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Objetivo: El dolor de espalda es un motivo frecuente de asistencia sanitaria en los países occidentales. El presente estudio se dirigió a establecer la prevalencia del dolor de espalda en la población adulta de Cataluña, así como sus características, su vinculación a las variables sociodemográficas, la conducta terapéutica seguida y las consecuencias para quienes lo sufren. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo realizado en 1994 a partir de una muestra de 1.964 personas, representativa de la población mayor de 18 años y obtenida a partir del censo de 1991. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante una entrevista telefónica. Se determinó la prevalencia de dolor en general durante los últimos 6 meses. En aquellos entrevistados que refirieron haber sufrido dolor de espalda, se analizaron sus características, se investigó su relación con las variables sociodemográficas, y se determinaron las conductas terapéuticas empleadas para aliviarlo y las consecuencias personales, sociales y laborales. Resultados: El dolor de espalda presentó una elevada prevalencia (50,9%), apareció en todas las edades (media [DE], 47,6 [17] años), predominó en mujeres (60,7%), en trabajadores manuales (54,9%) y en personas con menos años de escolarización (71,1%). Era de larga evolución (el 69,2%, más de 3 años), frecuente (el 49,7%, más de la mitad de días), de duración variable (el 27,3%, más de 1 semana) e intensidad elevada (el 51,4%, intenso-insoportable). Las opciones terapéuticas más empleadas fueron la consulta médica (71,9%), terapias no convencionales (24,7%), fisioterapia (el 22,7%, sobre todo ejercicios físicos y electroterapia) y automedicación (14,6%). En general, la duración y el grado de alivio obtenido con los diversos tratamientos fue variable. El dolor de espalda limitó la actividad habitual (36,7%), obligó a guardar cama (22,7%), generó baja laboral (17%) y fue motivo de invalidez profesional (6,5%). Conclusiones: El dolor de espalda constituye una situación clínica de elevada frecuencia en la población catalana y un motivo muy importante de utilización de atención médica y de limitación de la actividad personal y profesional.Background: Back pain is a common symptom of health assistance in Western countries. The goal of the present survey was to establish the prevalence of back pain in the general population in Catalonia, as well as to establish its characteristics, its relationship to sociodemographic variables, the therapeutic behavior followed by those affected and the associated-impairment and disabilities for the sufferers. Methods: The survey was a descriptive study including a sample of 1,964 people, obtained from the census (1991) and representative of the population older than 18 years. The study was done in 1994 and data were obtained by means of a telephone interview. The prevalence of pain in the last six months was determined. Among those suffering back pain, additional information was obtained concerning its characteristics, the relationship with socio-demographic variables, the therapeutic behaviors used by patients, and the personal, social and work impairment and disabilities. Results: Back pain was highly prevalent (50.9%), appeared in all ages (mean age of 47.6 years), was the highest in women (60.7%), in manual workers (54.9%) and in those less educated (71.1%). Back pain was long lasting (69.2% more than 3 years), frequent (49.7% more than the half of the days), and highly painful (severe-unbearable in 51.4%). The therapeutic behaviors most commonly used were the visit to the physician (71.9%), the use of alternative medical treatments (24.7%), physical therapy (22.7%, physical exercises and electrotherapy) and self-medication (14.6%, being acetylsalicylic acid the most employed). In general, the duration and degree of improvement was variable. Back pain limited the daily activities (36.7%) and forced to bed rest (22.7%). It was also a significant reason for time off work (17%) and disability pension (6.5%). Conclusions: Back pain has a very high prevalence in the Catalonian population and is an important reason to seek medical attention. It greatly limits the daily personal and professional activities.

Scientific writing is one of the competences required and requested by health professionals. There are several course formats designed for acquiring these competences, although the improvement after taking part in these courses is not always demonstrated. Through an open and non-randomized experimental design, the SCRIU-B study aims to evaluate the acquisition of competencies in scientific writing after specific training courses (face-to-face and online) as well as the satisfaction of the participants with these courses. A control group with participants from other training workshops not related to scientific writing is included. Through different questionnaires about knowledge, attitudes and skills we will evaluate and compare the improvement of their scientific writing skills. The results of the study will allow us to assess the usefulness of these courses and improve their format and implementation., (Copyright © 2021 SESPAS. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Unsurprisingly, disciplines such as epidemiology, public health and pharmacology have points of confluence. Consequently, in Spain, both professionals and organizations from these disciplines have collaborated on many different activities altogether. This article compiles two decades of shared initiatives among these fields, coordinated by the Esteve Foundation. We discuss 20 collaborations, including face-to-face activities and joint publications. These activities involved numerous institutions and over 1,000 professionals. Among other activities, we would like to stress the training activities in scientific writing and editing. In particular, we highlight the 32 editions of a training workshop on how to write a scientific article, which has been running since 2004 to the present day. We conclude that collaborations between different institutions and professionals have acted and will continue to act as a bridge between disciplines and to contribute to scientific progress from a multidisciplinary perspective., (Copyright © 2014 SESPAS. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To identify public health core competencies and contents in pharmacy degrees at a meeting of public health lecturers in pharmacy degrees from various public and private universities., Methods: The first Meeting of the Forum of University Teaching Staff in Pharmacy Degrees was held at the Faculty of Medicine in the Complutense University, Madrid, Spain on the 19(th) and 20(th) of November 2013. The meeting was attended by 17 lecturers. Participants brought their own teaching programs and were given two previous studies on public health competencies for analysis of public health contents and competencies in pharmacy degrees. Working groups were formed and the results were shared., Results: The highest number of core competencies was identified in the following functions: "Assessment of the population's health needs" and "Developing health policies". The final program included basic contents organized into 8 units: Concept of Public Health, Demography, Epidemiological Method, Environment and Health, Food Safety, Epidemiology of Major Health Problems, Health Promotion and Education, and Health Planning and Management., Conclusions: Representation of almost all the Spanish Pharmacy Faculties and the consensus reached in the description of competences and program contents will greatly improve the quality of teaching in this area., (Copyright © 2014 SESPAS. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To describe the sequence of events involving the Glivec® case in India and to analyze the opinions generated in distinct settings., Method: We performed a systematic search for articles concerning the imatinib (Glivec®) patent in India. We selected those sources that described the events, decisions of the authorities involved, and press and scientific opinions. Dates and arguments presented by the involved parties were clearly identified., Results: Of 886 documents initially obtained, we selected 40 documents published between 2003 and 2013. Most of them were press news and commentaries. The process lasted 7 years, starting in 2006 when the Indian Patent Office rejected the patent application filed by Novartis. It ended in 2013 when the Indian Supreme Court upheld this decision. It was argued that the Indian Patent Law would facilitate access to medicines in the Third World and the final decision has received support by the general population. Although the court's final decision has been supported by several institutions, an objective analysis should also take into account the arguments of the pharmaceutical companies and other entities., Conclusion: The Glivec® case gave rise to an intense debate on the appropriateness of international standards on patents, their applicability and how they should be adopted in each country. This case, as well as other cases, should serve to stimulate reflection on the international patent system and to achieve scenarios in which the health of the poorest populations is protected but also balanced against intellectual property protection and innovation., (Copyright © 2014 SESPAS. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To identify the basic competencies and contents related to public health to be included in degree programs according to the perspective of lecturers from various Spanish universities., Method: In the context of the Second Workshop on Public Health Contents in Degree Programs (Mahon, 19 to 20 September 2012), 20 lecturers from different Spanish universities were distributed in five working groups. The lecturers had been selected from the instructional guides on public health and epidemiology published on the web sites of the Rectors' Conference of Spanish Universities. Each group worked on a degree program and the results were discussed in plenary sessions., Results: The activities and competencies related to the three basic functions of public health were identified in all degree programs. Most of the professional competencies identified were related to the function of «assessment of population health needs». The contents proposed by the working groups related to epidemiology, basic concepts in public health, public health intervention, health management, and health policy. The main common topics among the degrees concerned the first three contents., Conclusions: Public health professional competencies and contents were identified in the degree programs examined. These results may serve as a starting point for a more detailed review of public health programs across degree levels and the search for a consensus on the common content that should be included in each of them., (Copyright © 2013 SESPAS. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.)

Background: Back pain is a common symptom of health assistance in Western countries. The goal of the present survey was to establish the prevalence of back pain in the general population in Catalonia, as well as to establish its characteristics, its relationship to sociodemographic variables, the therapeutic behavior followed by those affected and the associated-impairment and disabilities for the sufferers., Methods: The survey was a descriptive study including a sample of 1,964 people, obtained from the census (1991) and representative of the population older than 18 years. The study was done in 1994 and data were obtained by means of a telephone interview. The prevalence of pain in the last six months was determined. Among those suffering back pain, additional information was obtained concerning its characteristics, the relationship with socio-demographic variables, the therapeutic behaviors used by patients, and the personal, social and work impairment and disabilities., Results: Back pain was highly prevalent (50.9%), appeared in all ages (mean age of 47.6 years), was the highest in women (60.7%), in manual workers (54.9%) and in those less educated (71.1%). Back pain was long lasting (69.2% more than 3 years), frequent (49.7% more than the half of the days), and highly painful (severe-unbearable in 51.4%). The therapeutic behaviors most commonly used were the visit to the physician (71.9%), the use of alternative medical treatments (24.7%), physical therapy (22.7%, physical exercises and electrotherapy) and self-medication (14.6%, being acetylsalicylic acid the most employed). In general, the duration and degree of improvement was variable. Back pain limited the daily activities (36.7%) and forced to bed rest (22.7%). It was also a significant reason for time off work (17%) and disability pension (6.5%)., Conclusions: Back pain has a very high prevalence in the Catalonian population and is an important reason to seek medical attention. It greatly limits the daily personal and professional activities.