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The aim of this paper is to examine in Cicero's oratory speeches the criticisms of his opponents regarding either their lack of erudition or their poor intellectual abilities. From our viewpoint, this original locus of invective is closely linked to the consolidation of a new intellectual nobilitas at the end of the Roman Republic and is especially relevant in the context of Cicero's return from exile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we try to analyse the role played by Julia Domna in the governments of Septimius Severus and Caracalla. Women in Rome, regardless of their social status, could not participate in the government. However, in the case of the Lepcian princeps' wife, that historiography has considered her to have interfered in government affairs is justified by the material and literary testimonies that mention her. On the basis of the main references in Cassius Dio, Herodian and the Historia Augusta, we will research whether the Augusta participated directly in imperial decisions or whether, on the contrary, her role was representative, and she was just another instrument of the Severan dynasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thirty-three manuscripts preserve the complete text of Plato's Laches. Three of them, Vindobonensis Suppl. gr. 7 (siglum W), Lobcovicianus (Roudnice VI Fa 1; siglum L) and Vaticanus graecus 1029 (R), belong to the same family, i.e. the third family. Despite previous discussion, today the date of the most ancient section of W is assigned to saec. XI. The independence of this manuscript in the first seven tetralogies was stated for the first time by Josef Král in 18921 and the other manuscripts of its family derive - directly or indirectly - from it. This paper will give an overview of the extant manuscripts of the third family and investigate the mutual relationships between them, as they result from the collation of all thirty-three manuscripts of the Laches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has its starting point in the search for the causes of the very frequent presence of a possible monovalent predicate (fio) in the Peregrinatio Egeriae. The use of fio to present the development of repeated actions, often rituals, justifies its frequency -- especially in the second part of the work -- and, more specifically, the almost exclusive use of its passive factivity meaning. This fact is intrinsically linked to the use of the lexical or morphological passive to carry out this presentation of facts that usually constitute an entirely new piece of information from a pragmatic perspective, something that implies a determined order of constituents and the activation of an inversion mechanism, so that the majority sequence turns out to be Verb- -S(ubject). This reality is corroborated by the study of the behaviour of predicates with similar characteristics and functionality. Among other related reasons, the selection of the passive -- which has a pragmatic motivation and which is triggered as a textual cohesion device -- to present the verbal process from the point of view of the event itself is revealed as one of the most explanatory causes of the concrete reality present in the text under investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the way of expressing the world of sounds in Odyssey, which developes through the lexicon it employs. In this way, we analyze the contexts in which some natural elements are named, as well as their sounds and characteristics, and those of certain physical spaces as they are treated in the poem, with the intention of generating, as much as possible, the universe of sounds that allows to contextualize the poem from an aural point of view. The methodology is based on the linguistic concept of acoustic image that Saussure developed in the late 19th century and follows Schafer's most recent tradition in his 1993 work on soundscape. Winds, sea, storms, palaces and voice will be analyzed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Θέσπις is an epic adjective commonly interpreted as a short form secondarily created from the compound θεσπέσιος. Gathering evidence from Indo-European and Ancient Greek morphology and semantics and taking into account θέσπις meaning extensions in Homeric poetry, this paper suggests that this word can be more satisfactorily explained as a primitive noun from which θεσπέσιος may have originated rather than the contrary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to study the short and long suffixes of the comparative forms in the Aristophanic Comedy, and to examine to what extent it is possible to detect the reasons or motivations of their choice and distribution, or whether it is random chosen. It can be concluded that metric plays a central role in this distribution, with the only partial exception of Clouds for dramatic reasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we analyse the fragments dealing with women in I. Murmellius' Ex Elegiis Tibulli, Propertii et Ouidii Selecti Versus (1504), concluding that they reproduce a behaviour patterns of Renaissance society; most of the sentences and examples located describe women as fickle, licentious and deceitful. Besides, we show how female stereotypes are used to criticize behaviours unfit for men. Finally, this work also reveals that the Proyecto excerpta throws reliable data to carry out significant research on the influence of florilegia that could be extrapolated to other researches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byzantine emperors considered themselves as the continuation line of the old Roman imperial regime thus ruling the new Imperium Romanum with the aim to preserve the values of Christian teaching and morale but also maintain the divine secular and imperial class and the order, security, and salvation of its people; all these were under the constant expression of the divine will of the Byzantine emperor, who had taken on the role of God's representative on earth thereby guaranteeing all good deeds. This particular ideology will be traced and commented as it manifests itself on the epigrams regarding the Cross and the Crucifixion. These epigrams have been retrieved from valuable objects such as staurothekes and crosses managing to combine the high, scholar poetry with the sophistication of Byzantine microart and and have been explored as to whether this has been a successful combination or not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]