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Ionic liquids (ILs) begin to be applied in more broad scopes and even in medicine steadily, so it is very necessary to study their biocompatibility, bioactivity, and influence on blood. For the first time, the main effects of popular imidazolium ILs with common anions and alkylated cations on rabbit blood were explored and compared comprehensively. A series of key indices and characteristic methods were applied in this systematic study. The thrombolytic properties in vitro of these ILs and their interactions with two kinds of serum albumins were also studied. This study provides key data and lays foundation for further applications of ILs and risk assessments in related fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]