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Purpose. To study and evaluate the use of vitamins and products enriched with biologically active substances by the residents of St. Petersburg. The study was conducted with the use of the questionnaire survey method of 1200 Petersburgers. Results. A third of residents (35.5 per cent) never used enriched food products in nutrition. The majority of St. Petersburgers (59.3%) when cooking do not use iodized salt or do it rarely. While the use of salt increases with the age. Inclusion of vitamins in the diet fails to be widely distributed among the citizens: monthly they are used by only 20.3% of citizen, 2 times a year - 28.2% and only during illness - 17.7%. One third of the population (33.8 percent) never takes vitamins in the form of tablets, syrups, solutions, etc. Conclusion. The analysis indicates the need to improve the nutrition of Petersburgers to reduce risk factors for diseases by improving health literacy in organized units for healthy nutrition on the base of Health Centers or clinics in St. Petersburg.

In the study the hygienic assessment of a new type of bread in terms of quality and safety was performed. The results of the study showed that a new type of corn bread has a high nutritive and biological value, it is safe for human health. The glycemic index of bread was determined by the method described by FAO, WHO in 1998, "Carbohydrates in Human Nutrition." A new type of bread has a low glycemic index. This makes it possible to use the bread in dietary nutrition for persons who are overweight, suffers from the cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, as well as for preventive nutrition for healthy individuals with risk factors for these diseases.

The paper deals with ecological and hygienic approaches to assessing the risk of nutritional factors to human health.

Violation of nutrition laws in healthy and ill persons causes diseases, loss of working capacity, shorter longevity, and early death. The paper presents 4 nutrition laws for healthy and ill persons and discusses the main dietary ways of correcting diseases.

The efficiency of therapeutic and prophylactic nutrition (TPN) is determined by its scientific basis. The diets should be created with consideration for pathogenetic mechanisms of the effects of occupational hazards, energy expenditures, ecology of the habitat, national features of nutrition, and unfavorable factors associated with the risk of the underlying and concomitant diseases. Use of bioactive food additives (BFA) essentially facilitated the development and utilization of TPN under conditions of hazardous production and unfavorable ecology. The technology of making a perspective BFA Vitagmal has been developed. Biomedical evaluation of this BFA was carried out: protein, carbohydrate, and mineral metabolism, morphology of organs and tissues in experimental animals fed Vitagmal, and its effects on clinical and physiological status of man were studied. The effect of BFA on the metabolism was studied in patients with metabolic alimentary obesity. The results demonstrated a pronounced health-fortifying antioxidant effect of Vitagmal, which had a favorable impact on cardiovascular and central nervous functions, stimulated the metabolic processes, had a slight "protective effect" in ethanol intoxication, and no side effects. This recommends Vitagmal for wide use in therapeutic and prophylactic medicine.

Prophylactic diet for the people working in microbiological industry exposed to the sensitizing action of microbiological synthesis products has been developed. The diet has been tested under the conditions of a prophylactic sanatorium. A protective effect of the diet has been observed manifest in the decrease of the state of sensitization, normalization of metabolic processes. It is recommended, that this kind of diet be used in the prophylactic sanatoria of the microbiological industry plants.

The paper presents data on the development of eco-hygienic concept of human nutrition. The scheme of migration of various xenobiotics and biological contaminants along the food chain is given. The necessity for the substantiation of unified MACs of alien substances for all eco-systems is indicated. The ++eco-hygienic concept of nutrition should be directed at the protection (purity) of the inner human environment and normalization of the processes of its activity in interrelations with the environment.