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The effectiveness of using borate (borax) and fluoride (sodium fluoride) fluxes in the sintering of crystalline (sand) and amorphous (diatomite) silicate raw materials was considered. The change in the density and appearance of samples with varying amounts of fluxes during their heat treatment at different temperatures was described. It was shown that the introduction of 4 wt.% of borax reduces the temperature necessary to reach a density of 1500 kg/m3 by 100°C, and 6 wt.% of borax by 200°C. It was shown that the introduction of fluxes increases the amount of x-ray amorphous glass phase due to depolymerization of the silicon-oxygen network and the formation of a low-temperature melt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquid-phase porophores are shown to hold promise in the synthesis of foam glass. The dynamics of the change in the size of glass particles in the process of obtaining the charge was studied. It is shown that additional comminution of the particles of the glass powder occurs on mixing. The influence of the charge mixing time on the structure of the foam glass was studied. It was established that the density of the resulting foam glass is directly proportional to the charge mixing time. The changes occurring in the material structure in association with the processes involved in the distribution of the liquid pore-forming mixture on the particles of glass powder during mixing and subsequent changes in the dynamics of the thermal destruction of glycerin are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A complex of physicochemical studies was conducted: chemical analysis, x-ray phase analysis, differential thermal analysis, microstructure analysis of ash-slag waste (ASW) from Apatitskaya CHPP and Severodvinskaya TPP-1. It has been established that these materials are promising raw materials for the silicate industry, because in terms of structure as well as chemical and phase composition they represent an amorphous aluminosilicate composition that does not undergo phase transformations during heat treatment. ASW can be used in the production of temperature-curable eco-geopolymers for road construction in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of batch compositions based on quartz sand from the Chalganskoe deposit, opoka from the Botchinskoe deposit, slag from the Artem TPP, and diatomite from the Chernoyarskoe deposit were developed. The density and porosity of the synthesized samples were determined. Their microstructure was analyzed. Conclusions are drawn concerning the suitability of these raw materials for the synthesis of porous silicate materials (foam glass). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The types and function of foam glass are examined as a function of the employed foaming agents. Mixes with different granulometric composition of the batch were developed and subjected to heat-treatment. The influence of the fractional composition of the foam-glass batch on the density and volume of the foam glass and foam-glass materials was studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experimental results on the application of sodium fluoride NaF and sodium tetraborate (borax) fluxes as well as their mixtures in the synthesis of foam glass materials based on diatomite raw material by the hydrate mechanism using an alkali solution are reported. The effect of NaF and borax on the formation of the structure of the material and the mechanism of their action during heat-treatment were studied. The optimal ratio of the batch components and the temperature-time regimes of synthesis of foam glass materials using the indicated additives to intensify sintering and melting were determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fourth author's name should read B. M. Gol'tsman. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]