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In addition to managing malignant obstruction, esophageal stents (ESs) have evolved to address various benign etiologies of dysphagia. We sought to evaluate national trends and changes in practice of ES placement for both benign and malignant etiologies in hospitalized patients with dysphagia.The National Inpatient Sample (2003-2013) was used to include all adult inpatients (≥18 years of age) with endoscopy-guided ES placement for a symptom of dysphagia. Multivariable analyses for indications that impact temporal trends (3 time periods: 2003-2005, 2006-2009, and 2010-2013) and for hospital outcomes were performed.A total of 7198 ESs were deployed endoscopically in hospitalized patients with dysphagia. Compared with malignant etiologies, there was a significant increase in ES placement for benign conditions (2013 vs 2003: 32.7% vs 14.5%, respectively; P .001). Multivariable analysis using 2003 to 2005 as a reference showed that patients with benign etiologies for dysphagia predominantly contributed to the increase of ES placement during the most recent time period (2010-2013: odds ratio, 2.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.40-3.13). Multivariable analysis of hospital outcomes revealed no differences in inpatient mortality, duration of hospital stay, and hospital costs between malignant and benign indications.In the preceding decade, ES placement for hospitalized patients with dysphagia has increased, driven largely by an over 8-fold rise in stent placement for benign indications. These findings warrant continued efforts to improve stent technology to decrease the risk of migration and review practice guidelines involving ES placement for benign etiologies.

Acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP) is associated with increased rates of morbidity in pregnancy. Because there is a paucity of population-based studies evaluating ABP in pregnancy, we sought to investigate clinical outcomes in hospitalized pregnant women on a national level.By using the Nationwide Readmission Database (2011-2014), we identified all women (age ≥18 years) with an index admission for ABP in the United States. Multivariate and propensity-score matched analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of pregnancy on the clinical outcomes of early readmission and severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in ABP.There were 7787 hospitalizations for ABP in pregnant women during the study period. The rate of 30-day readmission was 16.26%; 57% of these early readmissions were due to adverse events of ABP. Compared with nonpregnant women with ABP, ERCP (21.1% vs 25.2%; P .001) and cholecystectomy (52.8% vs 55.2%; P = .02) were performed less frequently during pregnancy. Propensity-score matched analysis revealed an increased risk of 30-day readmissions in pregnancy (odds ratio [OR], 1.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.67-2.30), whereas there was no difference in the risk of SAP (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.76-1.57). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that weekend admission (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.10-1.79) and1 week of hospitalization (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.24-2.48) increased the risk of 30-day readmission, whereas ERCP (OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.27-0.57) and cholecystectomy (OR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.10-0.18) reduced the odds of early readmission in pregnancy.Pregnant women with ABP less frequently undergo timely endoscopic biliary decompression and cholecystectomy. These modifiable factors can potentially lower early readmissions in pregnant women.

intervals for patients who would otherwise undergo close surveillance or surgery per ICG recommendations. IMP also accurately identifies patients at high risk for malignancy, thereby providing evidence that immediate surgery consultation or close surveillance is necessary.References[1] Al-Haddad, M. A., Kowalski, T., Siddiqui, A., et al. Endoscopy 2014; EFirst.[2] Tanaka M, Fernandez-del Castillo C, Adsay V, et al. Pancreatology 2012; 12:183.