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An experiment was performed on using advanced macroscopic nonlocal correlations to forecast slow random oscillations of the Dst index of geomagnetic activity. The global maximum of the correlation of Dst with the electrode detector signal reaches 0.97, which is sufficient for forecasting, and its time shift corresponds to advance of the detector signal relative to Dst for 329 days. The large magnitude of the time shift is due to the slow diffusion mechanism of entanglement swapping between the detector and the source. In this case, the position of the global maximum of the correlation function coincides with the position of the global minimum of the entropy independence function, which confirms that it is not distorted by possible nonlinearity of the relationship and determines the optimal lead time of the forecast. Long series of test Dst forecasts have been calculated based on data from a nonlocal correlation detector with a fixed lead time using three methods: current regression, current impulse transient response, and current neural network. The forecast accuracy is sufficient for all practical purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data from a long-term experiment with monitoring of the vertical component of the electric field at the base from the surface to the bottom showed oscillations with quasi-periods of tens to hundreds of days in Lake Baikal. They are not caused by any internal sources, but they show a close relationship with intermittent oscillations of the solar X-ray radiation flux. This relationship is characterized by a high (up to 0.9) correlation with a large (multiday) delay. Variations in the electric field are naturally interpreted as a manifestation of the variability of the current in the hydrospheric segment of the global electric circuit over the Baikal Rift. The large delay can be explained by the indirect mechanism of influence in the fluxes of X-ray radiation from the Sun on the convection component of the current in the atmosphere through its complex effect on meteorological processes. In this case, the degree of correlation of X-ray radiation with the electric field is always very high, while the delay in different years can vary by an order of magnitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vertical component of the electric field along the surface-bottom baseline was measured for several years in the southwestern part of Baikal. The measurements revealed a correlation between long-term variations in the field that were interpreted as variations in the current in the hydrospheric segment of the global electric circuit with intermittent variations in the solar activity. However, the continuous measurement series were no longer than a year, which is shorter than the maximal quasi-period of the alternating variations. The first continuous two-year measurement series was made in 2014-2016. Its analysis shows quite strong variations with quasi-periods of up to 320 days, which correlate with variations in the solar X-ray flux. The effective delay of the correlation is about four days, which is evidence of an indirect effect of solar activity on the vertical current in the hydrosphere by rather slow atmospheric processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the data of deepwater measurements of the electric field’s vertical component in Lake Baikal, the relationship between electric field variations and those in background X-ray solar radiation has been revealed. A high correlation between these variations within periods of more than three months has been discovered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]