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Human papillomaviruses (HPV) represent a group of deoxyribonucleic acid viruses that contain over 150 distinct types which can cause proliferation of squamous epithelium of the skin and mucous membranes. These viruses are ubiquitous in humans and most often produce benign lesions, such as vulgar warts or condyloma acuminatum. Under certain conditions, depending on the viral strain involved and the susceptibility of the host, HPV can cause dysplastic and neoplastic lesions with fatal potential. Recent research has linked infection with certain HPV strains and cervical cancer, this type of cancer being one of the main causes of mortality in the female population. HPV infection and its clinical implications is therefore a real subject of interest, with potential for the development of numerous therapeutic options. This article aims to look over the main clinical aspects of the lesions produced by HPV and to provide information about the existing anti-HPV vaccines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psoriasis is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory disorder characterized by the occurrence of well demarcated, erythematous papules and plaques covered by thick, silvery-white scales, generally affecting the elbows, knees, sacral area and scalp. It is a common disorder affecting women during their reproductive years. There is evidence that psoriasis might affect the course of pregnancy and that pregnancy can influence the course of psoriasis. The aim of this paper is to look over the most recent data regarding the impact of psoriasis on pregnancy and vice versa reviewing the current evidence for the safety of topical and systemic treatments for psoriasis during pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. Infertility, its treatment and family planning affect the fundamental right to procreate. For this reason, discussions on developing the legislative framework governing these matters are highly sensitive and subject to ethical controversy. At a European level there are numerous ethical challenges related to assisted reproductive technology (ART) but none related into uniform manner to be acceptable by all member countries. Methods. In this respect, we review the current legislation of the following twenty-six European countries which are also into Shengen Area: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweeden, Switzerland, other four European countries that do not form part of the Schengen Area, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus and Romania and other two like Ireland and the United Kingdom. Results. Twenty-four of the European Union member states (i.e. Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweeden, Switzerland, Bulgaria, Croatia and United Kingdom) have reported the existence of specific legislation, while 8 countries (i.e. Cyprus, Ireland, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Poland, Romania, Latvia) have reported that no specific legislation exists, only general legislation covering ART procedures. Conclusions. We propose that legal systems should supplement the existing laws and adapt it to the unique challenges presented by ART, so that society may benefit from the application of ART advancement in a socially responsible and uniform ethical manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mammary Paget's disease is a rare form of cancer, which involves the nipple-areola complex. In most cases it is associated with an underlying tumor of the breast. Diagnosis is based on clinical appearance and is confirmed by histopathological examination. Imaging tests play an important role in detecting the associated ductal carcinoma. We present the case of a 90-year-old woman, who presented to our clinic for an erythemato-squamous lesion that covers her entire left nipple. The lesion was previously treated as eczema. Histopathological examination revealed features characteristic of Paget's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]