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Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) plus chemotherapy has demonstrated efficacy in resectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet the optimal period of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy is undetermined. In a phase II study (neoSCORE, NCT04459611), more neoadjuvant therapy cycles appeared to provide greater pathological remission, and patients with squamous NSCLC had a better major pathological response rate than those with nonsquamous NSCLC. Sintilimab, a monoclonal anti-PD-1 antibody, has shown encouraging antitumor activity and safety in multiple cancers, including NSCLC. Here, we describe the study design of neoSCORE II (NCT05429463), a randomized, open-label, multicenter phase III trial comparing the efficacy and safety of three cycles with four cycles of neoadjuvant sintilimab plus platinum-based chemotherapy in resectable stage IIA–IIIB squamous NSCLC. Trial registration number:NCT05429463 (ClinicalTrials.gov) NeoSCORE II: a phase 3 trial comparing the efficacy and safety of three cycles with four cycles of neoadjuvant sintilimab plus platinum-based chemotherapy in resectable stage IIA-IIIB squamous NSCLC. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05429463. #NSCLC #immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]