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Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of Niaoshitong on ureteral calculi and residuary ureteral calculi after holmiumlaser lithotripsy through ureteropyeloscopy. Methods Conservative treatment: 4 869 patients with ureteral calculi received outpatient treatment during Jan., 2013 to Dec., 2015 were randomly divided into 3 groups. The treatment group was treated by Niaoshitong, the control group was treated by Tamsulosin, while the black group was treated without any drugs. The dearance rate of ureteral calculi and theraputic effectiveness was compared between 3 groups after two weeks therapy. Postoperative adjuvant therapy: 662 patients with ureteral calculus under went holmium laser lithotripsy through ureteropyeloscopy were randomly divided into 3 groups. The treatment group was treated by Niaoshitong, the control group was treated by Tamsulosin, while the black group was treated without any drugs. The calculi clearance rate was compared between three groups after two weeks therapy. Results In the patients received conservative treatment, for upper ureter calculi, the calculi discharge rate of treatment group was obviously better than that of the control group and the blank group (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference among the 3 groups in theraputic effectiveness of calculi<6 mm, while it was statistically better in the treatment group than that in the control group and the black group when calculi were 6-10 mm (P<0.05). For lower ureter calculi,the dearance rate of treatment group and control group were obviously better than that in the blank group (P<0.05), There was no statistical difference (P>0.05) among the 3 groups in theraputic effectiveness of calculi<6 mm, while it was statistical ly better in the treatment group and the control group than that in the black group when calculi were 6-10 mm (P<0.05). In the patients received postoperative adjuvant therapy, the clearance rate in the treatment group was obviously better than that in the control group and the blank group (P<0.05) calculi, while there was no statistical difference among the 3 groups when the calculi were in the middle or lower segment of the ureter. Meanwhile, there was no statistical difference among the 3 groups when the calculi was 10 mm below, but when the calculi was 10 mm above the clearance rate in the treatment group was obviously better than that in the control group and the blank group (P<0.05). Conclusions Niaoshitong can be used to treate for the calculi in the whole ureter to increase the dearance rate. It can also as an auxiliary way of holmiumlaser lithotripsy through ureteropyeloscopy to improve the clearance rate of calculi.It is safe, reliable and worthy of clinical popularization and application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]