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Active fault zones are areas impacted by intense tectonic activity, where geohazards such as landslides occur and their distribution characteristics vary across segments. Using the Litang fault zone in the eastern Tibetan Plateau as an example, this study cataloged landslides within a 10 km range on both sides of the fault zone. The Litang fault zone was divided into four sections based on landform characteristics and the spatial distribution of active faults. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on the relationship between landslide distribution and topography, lithology, and active faults in different sections. Additionally, the study employed a random forest model to compare landslide susceptibility between the whole-region and its sub-regions. The results show that lithology and topography significantly influence the distribution of landslide types. The Upper Triassic sandstone, Slate exhibit more debris flows in areas with slopes ranging from 5° to 35°, while slopes >35° in the Upper Triassic sandstone, Slate are prone to unstable slopes. Rock avalanche occur in Upper Triassic sandstone, Slate, and Quaternary sand and gravel. Active faults play a key role in control ling landslides distribution through distance, hanging wall, locked segment, and direction effects. The number of landslides is positively correlated with the activity of faults. Additionally, the dip angle and motion characteristics of faults have significant influence on the distribution of landslides. The results of landslide susceptibility evaluation show that sub-region models have higher accuracy than the whole-region model. This study provides a new method for exploring the spatial distribution of landslides and can provide scientific reference for reducing landslide disasters in active fault zones. • Landslides is significantly influenced by distance, hanging wall, locked section, and directionality of the active fault • Fault activity is positively correlated with landslide numbers, while the dip angle and motion affect distribution pattern • Sub-regional model can effectively reveal the spatial differences in landslide susceptibility along the active fault zone [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Longxian-Baoji Fault Zone (LBFZ) is the main structural link between the compressional Liupanshan Mountain in north and the extensional Weihe Basin in south, which accommodated complex deformation between the Tibetan Plateau and the Ordos Block. We determined the tectonic activity of the normal faults in the LBFZ using combined ridge and stream profiles measured from the natural landscape and simulated by a numerical model. The well-preserved geomorphic features (i.e., scarps) and steep scarp slopes show that the Guguan-Guozhen Fault (GGF) has been active during the Late Pleistocene to Holocene. The distinct decrease of scarp heights of the GGF near Badu and the low scarp and land surface slopes of ridge and stream profiles for the inferred northern extension of the GGF demonstrate that the GGF terminates near Badu and does not extend farther to the north. The Taoyuan-Guichuansi Fault is determined to be an Early-Middle Pleistocene fault, as evident from the different shapes and low scarp slopes of stream profiles. The longitudinal profiles of the Qianyang-Biaojiao Fault are characterized by two segments with different slopes, indicating that the fault may not have been active during the Quaternary. Our results show that the profile shapes, spatial pattern of scarp height, and the slopes of scarp and land surface of ridge and stream profiles are appropriate metrics of fault activity. Furthermore, we constructed the landform evolution in the LBFZ and suggest that it is closely related to the active tectonics. The change in fault activity reflects a tectonic transformation from an extensional regime to a dominantly transtensional regime. • Tectonic activity of the Longxian-Baoji Fault Zone analyzed from DEMs and modelling • Profiles and slopes of streams, interfluve ridges, fault scarps and land surfaces analyzed • Morphological differences suggest different activity and timing between different faults • Spatial-temporal fault pattern insights used to construct a landform evolution model • LBFZ topography linked to change in active tectonics from extension to transtension [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The southern Liupanshan fault zone (SLFZ) has been active during the Holocene and accommodates complex deformation between the compressional Liupanshan Mountain and the extensional Weihe Graben. We characterized the active faulting of the SLFZ using interpretations of high-resolution satellite images, digital elevation models derived from structure-from-motion models, combined with field investigations. The presence of well-preserved linear fault troughs, scarps, knickpoints, offset streams and ridges, and landslides along the SLFZ indicate that surface-rupturing earthquakes have occurred along the SLFZ in the Holocene. Evidence from paleoseismic trenching indicates that the most recent earthquake occurred between 1607 ± 77 BCE and 1070 ± 90 CE, and thus may have been the 600 CE historical earthquake. The estimated magnitude of this earthquake is Mw 6.7. Radiometric dating of an offset fluvial terrace indicates a late Pleistocene to Holocene left-lateral slip rate of ~1.5 ± 0.3 mm/yr. Our geologic and geomorphic observations show that the SLFZ may extend into the Weihe Graben where the slip is transferred onto other active faults within the Weihe Graben. • The southern Liupanshan fault zone is a major block-bounding fault in NE Tibet. • Remote sensing and fault trenching were used to analyze paleoseismic activity. • Faulting spans the late Quaternary, including the 1607 BCE–1070 CE earthquake. • Late Quaternary faulting is left-lateral with a slip rate of ~1.5 mm/yr. • The fault zone accommodates deformation along the Liupanshan Range and Weihe Graben. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]