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In this paper we will make an approach to the most important elements that defined the development of a battle in Ancient Times, especially in the roman case. We will consider such factors as the length of such confrontations or the low number of casualties from the victorious army. This paper is based on the critical study of classical literary sources. Our goal is to provide a different approach to the Ancient Combat. The movies and the literature have shown us the battles as a chaotic and frantic thing, where the combatants are mixed and where the fight comes down to individual duel. The truth is that the classic texts describe the battles as an organized struggle, prolonged and collective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, when talking about the vaccei, discussions focus on the debate of geographic and cultural boundaries and on the definition of their identity, but bearing in mind that the life of this people was sold for thousands of years by the Roman assimilation. A further reflection makes us wonder if this identity has survived to some extension up to the present: concepts such as the controversial "vaccean collectivism" were used to support various ideological discourses, furthermore it shouldn't be missed the popular uptake of this ancient people today through Rugby's team (vacceos cavaliers), partnerships, trademarks and wines with the name of vaccei, among many others. The aim of this paper is to study how the various factors that determine or define that culture have been used over recent history. Keywords: vacceoi, identity, conceptual assimilation, recent history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to elucidate the role of late Antique poetry in the social construction of the Barbarian "other", a crucial point in the identity crisis of the late Roman Empire. To this end, I focus on Sidonius Apollinaris' (430/431-489 AD) caustic carmen 12, better known as "The Satire of Burgundians" (written around 461 AD). This poem -full of a bitter humour- shows the frustration of a nostalgic aristocrat, who -although eager to preserve the rich cultural legacy of the Roman world- must face the changes necessarily brought up by the appearance of this new "other" on the Western horizon. Ultimately, the poet is even compelled to confess the unfeasibility of his project, the impossibility of poetry. Taking the obvious ideological bias of this literary perspective as a starting point, I try to reconstruct the internal history of Burgundians, one of the most enterprising and creative human groups on the Proto-Germanic scene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The verbal image of Roma Aeterna is one of the most long-lived concepts in Western History. Its tradition flows without interruption from the last decades of the Roman Republic to the end of the Empire. From that time onwards, the expression Roma Aeterna maintained its politic meaning. The aim of this paper is to approach the myth of Roma Aeterna through the representations that gave visual form to this concept, taking as starting point the iconographic elements from the Imperial period, to continue with those that overcome the Pagan Empire. Thus, we will value the global use of certain images from an inter-disciplinary point of view, specially those still present in the popular belief about Rome, in order to show the convenience of strengthening links between different fields, as History and History of Art. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A classical statement by Giuffrè points out that "the army as the main foundation of Roman Empire is beyond discussion". This centrality of the army and the military dimension in ancient Roman world was also perceived by the Romans themselves and a good proof of it can be found in the written reflections about the res militaris, most of times with prevalence of practical matters, but without omitting some remarkable theoretical aspects. The continuous cultivation of this subject-matter gave form to a proper literary subgenre with its own tradition within Latin technical literature. This literary tradition is underservedly unknown and has received few attention from scholars. Therefore, the aim of these paper is to provide a complete diachronic profile of Latin polemography and an outline of its main features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]