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There is growing consensus in the aerosol remote sensing community that Multi-Angle Photo-polarimetric (MAP) measurements are essential to unambiguously determine all aerosol properties relevant to quantify and understand the impact of aerosols on climate and air quality. This presentation will discuss the advanced algorithm development for aerosol and cloud retrieval from MAP instruments. This includes aerosol and cloud retrieval from the PARASOL mission (2004-2013) and its validation, estimation the Direct Radiative Effect of Aerosols (DREA) using PARASOL and other A-Train sensors, use of Neural Network techniques for cloud retrievals, and aerosol retrieval from airborne MAP instruments. Further, we will discuss the development of the SPEXone instrument for the NASA PACE mission (launch 2022) and its aerosol retrieval capabilities. SPEXone is a high accuracy MAP with 5 viewing angles with hyperspectral capability, that is expected to provide aerosol properties with unprecedented detail and accuracy. On the PACE mission SPEXone will be used in synergy with the Hyper-Angular Rainbow Polarimeter-2 (HARP-2) and the Ocean Color Instrument (OCI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previously, satellite-derived atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) Essential Climate Variable (ECV) data sets have been generated and made available via the GHG-CCI project of ESA's Climate Change Initiative (CCI, http://www.esa-ghg-cci.org/). Currently, the production and provision of these data sets is being continued operationally via the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S, https://climate.copernicus.eu/), which is implemented by ECMWF on behalf of the European Commission (EC). In this presentation an overview about these data sets will be given focusing on column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of CO2, denoted XCO2. Currently, this C3S data set covers the time period 2003-2017 but will be extended each year but one additional year. In addition, XCO2 from GOSAT is generated in quasi near-real-time for the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS, https://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/) and the combined C3S/CAMS data set covering 2003-2018 has been used to provide up-to-date information on, for example, annual mean XCO2 growth rates. Main applications for the C3S data set are climate and carbon related applications such as comparisons with climate models and improving our knowledge of CO2 sources and sinks. Current satellites have however not been optimized to monitor anthropogenic emissions. To improve this situation in the future, ESA and the EC supported by other institutions and European and international scientist are working on the specification of a CO2 Monitoring (CO2M) mission, which will likely be a constellation of Sentinel satellites. In addition to high-resolution (approx. 2x2 km2) CO2 and CH4 observations, CO2M will also provide Solar-Induced-Fluorescence (SIF) and information on NO2 and aerosols probably via dedicated instruments on the same platform. In the presentation an overview about these current and future Copernicus CO2-related activities will be presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]