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Objetivos: Analizar las diferencias en calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en función de la categoría ponderal basada en el índice de masa corporal en niños y niñas de 8 a 12 años de edad. Métodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo con 678 escolares de 8 a 12 años de la provincia de Alicante (España). Se compararon las puntaciones en las dimensiones de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, evaluada mediante la versión española del Child Health and Illness Profile-Child Edition, en función de las categorías ponderales (siguiendo los World Health Organization Child Growth Standards) y del sexo. Resultados: El 28,2% y el 15,3% presentaron sobrepeso y obesidad, respectivamente. No se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p > 0,05) entre las categorías ponderales en las dimensiones de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. Conclusiones: La falta de conciencia en los niños pequeños sobre el impacto de la obesidad en la calidad de vida plantea la necesidad de intervenciones centradas en dicha salud percibida desajustada.Objective: To analyze differences in health-related quality of life across weight categories based on body mass index in boys and girls aged 8 to 12 years old. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 678 schoolchildren aged between 8 and 12 years from the province of Alicante (Spain) was conducted. The scores on the dimensions of health-related quality of life, assessed by the Spanish version of the Child Health and Illness Profile-Child Edition, across the weight categories (according to the World Health Organization Child Growth Standards) and sex, were compared. Results: Overweight or obesity was found in 28.2% and 15.3% of the sample, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) across the weight categories on the distinct dimensions of health-related quality of life. Conclusions: Children are unaware of the impact of obesity on quality of life. Interventions to increase knowledge of this issue are required.

Objetivos: Analizar el coste-efectividad de una intervención de actividad física de tiempo libre diseñada para reducir el sobrepeso, la obesidad y otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular en escolares. Métodos: Se realiza un análisis de coste-efectividad desde la perspectiva social e institucional de un ensayo de campo aleatorizado por cluster en 10 colegios de intervención (691 niños) y 10 de control (718 niños). Se calculan los costes netos como la diferencia entre los costes del programa y las posibles alternativas. La efectividad se mide como la reducción en las medidas de salud frente al grupo de control. Resultados: El coste total de la intervención se estima en 125.469,75€, 269,83€ por año y niño. Los escolares del grupo de intervención mostraron un descenso del grosor del pliegue cutáneo tricipital (-1,25mm; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: -1,82 a -0,67; pP75. Conclusiones: Realizar programas de actividad física como la intervención objeto de estudio es una forma coste-efectiva de prevenir la obesidad y de hacer un uso rentable de los fondos públicos.Objective: To assess the cost-effectiveness a school-based intervention designed to reduce overweight/obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors in children. Methods: Standard cost effectiveness analysis methods and two perspectives (societal and institutional) were used. A cluster-randomized controlled trial with 10 intervention schools (691 children) and 10 control schools (718 children) was performed. Net costs were calculated by subtracting the usual after-school care cost from intervention costs. The effectiveness of the intervention was measured as the reduction in health outcomes compared with the control group. Results: The intervention costs totaled 125,469.75€, representing 269.83€/year/child. The usual after-school care was estimated at 844,56€/year/child. Intervention children showed a decrease in triceps skinfold thickness (-1.25mm, 95% CI: -1.82 to -0.67; P P75 showed a decrease in triceps skinfold thickness (-1.87mm; 95%CI: -3.43 to -0.32; P

Objective: To compare the nutritional quality of the foods and beverages advertised on television in Spain, before and after the plan to improve their composition., Method: DTT broadcasts of the more popular channels were recorded in children's hours. Every advertised products in commercial breaks were registered and their nutritional data collected. We compared the distribution of frequencies by food categories and their adherence to the nutritional standards of the World Health Organization in 2017 and 2020., Results: In 256h of broadcasting we identified 173 products (78 in 2017 and 95 in 2020). The most advertised products were chocolates (26.9% in 2017 and 22.1% in 2020). 76.3% of the products advertised were unhealthy (76.9% in 2017 vs. 75.8% in 2020; p=0.86)., Conclusions: The nutritional profile of the foods and drinks advertised on television, mostly unhealthy, did not change after the implementation of the plan to improve their composition. A regulation is needed to protect children from food advertising., (Copyright © 2022 SESPAS. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To explore the frame, individual or collective, of childhood obesity in the main Spanish lay media., Method: Analysis of a convenience sample of 132 publications regarding childhood obesity (August 2016-September 2018). Descriptive analysis about approach, measures and causes of obesity and food industry influence in the development of the publication., Results: 47% of the publications presented an individual approach. 54% included eating and physical activity as cause. 29% of the measures propose a healthy environment and 27% individual recommendations. Individual frame was present in 77% of the news influenced by the industry., Conclusion: Publications on childhood obesity of the main Spanish lay press reveal a predominance of the individual approach to the problem. This majority perception may condition the development and implementation of public health policies or interventions., (Copyright © 2019. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U.)

Objective: To systematically describe the school nutritional policies of the 17 autonomous communities of Spain., Method: Through a search of bibliographic databases, web pages and other official information systems, 183 documents of interest were identified. Information was systematically collected with the SNIPE (school nutrition index of programme effectiveness) questionnaire, adapted to Spain, and validated by reference staff of the regional government's health and education ministries., Results: The main objective of the policies is to prevent obesity and improve the nutrition of schoolchildren. The 17 autonomous communities cover the school canteen service, 11 cafeteria and vending machines, and 9 the breakfast service. All communities use the Consensus Document on School Food as a reference for the content of the menu and the nutritional quality of the products offered at the school; however, only 4 of them have regulated these aspects. The evaluation of policy objectives ranges from 58.8% of the autonomous communities for food supply to 5.9% for rotation and menu quality., Conclusion: Although all the autonomous communities have standards for the school menu, the standards for the rest of the food supply vary across them; also, evaluation of objectives is scarce and only 4 communities have approved mandatory regulations. Nutritional standards should be reviewed according to current scientific knowledge and enacted by law, in compliance with the current legislation (Act 17/2011)., (Copyright © 2019 SESPAS. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To describe the nutritional content of products offered in food and drink vending machines at secondary schools in the Madrid Autonomous Community (Spain), and to evaluate these items' adherence to the nutritional recommendations of the National Health System Consensus Document on School Food., Methods: Cross-sectional study of a sample of 330 secondary schools in Madrid across the period 2014-2015. Secondary school vending machines were identified by telephone interview. The products offered in a representative sample of six machines were identified by inspection in situ, and their nutritional composition was obtained from the labelling., Results: A total of 94.5% of the 55 products on offer failed to comply with at least one nutritional criterion of the Consensus Document on School Food. The recommendation relating to sugar content registered the highest level of non-compliance, with 52.7% of products, followed by the recommendations relating to energy (47.3%) and fats (45.5%). The mean number of unmet criteria was 2.2, with this figure being higher in foods than in drinks (2.8 versus 1; p <0.01)., Conclusion: Almost all the products on display in secondary school vending machines in Madrid were in breach of the Consensus Document on School Food, mainly due to an excess of calories, sugars and fats. Compulsory nutritional criteria and a procedure for monitoring adherence should be established, specifying those responsible for performing this task and the corrective measures to be applied in the event of non-compliance., (Copyright © 2017 SESPAS. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)