5 results on '"Amanda E. Bates"'
Search Results
2. Non‐native species outperform natives in coastal marine ecosystems subjected to warming and freshening events
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Dan A. Smale, Ella McKnight, Amanda E. Bates, Marc Rius, and Rebecca Spake
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Marine biodiversity ,Global and Planetary Change ,Geography ,Ecology ,Marine ecosystem ,Global change ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Invasive species - Abstract
Aims: contemporary climate change and biological invasions are two main drivers of biodiversity redistribution. Interactive effects between these drivers have been reported in a variety of studies, yet results are conflicting. Some studies find that contemporary climate change facilitates the spread and success of non-native species, especially those with broad physiological tolerances. Other studies conclude that non-natives are vulnerable to current and future changes in climatic conditions. Given that most studies have focused on terrestrial species, here we contribute to this debate by analysing responses of marine native and non-native fauna and flora to key climate-related stressors, namely increased temperature (warming) and decreased salinity (freshening). Location: Global. Time period: 2002–2019. Major taxa studied: Marine benthic macrophytes and invertebrates. Methods: we conducted a meta-analysis of experiments investigating the performance (e.g. growth, survival and reproduction) of benthic species in response to warming and freshening. Results: we found that non-native species tended to respond positively to elevated temperature, whereas the performance of native species declined. Similarly, decreased salinity negatively affected the biological processes of native species, but non-natives showed neutral or negative overall responses to freshening. Main conclusions: we find evidence that non-native species outperform natives under a wide variety of warming and freshening conditions. The growth and reproduction of non-natives are enhanced by warmer temperatures, and thus ocean warming is expected to facilitate future spread and success of non-native species. Increased freshening along future coastal areas, however, will likely have a negative impact in both native and non-native species and thus is expected to be a driver of significant change in coastal marine ecosystems. Our comprehensive analysis highlighted the need to expand our understanding of climate change effects beyond warming and specifically, studies focusing on salinity changes.
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- 2021
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3. Biological traits of seabirds predict extinction risk and vulnerability to anthropogenic threats
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Cerren Richards, Amanda E. Bates, and Robert S. C. Cooke
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0106 biological sciences ,Global and Planetary Change ,Extinction ,Ecology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Ecology and Environment ,Invasive species ,Habitat ,biology.animal ,Threatened species ,Trait ,IUCN Red List ,Ecosystem ,Seabird ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
AimHere we aim to: 1) test whether globally-threatened vs non-threatened seabirds are separated in trait space; 2) quantify the redundancy and uniqueness of species trait combinations per IUCN Red List Category; and 3) identify traits that render species vulnerable to anthropogenic threats.LocationGlobalTime periodContemporaryMajor taxa studiedSeabirdsMethodsWe compile and impute eight traits that relate to species’ vulnerabilities and ecosystem functioning across 341 seabird species. Using these traits, we build a mixed data PCA of species’ trait space. We further quantify trait redundancy with a unique trait combinations (UTCs) approach. Finally, we employ a similarity of percentages analysis (SIMPER) to identify which traits explain the greatest difference between threat groups.ResultsWe find seabirds segregate in trait space based on threat status, indicating anthropogenic impacts are selectively removing large, long-lived, pelagic surface feeders with narrow habitat breadths. We further find that globally threatened species have higher trait redundancy, while non-threatened species have relatively unique ecological strategies and limited redundancy. Finally, we find that species with narrow habitat breadths, fast reproductive speeds, and omnivorous diets are more likely to be threatened by habitat-modifying processes (e.g., pollution and natural system modifications); whereas pelagic specialists with slow reproductive speeds and omnivorous diets are vulnerable to threats that directly impact survival and fecundity (e.g., invasive species and biological resource use).Main conclusionsOur results suggest both globally threatened and non-threatened species contribute unique ecological strategies. Consequently, conserving both threat groups, but with contrasting approaches may avoid potential changes in ecosystem functioning and stability.
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- 2021
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4. Towards a macroscope: Leveraging technology to transform the breadth, scale and resolution of macroecological data
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Stefan B. Williams, Elizabeth M. P. Madin, Mark Johnson, Michael Bunce, Joseph D. DiBattista, Anne E. Magurran, Amanda E. Bates, Maria Dornelas, Joshua S. Madin, Oscar Pizarro, Marten Winter, Brian J. McGill, Nathalie Pettorelli, John Templeton Foundation, University of St Andrews. School of Biology, University of St Andrews. Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews. Fish Behaviour and Biodiversity Research Group, University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland, University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit, University of St Andrews. Sound Tags Group, University of St Andrews. Bioacoustics group, University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences, University of St Andrews. St Andrews Sustainability Institute, and University of St Andrews. Centre for Research into Ecological & Environmental Modelling
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0106 biological sciences ,Global and Planetary Change ,Ecology ,Scale (ratio) ,Computer science ,QH301 Biology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Resolution (logic) ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Data science ,3rd-NDAS ,QH301 ,monitoring ,sampling design ,SDG 14 - Life Below Water ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,biodiversity - Abstract
M.D. is grateful for support from the Templeton Foundation (grant #60501, “Putting the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis to the Test”) and from a Leverhulme Trust Fellowship. The problem Earth‐based observations of the biosphere are spatially biased in ways that can limit our ability to detect macroecological patterns and changes in biodiversity. To resolve this problem, we need to supplement the ad hoc data currently collected with planned biodiversity monitoring, in order to approximate global stratified random sampling of the planet. We call this all‐encompassing observational system ‘the macroscope’. The solution With a focus on the marine realm, we identify seven main biosphere observation tools that compose the macroscope: satellites, drones, camera traps, passive acoustic samplers, biologgers, environmental DNA and human observations. By deploying a nested array of these tools that fills current gaps in monitoring, we can achieve a macroscope fit for purpose and turn these existing powerful tools into more than the sum of their parts. An appeal Building a macroscope requires commitment from many fields, together with coordinated actions to attract the level of funding required for such a venture. We call on macroecologists to become advocates for the macroscope and to engage with existing global observation networks. Postprint
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- 2019
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5. Global trade-offs of functional redundancy and functional dispersion for birds and mammals
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Felix Eigenbrod, Robert S. C. Cooke, and Amanda E. Bates
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0106 biological sciences ,Global and Planetary Change ,Ecology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Ecoregion ,Taxon ,Similarity (network science) ,Trait ,Redundancy (engineering) ,Statistical dispersion ,Mammal ,Species richness ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
AimThe diversity of birds and mammals is typically described in separate analyses, but species may play similar roles. Here, we develop a comparative trait framework for birds and mammals to provide a global quantification of the similarity of species roles (functional redundancy) and the breadth of roles across taxa (functional dispersion). We predict different contributions of birds and mammals to redundancy and dispersion, and unique geographical patterns of redundancy and dispersion by including both taxa.LocationGlobal.Time periodContemporary.Major taxa studiedBirds and mammals.MethodsWe systematically select, compile and impute the same six traits (i.e., a common currency of traits) across 15,485 bird and mammal species from multiple databases. We use these six traits to compute functional redundancy and functional dispersion for birds and mammals across all 825 terrestrial ecoregions. We then calculate the standardized effect size (SES) of these observed values compared with null expectations, based on a randomization of species composition (i.e., independent of differences in species richness).ResultsWe find that species‐rich regions, such as the Neotropics, have high functional redundancy coupled with low functional dispersion, characterizing a global trade‐off. Thus, in general, as species richness increases, the similarity in species functional roles also increases. We therefore suggest that different processes generate species richness/functional redundancy and functional dispersion, leading to a novel, and generally non‐tropical, distribution of hotspots of high functional dispersion across Madagascar, Eastern Asia and Western USA.Main conclusionsWe recommend consideration of both the similarity and the breadth of functional roles across species pools, including taxa that may play similar roles. We therefore suggest that functional redundancy, as a means of insurance, and functional dispersion, as an indicator of response diversity, should be evaluated further as conservation objectives.
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- 2019
- Full Text
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