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Background and Aims: Endoscopic resection is accepted as standard treatment for intramucosal esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) that is well or moderately differentiated. Poor differentiation (PD) is judged as a risk factor for lymph node metastasis (LNM), and surgery is recommended. However, the evidence for this recommendation is weak. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical course of patients after endoscopic resection of EAC with PD., Methods: Patients undergoing endoscopic submucosal dissection for EAC were included from 16 German centers. Inclusion criteria were PD in the resection specimen, R0 resection, and endoscopic follow-up. Primary outcome was the metastasis rate during follow-up. Analysis was performed retrospectively in a prospectively collected database., Results: Twenty-five patients with PD as single risk factor (group A) and 15 patients with PD and additional risk factors (submucosal invasion and/or lymphovascular invasion) (group B) were included. The metastasis rate was was 1 of 25 (4.0%; 95% CI, .4%-17.2%) in group A and 3 of 15 (20.0%; 95% CI, 6.0%-44.4%) in group B, respectively (P = .293). The rate of EAC-associated deaths was 1 of 25 (4%; 95% CI, .4%-17.2%) versus 3 of 15 (20%; 95% CI, 6.0%-44.4%) in group B (P = .293). The overall death rate was 7 of 25 (28.0%; 95% CI, 13.5%-47.3%) versus 3 of 15 (20%; 95% CI, 6.0%-44.4%) (P = .715). Median follow-up was 30 months (interquartile range, 15-53 months)., Conclusions: During long-term follow-up, the risk of metastasis is low after endoscopic resection of mucosal EAC with PD as a single risk factor. A conservative approach seems justified in this small patient group. However, the treatment strategy must be determined on an individualized basis until further prospective data are available., Competing Interests: Disclosure All authors disclosed no financial relationships., (Copyright © 2024 American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) requires selective cannulation of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct. Selective common bile and pancreatic duct cannulation with standard techniques can be achieved in most but not all cases even in experienced centers. To facilitate selective cannulation, sphincterotomes can be used., Methods: A prospective randomized study aimed at selective deep cannulation of the common bile and pancreatic ducts comparing different ERCP procedures was performed. One hundred patients were randomly assigned to undergo cannulation with a standard catheter or with a guidewire sphincterotome (GS) without guidewire., Results: The primary success rate of selective common bile duct cannulation was significantly higher in the GS group (84%) as compared with the standard catheter group (62%) (p = 0.023). In patients with primary standard catheter failure, selective common bile duct cannulation was possible in 16 patients using a GS which increased the total success rate in the standard catheter group to 94% (p < 0.001). In GS failures selective common bile duct cannulation was possible in two patients using a standard catheter and increased the total success rate from 84% to 88%. The frequency of postinterventional pancreatitis did not differ significantly between the two groups., Conclusions: ERCP using a GS without guidewire has a significantly higher primary success rate for selective common bile duct cannulation then ERCP using a standard catheter. The use of a GS should be considered to optimize selective cannulation of the common bile duct before resorting to precut techniques.