of both anxiety and depression 3 months after treatment. We suggest that clinics working with comorbid depression and anxiety patients should add physical activity, nutrition advice, social support, and psychoeducation to the traditional treatment regimes. More research concerning comorbid anxiety and depression are urgent to further expand the treatment possibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Prenatal anxiety and depression exert a significant influence on the physiological and psychological health outcomes of both expectant mothers and their infants. The aim of this study was to explore the intrinsic relationships between maternal anxiety, depression in early pregnancy, and their influencing factors. The findings of this study provide scientific basis for developing targeted preventive interventions. Methods: The study involved 887 expectant mothers in the early stages of pregnancy residing in Changsha City from March to August 2022. The sociodemographic characteristics, health and lifestyle factors, and pregnancy-related factors of participants were collected. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale were used to assess depression and anxiety, respectively. Chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression models using SPSS 26.0 were used to assess factors impacting early pregnancy anxiety and depression. Amos 23.0 was used to construct a path model to determine the potential pathways of the influencing factors. Results: In early pregnancy, the prevalence of depression and anxiety were 17.4% and 15.8%, respectively. Path analysis showed that early pregnancy anxiety and illness during pregnancy had a direct effect on early pregnancy depression. Anxiety had the greatest overall impact on early pregnancy depression. Education, maternal comorbidities, symptoms of pregnancy, electronic device usage time, work stress, active smoking in the 6 months before pregnancy, and sleep quality were found to solely exert indirect effects on early pregnancy depression. Sleep quality had the greatest overall impact on early pregnancy anxiety. Active smoking in the 6 months before pregnancy, sleep quality, and work stress only had a direct impact on early pregnancy anxiety. Additionally, electronic device usage duration and monthly per capita household income exclusively indirectly impacted symptoms of early pregnancy anxiety. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of targeted interventions in early screening. Avoiding excessive use of electronic devices and active smoking in the 6 months before pregnancy, alleviating work stress and symptoms of pregnancy, increasing education levels and monthly per capita household income, improving sleep quality, and actively preventing illnesses during pregnancy and maternal comorbidities might reduce anxiety and depression in early pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Both pre-or post-COVID-19, older adults residing in nursing homes are at significant risk for social isolation, which is negatively associated with cognitive ability. Currently, the elderly aged 80 years and older are the fastest-growing age group globally. The extent of social isolation within this group post-COVID-19 and its impact on cognitive abilities remain inadequately explored. Objective: This research aimed to evaluate the prevalence of social isolation among the oldest old in Chinese nursing homes post-COVID-19 and to investigate the mediating and moderating roles of basic activities of daily living (BADL), depression, and subjective socioeconomic status in the relationship between social isolation and cognitive ability. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 453 participants aged 80 years and older from 11 nursing homes in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China. Social isolation was assessed using the Lubben Social Network Scale-6 (LSNS-6), cognitive ability using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), BADL using the Barthel Index (BI), and depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 items (PHQ-9). Mediation and moderation effects were statistically analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and PROCESS 3.5. Results: The mean age of the study sample was 87.1 ± 3.8 years, among whom 60.3% (n = 273) were female, and 56.1% experienced social isolation, with 41.1% and 63.1% being isolated from family and friends, respectively. Social isolation indirectly affected cognitive ability through BADL and depression, respectively, and through the chain mediation effect of BADL and depression. Subjective socioeconomic status moderated the relationships between social isolation and BADL and between social isolation and depression. However, no moderating effect of subjective socioeconomic status was found between social isolation and cognitive ability. Conclusion: This study deepens our understanding of the current state of social isolation and its mechanisms of action in the oldest old post-COVID-19 and provides a new basis for future public health policy development and related research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Perceived stress and depression were indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in square-cabin hospitals. It was paramount to understand their mediating effects, which might detonate factors that led to mental illness. Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate perceived stress and depressive symptoms among patients with COVID-19 in Shanghai square-cabin hospitals from April 18 to May 19, 2022. The questionnaire included the Perceived Stress Scale 10, Patient Health Questionnaire 9, Perceived Social Support Scale, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 10. Results: This study investigated the chain-mediating roles of perceived social support and resilience in the relationship between perceived stress and depression. Perceived stress positively predicted depression (r = 0.613, p < 0.01), negatively correlated with perceived social support (r = -0.318, p < 0.01) and resilience (r = -0.398, p < 0.01). In the chain mediating model, perceived stress had significant direct predictive effects on depression, and significant indirect predictive effects on depression through perceived social support and/or resilience. Conclusion: It showed that higher perceived social support and resilience were associated with lower perceived stress among COVID-19 patients, which might lead to symptoms of mild depression, and highlights the importance of resilience and perceived social support in reducing depressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic held considerable health-related outcomes worldwide, including mental health challenges, with elevated risk of psychiatric sequelae. Methods: This study aimed to test the longitudinal (1 year) predictive role of psychosocial factors on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depressive symptoms in SARS-CoV-2 survivors (N = 209 at T1; N = 61; attrition rate 70.83%), through Pearson's correlation analyses and longitudinal multiple regression analyses. Participants (age M = 35.4, SD = 10.1) completed online selfreport questionnaires of psychosocial variables, PTSD, anxiety, and depression. Results: Depression and anxiety symptoms were increased, and 42% of survivors presented clinically meaningful PTSD symptoms. PTSD symptoms were longitudinally predicted by having children (β = 0.32, p < 0.01), number of recent major life events (β = 0.34, p < 0.01), and psychological flexibility (β = -0.36, p < 0.01). Number of major life events (β = 0.29, p < 0.05) and psychological flexibility (β = -0.29, p < 0.05) predicted anxiety. Number of recent major life events (β = 0.32, p < 0.01) was the sole predictor of depressive symptoms. Discussion: Psychosocial variables contribute to the long-term harmful effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychopathological symptoms. These results suggest that, during the pandemic, mental health was impacted by both sociocontextual factors and individual self-regulatory skills, namely the ability to respond flexibily to contextual cues and guide behavior according to the direct experience. Specifically, results point out the importance of societal incentives to reduce parental burden and socioeconomic losses, as well as to promote adaptive psychological skills such as psychological flexibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior research has shown that physical activity (PA) is a crucial element for preserving and enhancing health, particularly among children and adolescents, and consistent engagement in PA offers numerous advantages for sustaining typical physical and mental well-being. Purpose: Hence, the primary objective of this study was to examine the relationship between sport participation, muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE), and active commuting (AC) in the co-occurrence of depression and anxiety in Chinese children and adolescents. Method: This cross-sectional investigation occurred in various cities across the southeastern region of China between March 2021 and October 2021. A convenient sampling method was utilized. We invited children and adolescents to participate in the questionnaire survey. A total of 1,996 participants completed the questionnaires with the endorsement of their parents or guardians under the supervision of schoolteachers and headmasters. Girls comprised 47.5% of the participants, and the average age of participants was 14.8 ± 2.0 years. We conducted a logistic regression analysis, including 95% confidence intervals, to explore the association between sports participation, MSE, AC, and the cooccurrence of depression and anxiety. Results: No significant association was observed between weekday active commuting for travelling to and from school and MSE and the comorbidity of depression and anxiety in children and adolescents. A negative association was only detected for those who engaged in muscle-strengthening exercises 4 days a week (OR = 0.540, 95% CI = 0.345-0.845) compared to those who did not partake in such exercises. Conclusion: The present study has provided evidence of the connection between sports participation and the co-occurrence of depression and anxiety among Chinese children and adolescents. Sports participation is more likely to help adolescents relieve anxiety and depression than AC, MSE. In forthcoming research, it is imperative to delve deeper into strategies that enhance the impact of sports on the mental well-being of children and young individuals. Furthermore, optimizing the magnitude of this effect may be achievable by focusing on neurobiological, behavioral, and psychosocial mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression among patients with glaucoma compared to the average Brazilian prevalence (9.8% of anxiety and 5.8% of depression, according to the World Health Organization) and its correlation with the severity of the disease. Methods: This was a transversal, single-arm trial of patients from four glaucoma centers in São Paulo and Curitiba--Brazil. Patients comprised adults at least 18 years of age with glaucoma diagnosis under treatment for at least 6 months. All subjects of the study answered two questionnaires (PHQ-9 and GAD-7) to evaluate the presence of anxiety and depression, and the results were analyzed accordingly to clinical and demographic characteristics. Results: The protocol included a total of 210 patients. The average age was 61.6 ± 15.3 years, and the female gender was more common (68.86%). Primary open-angle glaucoma was the most common diagnosis (59.90%). The average IOP was 18.5 mmHg, and 1.5 anti-glaucoma drops were the mean treatment. The prevalence of depression and anxiety was 26.90 and 25.71%, respectively. Most patients with anxiety were classified as early glaucoma, while those with depression had severe glaucoma. Conclusion: This study found that the prevalence of anxiety and depression among patients with glaucoma is higher than in the general population in our country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Alcohol-involved sexual assault (AISA) survivors who were drinking at the time of the assault may be at risk of internalizing victim-blaming myths and stigma. Cognitive-behavioral models posit the link between AISA and negative emotional outcomes may be explained through maladaptive appraisals and coping - i.e., characterological and behavioral self-blame, shame, low self-compassion (i.e., high self-coldness, low self-caring), and fear of selfcompassion. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design and community sample of younger adults (N = 409 Canadians, M = 28.2 years old, 51.3% women), we examined these mechanisms' unique effects in mediating the associations between AISA and posttraumatic stress, general anxiety, and depressive symptoms, respectively. Results: In terms of gender differences, AISA was more common, self-coldness higher, and general anxiety symptoms more frequent in women, and fear of self-compassion was higher in men. Using structural equation modeling that controlled for gender and the overlap between outcomes, shame emerged as the strongest mediator linking AISA with all emotional outcomes. Fear of selfcompassion also partially mediated the AISA-posttraumatic stress symptom association, self-coldness partially mediated the AISA-general anxiety symptom association, and characterological self-blame fully mediated the AISA-depressive symptom association. Conclusion: Avoidance-based processes, ruminative/worry-based cognitions, and negative self-evaluative cognitions may be distinctly relevant for AISArelated posttraumatic stress, general anxiety, and depressive symptoms, respectively, after accounting for the overarching mediation through shame. These internalized stigma-related mechanisms may be useful to prioritize in treatment to potentially reduce AISA-related negative emotional outcomes, particularly for AISA survivors with posttraumatic stress, general anxiety, and/or depressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies indicate a link between personal distress and vulnerability to depression. The literature also suggests that personal distress is associated with emotion dysregulation and that emotion dysregulation plays a role in depression. However, which of the various emotion regulation difficulties mediates the relationship between personal distress and depression remains unexplored. This study therefore aims to investigate the mediating role of specific emotion regulation difficulties in the relationship between personal distress and depression. Of the 702 initially recruited participants, 635 completed a survey comprising the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory. A mediation analysis was used to explore which emotion regulation difficulties mediate the relationship between personal distress and depression. Over a quarter (27%) of participants reported moderate-severe depression symptoms. Difficulties in accessing adaptive emotion regulation strategies and in having a clear understanding about one's own emotions partly mediated the relationship between personal distress and depression symptoms. Our results are the first to indicate that personal distress is linked to depression risk through specific emotion regulation difficulties in medical students. They also highlight possible modifiable skills that could be targeted by prevention intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incidence of allergic rhinitis in children is high across the world, as well as in China. Allergic rhinitis in children has serious impact on physical and mental health of the children. At the same time, the caregivers of allergic rhinitis children have heavy burden of care, and their mental problems are severe. It is necessary to implement timely psychological intervention for the caregivers of allergic rhinitis children. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is a safe and effective psychological therapy, and the effect of online intervention can be comparable to the traditional face-to-face intervention program. This study focused on the mental health status in the main caregivers of children with allergic rhinitis, and conducted a modified online MBCT intervention on the caregivers, in order to improve their adverse mental state, meanwhile, improve the quality of care they provide. The results show that online MBCT intervention is applicable to the main caregivers of children with allergic rhinitis, and can effectively reduce caregiver burden, relieve anxiety and depression, and improve the level of mindfulness in the caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Depression is becoming a common threat to the mental health of Chinese adolescents. As an intermediate stage between being healthy and having depression, identifying factors influencing depressive may contribute to providing more options for the prevention and treatment of depression. Objective: The study aims to explore the effects of physical activity on adolescent depression, focusing on the times and hours of activity per week. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional dataset collected in Ruyang County, Henan Province in September 2022, including a sample of 5,629 adolescents in 31 compulsory public schools in the county. We utilized Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) to analyze the impact of physical activity on adolescents' depression scores, and probit model to analyze the influence of physical activity on adolescents' depression. To examine whether there is a U-shaped relationship between physical activity and depression, we included the squared terms of times and hours of activity in models. Results: The results showed that: (1) The times of physical activity significantly reduces Chinese adolescent depression. An increase in physical activity by one time per week is associated with a mean decrease of 0.354 points in depression scores (p < 0.01). However, an increase of one time of physical activity per week is associated with an average 1% increase in the likelihood of experiencing depression(p <0.05), while the hours of physical activity was statistically insignificant. (2) Physical activity has a U-shaped (not linear) relationship with adolescent depression, with 7-8 times per week or 7-9 h of physical activity per week being the optimal range. Conclusion: The study found that increasing the frequency of physical activity positively impacts adolescent depression, while increasing the hours does not show a significant association. Furthermore, a U-shaped relationship exists between times of activity, hours of activity, and adolescent depression, suggesting that moderate activity is optimal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There is still much uncertainty about why some people develop persistent cognitive and mental health problems after SARS-CoV-2 infection and require additional care while others do not. In this study, we investigated the cognitive and psychological outcomes of non-hospitalized post-COVID-19 patients referred to an outpatient post-COVID-19 clinic for persistent symptoms more than 3months after infection. Additionally, we aimed to explore the influence of demographic, physical, and personal factors on these outcomes. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at an outpatient post-COVID-19 clinic located at a prominent clinical teaching hospital in the Netherlands. Participants included non-hospitalized patients referred between 2020 and 2022, more than 3 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, experiencing persistent symptoms. Main outcome measures included levels of anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) (Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms Checklist 14), and cognitive symptoms (Checklist for Cognitive and Emotional Consequences). Data analysis employed Spearman correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analyses. Results: A total of 265 patients (61% female; mean age of 51.7±13.7years) were included in the study, with an average of 7.6 ±4.5 months following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among them, 104 patients (40%) reported high levels of anxiety, 111 patients (43%) showed high levels depressive symptoms, and 71 patients (31%) demonstrated high levels of PTSS. Additionally, 200 patients (79%) reported experiencing more than 2 cognitive symptoms. Bivariate analyses indicated associations between psychiatric history and increased cognitive and psychological symptoms. Multivariate analyses revealed positive associations between physical symptoms and cognitive and psychological symptoms, and catastrophizing thoughts were associated with higher anxiety levels (β = 0.217, p< 0.001). Conversely, positive refocusing was associated with lower depressive symptoms (β =-0.325, p <0.001), PTSS (β =-0.290, p <0.001), and cognitive symptoms (β =-0.220, p < 0.001). Discussion: Among non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients seeking care for persistent symptoms, approximately one-third reported high levels of psychological symptoms, and more than three-quarter experienced cognitive symptoms. Physical symptoms, psychiatric history, and a tendency to catastrophize were identified as potential risk factors for persistent psychological and cognitive symptoms. Conversely, positive refocusing demonstrated a protective effect. These findings contribute to the understanding of long-term COVID-19 outcomes and emphasize the importance of integrating a biopsychosocial perspective into treatment approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Malignant tumors of the digestive system pose a serious threat to human health due to their highly malignant nature. Depression, as the most common psychiatric symptom of digestive system tumors, has attracted much attention regarding its potential relationship with these tumors. A thorough investigation into the connection between digestive system tumors and depression is extremely important for strengthening patients' quality of life and treatment outcomes. Methods: From 2014 to 2023, we conducted a literature search using specific keywords in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) and performed visual analysis of the selected literature using Microsoft Excel, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer software. In this study, we analyzed countries, institutions, authors, journals, and keywords. Results: A total of 384 research articles on the relationship between digestive system tumors and depression were identified. The number of publications showed a gradual increase over time. In terms of disciplinary distribution, Oncology, Health Care Sciences Services, and Medicine General Internal ranked top in terms of publication volume. In terms of geographical distribution, China and the United States were the countries contributing the most publications. Additionally, Maastricht University contributed the most publications. Regarding authors, Beekman, Aartjan T.F. and Dekker, Joost had the highest number of publications, while Zigmond, A.S. had the most citations. It is worth mentioning that Supportive Care in Cancer was the journal with the most publications in this field. In terms of keyword analysis, research mainly focused on mechanisms and treatment strategies related to the relationship between digestive system tumors and depression. Conclusion: The relationship between digestive system tumors and depression has become a new research hotspot in recent years, offering new directions for future research. This research reveals novel perspectives on comprehending the connection between the two, which can guide future research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to precisely model the nonlinear relationship between university students' literature reading preferences (LRP) and their levels of anxiety and depression using a multilayer perceptron (MLP) to identify reading-related risk factors affecting anxiety and depression among university students. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, an internet-based questionnaire was conducted among 2,092 undergraduate students (aged 18-22, 62.7% female, from seven provinces in China). Participants completed a customized questionnaire on their LRP, followed by standardized assessments of anxiety and depression using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory, respectively. An MLP with residual connections was employed to establish the nonlinear relationship between LRP and anxiety and depression. Results: The MLP model achieved an average accuracy of 86.8% for predicting non-anxious individuals and 81.4% for anxious individuals. In the case of depression, the model's accuracy was 90.1% for non-depressed individuals and 84.1% for those with depression. SHAP value analysis identified "Tense/ Suspenseful-Emotional Tone," "War and Peace-Thematic Content," and "Infrequent Reading-Reading Habits" as the top contributors to anxiety prediction accuracy. Similarly, "Sad-Emotional Tone Preference," "Emotional Depictions-Thematic Content," and "Thought-Provoking-Emotional Tone" were the primary contributors to depression prediction accuracy. Conclusion: The MLP accurately models the nonlinear relationship between LRP and mental health in university students, indicating the significance of specific reading preferences as risk factors. The study underscores the importance of literature emotional tone and themes in mental health. LRP should be integrated into psychological assessments to help prevent anxiety and depression among university students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adopting lifestyle interventions is pivotal in coronary artery disease (CAD) management and prevention to amplify cardiovascular and mental wellbeing. This study aims to quantify the effect of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) on anxiety, depression and stress in CAD patients. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted by searching four electronic databases (PubMed, CENTRAL, Scopus, and Science Direct) through December 2023. The risk of bias was assessed using the PEDro tool, and the study outcomes were expressed as standard mean difference at 95% CI. Results: Out of 1838 yielded results, eight RCTs involving 623 participants with a mean age of 56.96 ± 4.89 met the prespecified eligibility criteria. The pooled results showed a statistically significant and beneficial effect of MBIs on CAD patients' mental health status in regards to anxiety (SMD = -0.83; 95% CI [-1.19, -0.46], p < 0.001), depression (SMD = - 0.86; 95% CI [-1.14, -0.58], p < 0.001), and stress (SMD = -0.69; 95% CI [-1.27, -0.12], p = 0.02). The subgroup sensitivity analyses based on the region (Asia vs. Europe) indicated a statistically non-significant subgroup effect of MBIs on anxiety (I² = 63.9%, p = 0.10) and depression (I² = 25.8%, p = 0.25), and a significant effect on stress (I² = 80.0%, p = 0.03). Although the methodological quality of the trials was generally satisfactory, all studies lacked allocation concealment and blinding. Additionally, gender imbalances, and inadequate follow-up may have potentially compromised the validity of the trials. Conclusion: Mindfulness-based interventions are beneficial for improving CAD patients' anxiety, depression and stress symptoms. Nevertheless, it is imperative to conduct more rigorous and robust studies with an equal gender ratio and long-term follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Examine the effect of childhood adversity on depression in older adults and the regulatory impact that social participation has on depression. Methods: Based on 6,704 standard-compliant research subjects, single factor analysis, multiple linear regression model, and tendency score matching were used to analyze the impact of childhood adversity on depression in older adults and the regulatory effect of social participation. Results: The depression rate is higher among women, young age, low education, unmarried, in agricultural households, older adults with low annual income, preretirement work type in agriculture, non-drinking, and those with two or more chronic diseases (p < 0.05). Children who experienced adversity as children are more likely to suffer from depression as adults (β = 0.513, 0.590, 0.954, 0.983, 1.221, 0.953, 0.718; p < 0.05). Through the tendency score, the result is matched with the endogenous test. As well, older adults are more likely to suffer psychological damage from a greater number of childhood adversities in their early years (β = 1.440, 2.646, 4.122; p < 0.001). It has been shown that social participation will reduce the negative impact of low-income family economic circumstances on depression among older adults of all ages (β = -0.459,-0.567; p < 0.01), aggravate depression resulting from "neighborhood void of mutual assistance" and "no more fun to play" for older adults of all ages (β = 1.024, 0.894; p < 0.01), and exacerbate depression resulting from "loneliness because there are no friends" for the oldest old (β = 0.476, 0.779; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Older adults who experience childhood adversity are more likely to suffer from depression. Social participation plays a regulatory role in the relationship between childhood adversity and depression in older adults. For older adults' mental health to improve, family and social adversity should be prevented, and moderate participation in society should be encouraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Depression is one of the most common mental illnesses among middle-aged and older adults in China. It is of great importance to find the crucial factors that lead to depression and to effectively control and reduce the risk of depression. Currently, there are limited methods available to accurately predict the risk of depression and identify the crucial factors that influence it. Methods: We collected data from 25,586 samples from the harmonized China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), and the latest records from 2018 were included in the current cross-sectional analysis. Ninety-three input variables in the survey were considered as potential influential features. Five machine learning (ML) models were utilized, including CatBoost and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Gradient Boosting decision tree (GBDT), Random Forest (RF), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM). The models were compared to the traditional multivariable Linear Regression (LR) model. Simultaneously, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) were used to identify key influencing factors at the global level and explain individual heterogeneity through instance-level analysis. To explore how different factors are nonlinearly associated with the risk of depression, we employed the Accumulated Local Effects (ALE) approach to analyze the identified critical variables while controlling other covariates. Results: CatBoost outperformed other machine learning models in terms of MAE, MSE, MedAE, and R2metrics. The top three crucial factors identified by the SHAP were r4satlife, r4slfmem, and r4shlta, representing life satisfaction, selfreported memory, and health status levels, respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the CatBoost model is an appropriate choice for predicting depression among middle-aged and older adults in Harmonized CHARLS. The SHAP and ALE interpretable methods have identified crucial factors and the nonlinear relationship with depression, which require the attention of domain experts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multilevel psychosocial stressors associated with COVID-19 pandemic set the stage to investigate risk factors and groups susceptible for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). A national sample of 9,929 Brazilian adults aged 36.1  years on average participated in the study. Cross-sectional data were collected in 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023. NSSI levels were considered high in the total sample (13.2%) when compared to other studies in this context. The variables with the highest explanatory power in the regression models were age, anxiety, and depression. The main risk factors were being younger, living in the South or Southeast regions of Brazil, having lower educational attainment, and having higher rates of anxiety and depression. Respondents had the highest probability of NSSI in 2022. The sustained higher rates of NSSI in 2023 compared to the beginning of the pandemic underscores the need for continuous monitoring and the development of preventive actions for self-injurious behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Depression is a common mental illness with a high prevalence rate and is a significant contributor to the global burden of diseases. Various factors are associated with depression, and its etiology is complex. Instead of focusing on single-factor effects, this study aimed to explore a combination of high-risk factor sets for depression among adult community residents. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey in Shenzhen, China, from January 2021 to March 2021. A simple sampling method was used to enroll participants. A total of 1,965 adult residents completed the survey and were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised Short Scale for Chinese (EPQ-RSC), and the Psychosocial Stress Survey for Groups (PSSG). The fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis method was used to explore the high-risk factor sets for depression among adult community residents. Results: The prevalence of depression among the surveyed adult residents in Shenzhen was 6.36%. The mean scores of PHQ-9 were higher among women and unmarried residents. The combination of low extroversion (e) and high neuroticism (N) in personality traits, along with high scores for life events (V), negative emotional responses to events (G), positive emotional responses to events (O), and positive coping styles to events (I) (denoted as e*N*V*G*O*I) constituted a high-risk factor set for depression. The overall consistency was 0.843, and the overall coverage was 0.330. Conclusion: Our study suggested that stressful life events together with personality traits including neuroticism and introversion serve as crucial factors for depression among adult community residents, regardless of the coping strategies they adopt. This study provides data for developing comprehensive interventions such as regulating neuroticism and introversion levels and reducing stressors to prevent the occurrence of depression among adult community residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The issue of gender-based violence has been a public health problem for years. Considering its systemic nature, the possible consequences at the individual level on the psychological and cognitive wellbeing of victims have been examined. The present research aims to explore the differences in the various types and forms of violence. Methods: A non-probability and convenience sample was used; a total of 83 participants joined the research. Inclusion criteria wereminimumage of 18 years, female gender, and knowledge of the Italian language. Two non-parametric One-Way ANOVAs (Kruskal-Wallis) were performed according to the type of violence experienced and the type of self-reported abuse (i.e., no victimization, single victimization, complex victimization). Results and discussion: Results showed that victims of violence scored higher overall than non-victims on all subscales of the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale. Analyses among the three groups-no violence, single violence, and complex violence-showed no differences in any of the dimensions between those who experienced single and complex violence, while differences emerged between the "no victimization" group and the other groups. The results were discussed in relation to the existing literature on the topic, highlighting the limitations and future applications of the collected data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Pediatricians in training are a population at risk for anxiety and depression: they face long working hours, they are confronted with the suffering and death of a vulnerable population and may have personal characteristics that put them in danger. Nonetheless, few studies have looked at their prevalence and associated factors. We aimed to compare demographic, professional activities, adversities and perfectionism personality features between a group of pediatricians in training with depression and/or anxiety and a group of pediatricians in training without depression nor anxiety and, to identify the variables that increase the probabilities of depression and/or anxiety in pediatricians in training. Methods: Pediatric residents who voluntarily answered an online survey distributed via personal and institutional social media channels from October 2019 to April 2021, as part of a cross-sectional study with medical specialists and residents from Mexico were included. Demographic information, professional activities and adversities, perfectionism personality features (Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale), depression and anxiety (ICD-11 PHC) were evaluated. For comparison purposes Chi-square tests (2) and independent sample t-tests were used. A logistic regression analysis was used to identify those variables that increase the probabilities of depression and/or anxiety. Results: 934 pediatric residents answered the survey. 11.6% reported having depression and 20% anxiety. Being single, a history of anxious or depressive episodes, being the resident in charge of a patient who died, aggressions from colleagues and a high concern for errors were associated with current depression and/or anxiety. Discussion: Screening for depressive and anxious symptoms should be routinely performed from entry to the residency to favor early intervention. A shift from promoting perfectionism to a more compassionate training could serve a population facing so many adversities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: College students showed a high prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression, with medical and nursing students experiencing particularly elevated levels of mental health challenges. Optimism significantly influences overall well-being by promoting a healthy lifestyle and cognitive responses. However, the association of optimism with sleep quality, stress, and mental health in college students remains unexplored. This study aimed to (1) explore the associations of optimism with sleep quality, stress, and mental health and (2) ascertain whether sleep quality and stress mediate the association between optimism and mental health among college students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using online surveys with students from health science majors at a public university in the northeast United States from September to December 2022. A total of 222 students participated in the study, providing data on sociodemographics, optimism, sleep quality, stress, anxiety, and depression. Parallel and serial mediation models were utilized to examine the potential mediating roles of sleep quality and stress in the association between optimism and mental health. Results: The study found that optimism influences anxiety and depression through both direct and indirect pathways. In line with predictions, the parallel mediation analysis revealed that the impact of optimism on anxiety (βtotal = -0.598, 95% confident interval [CI]: -0.778 to -0.392) and depression (βtotal = -0.724, 95% CI: -0.919 to -0.519) was mediated by stress and sleep quality. Furthermore, the serial mediation models revealed that stress and sleep quality co-mediated the relationship betweenoptimism and anxiety (indirect effect [IE] = -0.074, 95% CI: -0.135 to -0.029) or depression (IE = -0.084, 95% CI: -0.142 to -0.036) in a sequential manner. Conclusion: Optimism was negatively correlated with poor sleep quality, stress, anxiety, and depression. Enhanced optimism was linked to high sleep quality and less stress, anxiety, and depression. These insights emphasize the potential for school-based optimism interventions to improve sleep quality, ameliorate stressrelated concerns, and alleviate mental health challenges in college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The long-term impact of COVID-19 on the mental health and well-being of college students, specifically trends over time after full removal of COVID-19 restrictions, has not been well-studied. Methods: Four consecutive cross-sectional surveys were conducted in December 2022 (N = 689), March 2023 (N = 456), June 2023 (N = 300), and November 2023 (N = 601) at a university in Sichuan Province, China. Results: The proportion of students with COVID-19 panic decreased from 95.1 to 77.3% (p < 0.001). The prevalence of moderate anxiety and above decreased from 18 to 13.6% (p < 0.001), and the prevalence of moderate and above depression decreased from 33.1 to 28.1% (p < 0.001), while the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) increased from 21.5 to 29.6% (p < 0.005). Further, the proportion of suicidal thoughts increased from 7.7 to 14.8% (p < 0.001). Suicidal thoughts and self-injuries were significantly associated with COVID-19 panic, depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Students who reported being in close contact with COVID-19 patients in the past were more likely to develop PTSD. Further, COVID-19-induced panic was a risk factor for self-injury. Conclusion: One year after the COVID-19 pandemic, the overall mental health of college students was not optimal. Hence, we can conclude that the longterm impacts of COVID-19 on the mental health of college students may have already occurred. To mitigate this impact and prepare for the next major public health event, strengthening college students' mental health curricula and promoting healthy behaviors among college students should be a priority for universities and education authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Watching short videos on mobile phones is currently a very prevalent phenomenon. It has been found in research that excessive use of short videos is closely related to depression. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between short video overuse behavior and depression among college students as well as the gender differences that are present in such relationship. Methods: A follow-up measurement was conducted on 331 college students using the Short Video Usage Behavior Scale and the Epidemic Research Center Depression Scale with an interval of 2 months. Results: (1) Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between short video overuse behavior and depression, whether measured at the same or different time points, repeated measures ANOVA indicates that short video overuse behavior and depression have strong stability within the interval between two measurements. (2) Pre-test short video overuse behavior could significantly and positively predict post-test depression, whereas pretest depression could not significantly predict post-test short video overuse behavior. (3) The cross-lagged effect between short video overuse behavior and depression showed no gender differences. Discussion: These findings indicate that, for college students, short video overuse behavior may increase the risk of depression, whereas depression cannot induce short video overuse behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: High risk of degraded quality of life and psychological distress is observed in patients diagnosed with sinonasal, nasopharyngeal, and laryngeal cancers, which could be caused by exposure to carcinogens in workplaces. This review aimed to investigate the psychological impact of diagnosis associated with the possible occupational etiology of such neoplasms and to explore the instruments that evaluate the quality of life (QoL), anxiety, and depression in these patients. Methods: Studies were considered for the review only if they described aspects of the psychological impact of the diagnosis of sinonasal, nasopharyngeal, and laryngeal cancers and reported results distinguished by the tumor site. The psychological impact was assessed in terms of health-related QoL, anxiety, and depression using reliable psychometric questionnaires administered at the time of diagnosis and 1 year later. Results: In more than 5,900 records identified, 442 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria and 436 were excluded after full-text screening, resulting in six studies to be finally included in the review. The EORTC Core Quality of Life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30), EORTC QLQ-H&N35, and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) were used to evaluate the QoL, whereas the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) questionnaires were employed to assess anxiety and depression. QoL scores were similar to those of the general population at the time of diagnosis and remained unchanged or slightly improved at 1 year since diagnosis. In contrast, a higher prevalence of anxiety and depression was observed compared with the general population, although the results were inconsistent across the very few studies identified. No study investigating the association between the potential occupational etiology and QoL or distress was found. Conclusion: Exploring the existing scientific literature on emotional distress in sinonasal, nasopharyngeal, and laryngeal cancer patients was prompted by concerns over the disfiguring nature of treatment and the additional emotional burden resulting from their occupational etiology. Unfortunately, neither a crucial element nor other risk factors (lifestyle, smoking, drinking, etc.) were examined in any study. Patients' employment history should be considered in order to assess the possible impact of believing they are affected by an occupational exposure disease in the evaluation of their psychological distress. This history would support evidence-based recommendations about dedicated psychological interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Due to an inhibited tryptophan resorption, patients with fructose malabsorption are expected to experience decreased serotonin synthesis. A deficiency of serotonin may cause internalizing mental disorders like depression and anxiety, and a fructose-oriented eating behavior may affect these symptoms. Methods: The parents of 24 children and adolescents with a currently diagnosed fructose malabsorption aged 4;00–13;02  years (M  =  8.10, SD  =  2.05), the parents of 12 patients with a currently confirmed combination of fructose and lactose malabsorption aged 4;00–12;11  years (M  =  8.07, SD  =  2.11) and the parents of a comparative sample of 19 healthy participants aged 5;00 to 17;07  years (M  =  9.06, SD  =  3.04) were interviewed. The interviews were conducted using a screening questionnaire of the German “Diagnostic System of Mental Disorders in children and adolescents based on the ICD-10 and DSM-5 DISYPS-III” and a self-developed questionnaire on eating, leisure and sleeping behavior. Results: On standardized scales parents of children with fructose malabsorption reported higher levels of Depression compared to symptoms of Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorders (ADHD) and Oppositional Defiant and Conduct Disorders (ODD/CD). Compared to healthy controls, for patients with fructose malabsorption, higher symptom levels of Depression and Anxiety were reported. With regard to eating behavior, within the group with a combination of fructose and lactose malabsorption, a strong positive association between an increased fruit sugar consumption and higher levels of Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders/Tics were found. Discussion: These results suggest a close association between fructose malabsorption and elevated internalizing psychological symptoms in children and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Psychological distress is highly prevalent and has a severe impact on the quality of life among breast cancer survivors. This type of distress is associated with cognitive failure. However, previous studies have focused solely on the total scale scores of these two concepts while ignoring the unique relationship between specific components. In the present study, we utilized network analysis to explore the relationship between psychological distress and cognitive failure in breast cancer survivors. Methods: The network analysis approach was adopted to estimate the regularized partial correlation network in a cross-sectional sample of 409 breast cancer survivors. All participants were assessed using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale and the Cognitive Failure Questionnaire. The Gaussian Graphical Model was employed to estimate the network, centrality indices, and edge weights, providing a description of the characteristics of the network. Results: The results indicated that anxiety–stress and depression–stress were the strongest edges in the community of psychological distress. Distractibility–memory was the strongest edge in the community of cognitive failure. Distractibility and memory were the most central nodes, with the highest expected influence in the network. Depression and motor coordination acted as important bridge nodes with the highest bridge expected influence. Conclusion: Distractibility and memory in cognitive failure played important roles in activating and maintaining the relationship network. Motor coordination was identified as the crucial pathway for the impact of cognitive failure on psychological distress. Interventions targeting these specific issues might be more effective in improving cognitive failure and reducing psychological distress among breast cancer survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Although previous research has demonstrated that resilience can be protective against various mental health conditions such as depression, existing studies examining the relationship between resilience and depression have limitations. To our knowledge, the moderators of the relationship have not been examined. The aim of this study was to determine whether resilience acts as a protective factor against depression in informal caregivers and to examine potential moderators of the relationship between these variables. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 554 randomly selected informal caregivers participated (86.8% women, average age = 55.3 years). Major depressive episode, depressive symptomatology, resilience, positive environmental reward, negative automatic thoughts, self-efficacy, and personality were assessed. Results: A total of 16.1% of informal caregivers met criteria for a depressive episode and 57.4% were at risk of developing depression. The average resilience score was 26.3 (SD = 7.6); 62.6% of participants were in the lower quartile of the resilience scale. The gender of the informal caregiver and self-efficacy acted as moderating variables in the relationship between resilience and depression. The impact of resilience on depressive symptoms was more pronounced in female informal caregivers, and increased as self-efficacy increased. Discussion: Based on these findings, programs aimed at preventing depression in informal caregivers should focus on promoting resilience, especially in women, and introduce strategies to enhance self-efficacy to increase their impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: There is currently a lack of validated questionnaires designed specifically to assess mental health within patients with chronic gastroduodenal symptoms. This research describes the multi-phase process used to develop and validate a novel mental health scale for patients with chronic gastroduodenal symptoms, the Alimetry® Gut-Brain Wellbeing (AGBW) Survey. Methods: A patient-centered multi-phase process was implemented. In Phase 1, the most relevant concepts for this patient population were selected from existing mental health scales, using data from 79 patients. In Phase 2, an interdisciplinary panel of experts generated scale items. In Phase 3, the scale underwent pre-testing with gastroenterologists (n = 9), health psychologists (n = 3), and patients (n = 12), with feedback incorporated over multiple rounds. Lastly, the psychometric properties of the scale were assessed in a sample of 311 patients via an online survey. Results: The AGBW Survey comprises a patient preface, 10 close-ended questions, and an optional open-ended question. This multidimensional scale assesses general mental health, alongside specific subscales relating to depression, stress, and anxiety. The subscale and total scores demonstrated high internal consistency (α = 0.91 for the total scale; α = 0.72-0.86 for subscales) and good convergent, divergent, concurrent validity, and known groups validity, with large effect sizes. Conclusion: The AGBW Survey is a brief, valid, and reliable scale for assessing mental health in patients with chronic gastroduodenal symptoms. It can be used as a tool to complement physiological tests and has the potential to guide psychological referrals, inform multidisciplinary management, and evaluate treatment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The current systematic review aimed to examine the relationship between acculturative stress (AS) and psychological outcomes in international students to determine the role AS may play in predicting the mental health of international students. Methods: The studies included in the current systematic review and meta-analysis had considered AS and its impact on psychological outcomes among international students studying abroad. After checking the studies found in our primary search through the scientific databases in terms of our eligibility criteria, 29 studies were included, of which 26 were eligible for a meta-analysis (total N = 7,247). Results: Meta-analysis indicated a moderate mean correlation of AS with psychological outcomes like depression, life satisfaction, quality of life, vocational outcome expectations, drinking behaviors, resilience, health promotion behavior, psychological adjustment, psychological distress, negative affect, and mental health symptoms (r =  0.39) and depression (r =  0.41), respectively. Discussion: The review of studies revealed a robust relationship between AS and increased negative psychological outcomes such as depression, psychological distress, and general stress, as well as decreased positive psychological outcomes such as psychological adjustment, mental health, life satisfaction, and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relative to the general population, adolescents with psychiatric disorders such as major depression disorder are incarcerated (and reincarcerated) at higher rates. Current research is mixed on whether this association is a cause, consequence, or the product of selection. For example, aggression can lead to more depressive symptoms, yet depression is associated with antisocial behaviors (e.g., delinquency). To better understand the relationship between depression and delinquent behavior, we used the discordant kinship model to examine data from sibling pairs in the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth 1979, a nationally representative study. By explicitly modeling within- and betweenfamily variance, we reduced the influence of genetic and shared-environmental confounds on our analysis. Our results suggest that the relationship between depression and delinquency is not causal, but rather a product of selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypnosis has been applied in healing procedures since the earliest of recorded history and today it is implemented in a wholesome concept Hypnotherapy (HT1). On a neurophysiological level, hypnosis has been associated with parts of the Default Mode Network (DMN2), but its effects on this network when induced in a treatment setting of a widespread disorder, namely depression, have never been investigated. Depression is associated with abnormal functional connectivity (FC3) of the DMN. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT4) has proven itself to be an effective treatment for depression; effects of CBT on DMN-related regions are heterogeneous. In the past years, HT was found to be a promising alternative or helpful adjunction. Yet, its underlying mechanisms remain to be unclear. In this original study 75 depressed patients receiving either CBT or HT were included and measured during resting-state before and after therapy with functional near-infrared-spectroscopy (fNIRS5). On symptom level, results show a significant reduction in both groups. On a neurophysiological level, first exploratory analyses hint toward treatment effects in two components of the DMN. However, these effects do not withstand correction for multiple testing. Still, our study is a first stepstone in the investigation of neural mechanisms of HT and offers first ideas about possible implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Metacognition is a crucial aspect of understanding and attributing mental states, playing a key role in the psychopathology of eating disorders (EDs). This study aims to explore the diverse clinical profiles of metacognition among patients with EDs using latent profile analysis (LPA). Method: A total of 395 patients with a DSM-5 diagnosis of ED (116 AN-R, 30 AN/BP, 100 BN, 149 BED) participated in this study. They completed self-report measures assessing metacognition, eating psychopathology, depression, emotional dysregulation, personality traits, and childhood adversities. LPA and Welch ANOVAs were conducted to identify profiles based on metacognition scores and examine psychological differences between them. Logistic regression models were employed to explore associations between personal characteristics and different profiles. Results: A 3-class solution had a good fit to the data, revealing profiles of high functioning (HF), intermediate functioning (IF), and low functioning (LF) based on levels of metacognitive impairments. Participants in the IF group were older and had a higher BMI than those in the HF and LF groups. Individuals with BN were largely categorized into HF and LF profiles, whereas participants with BED were mainly included in the IF profile. Participants in the LF group reported an impaired psychological profile, with high levels of depression, emotional dysregulation, childhood adversity, and personality dysfunction. Multinomial logistic regression analyses showed significant associations between metacognitive profiles and emotional and neglect abuse, emotion dysregulation, and detachment. Conclusion: This exploratory study unveils distinct metacognitive profiles in EDs, providing a foundation for future research and targeted interventions. In this light, metacognitive interpersonal therapy could be a valid and effective treatment for EDs, as suggested by the initial promising results for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There are several risk factors associated with developing mental disorders among people over 60 years of age. Mental health encompasses multiple domains or capacities, which can comprise the psychological wellbeing of older people. Therefore, resilient coping, self-compassion, self-esteem, hopelessness, quality of life, and depression are considered the characteristics and adaptive mechanisms that bring together the main risk and protective factors for imbalance in mental wellbeing. Objective: This study aimed to establish the demographic, social, and family factors, as well as the clinical characteristics and lifestyle habits that influence the mental health of the elderly people in the city of Medellin, in the year 2021, to build a mental health index. Methodology: This study adopts a quantitative approach, employs retrospective temporality, and utilizes secondary sources. A cross-sectional survey was carried out with the SABAM Project (health and mental wellbeing of older adults from five cities in Colombia in 2021 by its Spanish acronym) database (secondary source), which is part of the research group "Public Health Observatory" of CES University (Medellin, Colombia). The database comprised 500 records of people aged over 60 years from the city of Medellin in 2021. While constructing the index, a principal component analysis was used, along with the Varimax method for factor analysis rotation. Results: The median age of the general population was 67 years (IQR 6372); for men, the median age was 66 years (IQR 63-71) and for women, the median age was 67 years (IQR 63-72). An association was found between low socioeconomic levels, alcohol consumption, and the level of higher education (university--postgraduate) with low levels of the Mental Health Index in people over 60 years of age in Medellin during the year 2021. Conclusion: A quantitative model was developed to predict either a positive or negative prognosis in the mental wellbeing of the population over 60 years of age in the city of Medellin. The model was also used for the development of a sociodemographic profile highlighting the impact on mental health among people over 60 years of age with limited economic resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cognitive distortion scale (CDS) is a self-rated measure to assess the degree of cognitive distortion which is 10 thinking errors commonly seen in depression. However, there is no scale to measure 10 types cognitive distortions specific to depression in Japan. Therefore, this study translated the CDS into Japanese (CDS-J), and examined its factor structure, validity, and reliability in a Japanese population. A total of 237 healthy individuals and 39 individuals with depression participated in this study. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the appropriateness of the CDS-J's 10-factor structure. Regarding convergent validity, CDS-J was significantly correlated with dysfunctional attitudes, negative automatic thoughts, and depression. Regarding discriminant validity, the CDS-J showed no significant correlation with positive automatic thoughts. The total CDS-J scores of the healthy participants and of those with major depression were compared. The results showed significant differences between groups. Finally, the CDS-J was found to have a high test--retest reliability. Therefore, the CDS-J is a valid and reliable tool for assessing cognitive distortions in Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of sleep quality problems and depression in the college student population has attracted widespread attention. However, the factors influencing this are still unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between self-compassion (S-C), sleep quality (SQ), and depression (DEP) among college students and examine the mediating effects of coping style (CS) between the variables. Methods: A total of 1,038 Chinese university students were recruited for the study. The study used the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to conduct the survey. Results: The self-compassion and coping style showed significant negative correlations with sleep quality and depression. Coping style partially mediated the relationship between self-compassion and sleep quality. The coping style also fully mediated the relationship between self-compassion and depression. Conclusion: This study reveals the associations between self-compassion and sleep quality and depression, and the mediating role of coping style among college students. This study provides valuable insights for improving sleep quality and alleviating depression problems among college students. It emphasizes the importance of self-compassion and positive coping style. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, the reintegration of Chinese international student returnees intersects with China’s critical effort to combat a significant brain drain of highly skilled talents, highlighting an unprecedented psychological battleground. This convergence underscores the urgent need for nuanced research to navigate the uncharted territory of their mental health. Methods: Employing Bayesian analysis supported by Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms, this study examined depression prevalence and associated factors among 1,014 Chinese returnees. The sample comprised 44.87% male participants (455), 51.58% female participants (523), and 3.55% identifying as “Others” (36), with an age distribution of 61.74% aged 18-30 (626), 28.80% aged 31-40 (292), and 9.47% aged 41-50 (96). The mean age of participants was 29.6 years, ranging from 18 to 50 years. PHQ-9 diagnoses revealed alarming levels of depression, with 47.9% exhibiting a moderately severe degree of depressive disorder. Results: Our findings highlight the intricate interplay between identity clusters— “homestayers” (those leaning towards a Chinese cultural identity), “navigators” (those with a bicultural identity), and “wayfarers” (those leaning towards a foreign cultural identity)—and the likelihood of depression. Specifically, homestayers showed a clear and strong negative association, navigators demonstrated a positive association, and wayfarers had a positive yet unclear correlation with depression levels. Furthermore, acculturation, age, and gender showed no significant effects, whereas education mildly mitigated depression. Discussion: Based on these findings, we suggest the implementation of bettertailored mental health support and policies to facilitate smoother reintegration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: COVID-19 led to a horrific global pandemic, with strict lockdowns and prolonged indoor stays increasing the risk of mental health problems, affecting people of different ages, genders, regions, and types of work to varying degrees. This study provides a bibliometric summary of the knowledge map related to mental health during and post COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Publications related to mental health during and post COVID-19 pandemic were searched in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database through March 19, 2024. After screening the search results, the literature included in the final was first quantitatively analyzed using GraphPad Prism software and then visualized using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and R (the bibliometrix package). Results: The 7,047 publications from 110 countries were included, with the highest number of publications from China and the United States, and the number of publications related to mental health during and post the COVID-19 pandemic increased annually until 2023, after which it began to decline. The major institutions were University of Toronto, University of London, Harvard University, King's College London, University College London, University of California System, University of Melbourne, Institut National De La Sante Et De La Recherche Medicale (Inserm), Mcgill University, and University of Ottawa; Frontiers in Psychiatry had the highest number of publications, and the Journal of Affective Disorders had the highest number of co-citations; 36,486 authors included, with Xiang, Yu-Tao, Cheung, Teris, Chung, Seockhoon published the most papers, and World Health Organization, Kroenke K, and Wang CY were the most co-cited; epidemiologically relevant studies on mental health related to COVID-19, and the importance of mental health during normalized epidemic prevention and control are the main directions of this research area, especially focusing on children's mental health; "pandemic," "sars-cov-2," "epidemic," "depression," "coronavirus anxiety," "anxiety," "longitudinal," "child," "coronavirus anxiety," "longitudinal," "child," and "coronavirus" are the top keywords in recent years. Conclusion: This comprehensive bibliometric study summarizes research trends and advances in mental health during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic. It serves as a reference for mental health research scholars during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, clarifying recent research preoccupations and topical directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]