Search

Antecedentes: En México, las tasas de mortalidad por cáncer han experimentado cambios a lo largo de las últimas décadas. Objetivo: Analizar la evolución de las tasas de mortalidad por cáncer en México entre 1990 y 2021. Materiales y métodos: Del Global Burden of Disease (GBD) se obtuvieron las tasas de mortalidad de los 10 tipos de cáncer más predominantes en México, en el ámbito nacional y por estados, considerando distintos grupos etarios y el sexo. En el GBD se reasignan las causas mal clasificadas y se distribuyen entre los distintos cánceres; posteriormente se modelan y ajustan las causas al total de fallecimientos con un modelo de conjunto de causas de muerte y un corrector de causas, con lo cual se corrigen registros de mortalidad del INEGI. Resultados: La tasa de mortalidad por cáncer pasó de 117.87 en 1990 a 84.18 en 2021. En las mujeres, los cánceres de mama, cervicouterino, estómago y pulmón fueron los más frecuentes; en los hombres, de próstata, estómago, pulmón, colon y recto. Destacó la disminución de la mortalidad por cáncer en hombres y mujeres, en particular por cáncer de pulmón y cérvix uterino. Conclusiones: Los resultados ofrecen información para desarrollar políticas de salud y estrategias de prevención y control específicas para enfrentar el impacto del cáncer en México. more...

Background: In Mexico, cancer mortality rates have undergone changes over the past decades., Objective: To analyze the evolution of cancer mortality rates in Mexico between 1990 and 2021., Materials and Methods: Based on the Global Burden of Disease study, the mortality rates for the 10 most prevalent types of cancer in Mexico were obtained, at the national and regional level and by states, considering different age groups and gender. Global Burden of Disease reassigns misclassified causes and distributes them among different types of cancer; subsequently, it models and adjusts the causes to the total number of deaths with a model of a set of causes of death and a cause corrector, which corrects INEGI's mortality records., Results: The cancer mortality rate went from 117.87 in 1990 to 84.18 in 2021. In women, breast, cervical, stomach and lung cancers were the most frequent. In men, the most common were prostate, stomach, lung, and colon and rectum cancer. The decrease in cancer mortality for men and women stood out, particularly from lung and cervical cancer., Conclusions: The results provide information for the development of health policies and specific prevention and control strategies to address the impact of cancer in Mexico., (Copyright: © 2023 Permanyer.) more...

Etiology of gastric cancer is related to environmental and host factors, Helicobacter pylori infection is the main environmental factor, but it has been also proposed that some major histocomnpatibility complex genes are related to susceptibility and resistance to develop Helicobacter pylori associated gastric diseases. The aim of this study was to study distribution and frequency of some HLA -DQ genes, among Mexican patients harboring gastric diseases. We studied 20 subjects suffering from gastric cancer and 40 subjects harboring Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic gastritis. Diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy. HLA genotyping was performed by a polymerase chain reaction procedure. Ninety nine healthy individuals were also utilized for comparative purposes. Patients with gastric cancer displayed high frequency of HLA-DQA1*0601 (p = 0.003; OR = 20.9, 95% CI = 2.11-506.2) and HLA-DQB1*0501 alleles, the latter when compared to patients with chronic gastritis (p = 0.04; OR = 3.58, 95% CI = 1.05-12.5) and to healthy individuals (p = 0.002; OR = 4.5, 95% CI =1.59-12.7). According to our results, in addition to Helicobacter pylori infection, there are immunogeneic markers of the HLA-DQ region, which are determinant in confering susceptibility for gastric cancer. more...