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The objectives of the study are to determine the prevalence and potential risk factors of misuse of respiratory inhalers among hospitalized patients admitted at the CHU UcL Namur, site Godinne. Using a cross-sectional design, patients using respiratory inhalers since more than 7 days were recruited from a database established by the hospital pharmacy. Inhaler technique was assessed using a standardised check-list and graded misuse as major or minor errors using previously published criteria. Demographic and clinical data were prospectively collected using standardised tools. Among the 100 consecutive patients selected for the study (median of age: 68 years), the prevalence of misuse was 40%. According to univariate analysis, main risk factors of misuse were age, executive dysfunction, a low grip strength, a low level of manual dexterity and the type of inhaler used. The best predictor of misuse according to multivariate analysis was executive dysfunction as assessed by the BREF scale (batterie rapide d'efficience frontale) (adjusted odds ratio: 1.35 [CI95%: 1.11-1.64]; p: 0.002). A BREF score ≤ 12/18 was associated with a six-fold increase of respiratory inhaler misuse risk. We conclude that executive dysfunction is associated with a higher risk of respiratory inhalers misuse. A short screening of executive function, using the BREF scale, before starting respiratory inhaler may improve the selection of inhaler devices and therefore the compliance to treatment.