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In the study, CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 was prepared by sol-gel method. Its catalytic activity was evaluated by gas-phase catalytic dehydrogenation of 1, 5-Pentanediol to δ-valerolactone as a probe reaction. CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 and long period reactive CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 were detected by XRD. Micro-structure and essence disciplinarian of CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 were disclosed. Metal ions had a cooperative effects during the catalytic dehydrogenation of 1, 5-pentanediol to δ-valerolactone. After CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 deactivation, crystal particle size was increased clearly. It were found that characteristic diffraction peaks were caused by the catalyst temperature raising in methanol catalytic synthesis of ZnO. 1, 5-Pentanediol and δ-valerolactone were detected by FTIR. Their internal chemical bond and molecular structure were disclosed. The purity of δ-valerolactone product was very high. δ-Valerolactone and its polymer were detected by DSC. δ-Valerolactone possessed with poor stability. Polymerization reaction was easily happened by itself. So it was worth focusing on how to improve the stability of the δ-valerolactone monomer. This study could provide basic data and experimental basis for gas-phase catalytic dehydrogenation of 1, 5-Pentanediol to δ-valerolactone in pilot and industrial scale up research.

In order to grasp the inner wall condition of ring forgings, an inner wall condition monitoring method based on infrared spectra for ring forgings is proposed in the present paper. Firstly, using infrared spectroscopy the forgings temperature measurement system was built based on the three-level FP-cavity LCTF. The two single radiation spectra from the forgings' surface were got using the three-level FP-cavity LCTF. And the temperature measuring of the surface forgings was achieved according to the infrared double-color temperature measuring principle. The measuring accuracy can be greatly improved by this temperature measurement method. Secondly, on the basis of the Laplace heat conduction differential equation the inner wall condition monitoring model was established by the method of separating variables. The inner wall condition monitoring of ring forgings was realized via combining the temperature data and the forgings own parameter information. Finally, this method is feasible according to the simulation experiment. The inner wall condition monitoring method can provide the theoretical basis for the normal operating of the ring forgings.

Eu-Ag co-doped borate glasses were prepared by the high temperature solid method in the present work. Absorption and emission spectra were employed to investigate the precipitation of Ag nanoparticles, which is influenced by the network form B2O3 and the co-doped Eu ions. It was found in the absorption spectra of Eu-Ag co-doped sample that a broad band centered at about 410 nm emerged and their intensity decreased with the increase in the BZ 03 concentration. Meanwhile, under the excitation of 340 nm, a broad emission band was observed in the wavelength range of 350-600 nm, which belongs to the blue-green light of Ag aggregates. The intensity of the Ag aggregates presented an increasing tendency with the increase in the B2O3 contents. The weak characteristic emission of Ag aggregates and Eu3+ was observed respectively in their singly doped samples. It is concluded that both their emissions get significant enhancement when Eu ions and Ag ions are used for co-doping the sample. In addition, the increased absorption of Ag nanoparticles was detected with the increase in the Eu ions concentration. Herein, the mechanism behind Eu3+ contribution to the precipitation of Ag nanoparticles is discussed in detail. The luminescence properties of borate glasses can be controlled by the microstructure of the borate glasses. Therefore, the white emission can be realized by the adjustment of glass structure and Eu ions concentration, owing to the red light from Eu3+ : (5)D0-->(7)Fj electronic transition and the blue-green light form the broad emission of Ag aggregates. The borate glasses are expected to be the candidates for the light-emission diode (LED) luminescent materials.

Visual density is an important index for the estimation of photographic film and visual photo. The development of biomedical image and macromolecule image needs high measurement uncertainty of visual density in spectrum characteristic. The ISO standard of visual density measurement conditions was modified in 2001. A series of equipments designed for densitometer enhance the spectral matching between the national standard densitometer and the ISO standard function. And a new measurement formula is given based on theory analysis. According to the measurement data and uncertainty analysis, the combined uncertainties are 0.001 1 (0 < D < 4.0) and 0.003 1 (4.0 < or = D < 6.0).

The Cu1Zr1Ce9Odelta catalysts synthesized with coprecipitation method were used into the selective CO oxidation in hydrogen-rich gas. The adsorbed species and the intermediates on Cu1Zr1Ce9Odelta catalysts were examined by in-situ diffuse reflectance FTIR spectroscopy (in-situ DRIFTS) technique. It was found that hydrogen, oxygen and CO in the feed stream were adsorbed competitively at the same adsorption sites on the surface of Cu1Zr1Ce9Odelta catalysts. The pretreatment with hydrogen caused the deep reduction of Cu+ species to Cu0 species and decreased the capacity of CO adsorption on the catalyst surface. The Cu1Zr1Ce9Odelta catalyst pretreated with oxygen offered more active oxygen species and inhibited the deep reduction of Cu+ species. The helium pretreatment only purified the surface of Cu1Zr1Ce9Odelta catalyst. Two IR bands at 2938.7 and 2843.8 cm(-1) due to bridged formate and bidentate formate species appeared at 180 degrees C. The active oxygen anion of Cu1Zr1Ce9Odelta catalyst could react with CO and produce carbonate species at room temperatures. The carbonate and formate species occupied the adsorption sites and deteriorated the catalytic performance of Cu1Zr1Ce9Odelta. Flushing the Cu1ZnrCe9Odelta catalyst with helium at 300 degrees C, the bidentate formate species on the catalyst surface decomposed to monodentate carbonate species and then further decomposed to CO2, which could release the adsorption sites and restore well the catalytic activity.

CuO-CeO2 series catalysts are the effective catalysts for the selective CO oxidation in hydrogen-rich gas. The adsorption species on the CuO-CeO2 catalysts doped with alkali and alkaline earth metal oxides were investigated with in situ diffuse reflectance FTIR spectroscopy (in-situ DRIFTS) technique. The results showed that a bane at 2 106 cm(-1), due to the carbonyl species, appeared on the CuO-CeO2 catalysts. In the reaction atmosphere, the intensity of this band increased first and then decreased with increasing the temperatures. It was noted that the main active adsorption sites of the CuO-CeO2 catalysts were Cu+ species. At lower temperatures, the carbonyl species were desorbed from the surface of CuO-CeO2 catalysts in the reversible form, while they were desorbed mainly in the irreversible form at the higher temperatures. A sharp peak at 3 660 cm(-1), attributed to the geminal Ce(OH)2 group, was also apparent on the surface of reduced CuO-CeO2 catalyst. The peaks at 1 568, 2 838 and 2 948 cm(-1) were attributed to formate species and the peaks centered at 1 257 and 1 633 cm(-1) were assigned to carbonate species. CO could react with the active hydroxyl species and generate formate species. At higher temperatures, the C-H bond of formate species could break and form carbonate species. These two species would decrease the performance of CuO-CeO2 catalysts at higher temperatures. The stronger IR peaks attributed to CO2 and formate species were observed, moreover there was still a weak IR peak assigned to carbonyl species for Cu1 Li1 Ce9Odelta catalyst when the temperature was above 180 degrees C. It was shown that as the electron donor, the doping of Li2 O on CuO-CeO2 catalyst could contribute to the irreversible desorption of CO at lower temperatures and inhibit the adsorption of H2 on the catalytic surface, and benefit the formation of formate species as well. Although the amounts of CO adsorption on Cu1 Mg1 Ce9 Odelta and Cu1 Ba1 Ce9 Odelta catalysts were much more than other catalysts at lower temperatures, they were mainly desorbed in the reversible form, which had no contribution to the selective CO oxidation.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) supported platinum electrocatalyst Pt/CNTs with high dispersion were prepared by a modified ethylene glycol method with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as the stabilizer. UV-Vis, FTIR and XRD spectroscopic analysis methods were used to study the preparation of the electrocatalysts, and the effect of the SDS addition to the ethylene glycol solution on the structure as well as the electrocatalytic activity of the Pt/CNTs electrocatalysts were also investigated. The results showed that PtCl6(2-) could form a complex compound with SDS, and all PtCl6(2-) were completely reduced by ethylene glycol; oxygen containing groups were produced on the surface of CNTs to facilitate the Pt nanoparticle absorption, and no SDS remained on the electrocatalysts; the Pt/CNTs electrocatalysts exhibited face-centered cubic structure; the particle size of Pt/CNTs-2 catalyst prepared by SDS addition was about 4. 5 nm. The CV test results showed that the Pt/CNTs-2 catalyst showed higher methanol electro-oxidation activity compared with Pt/CNTs-1 prepared by traditional ethylene glycol reduction method.

Under the effect of ultrasonic waves, premonitory Li(x)MoS2 was prepared by n-butyl lithium intercalating in the MoS2 layers, using the single-molecular-layer exfoliated-restacked technology. The value of x was in the range from 0.93 to 0.96 determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Micro-structure and essential regularity of Li(x)MoS2 were disclosed, for example octahedral configuration of Li(x)MoS2 was metastable. It could provide experimental data for synthesizing new hydrogenation catalysts for interaction of MoS2 with high activity and selectivity. This work will lay the foundation for the research on hydrogenation catalysts and the production of high value-added MoS2.

Purification of raw sulfolene was investigated by adsorption method using activated carbon and exchange resin, and the sulfolene was detected by UV-Vis, FTIR and XRD. FTIR spectra of sulfolene and sulfolane were especially analyzed. The results showed that it was the best way to purify industrial grade sulfolene by activated carbon connected exchange resin. The sulfolane with high quality was synthesized by purified sulfolene through catalytic hydrogenation with catalyst. The conversion efficiency was more than 99.8%. It could provide experimental data for the technical reform of industry equipment.

The effect of catalyst atomic ratio on the performance of selective oxidation of p-xylene as a probe reaction over Mo-Fe catalysts prepared by sol-gel method was investigated. The catalyst evaluation results show that the optimum catalyst atomic ratio is n(Mo) : n(Fe) : n(Co) = 2.4 : 1 : 0.02 with a high catalytic activity. The composition of the catalyst is Fe2 (MoO4)3 and a little MoO3 having a cooperative effects during the oxidation of p-xylene, which was detected by XRD and FTIR. This study could provide experimental data for the technical reform of industry equipment.

The XRD and FTIR of aragonites in nacreous and prismatic layer of perna viridis were systematically measured, and the frequency variations of v1, v2 and v4 band of aragonites were especially analyzed. The results showed that both of them were aragonite and the frequency of v2 band differed in them, but the frequencies of other two bands were not altered and had the same values with cavernous aragonite. In the same specie of shell, the frequency of v2 band in nacreous layers was greater than that in prismatic layers, and there was a frequency shift of v2 band between them. For the first time, the phase transformation of biogenic aragonite was detected. After nacreous aragonite was heated at 300 degrees C, the frequency shift of v2 band was found. So it is concluded that the biogenic aragonite is related to the thermal effects in crystallizing process, meanwhile it stores excess energy. All of these can provide experiential basis for studying biomineralization theory.

SnO2 was prepared by precipitation method and mental oxides modified SnO2 catalysts were prepared by coprecipitation method. High concentration molasses fermentation wastewater degradation by SnO2 catalyzed ozonation was used as a probe reaction and IR spectra were used to study the adsorption of O3 at SnO2 and different metal oxides modification SnO2 surface. The results showed, that in the infrared absorption spectra of adsorption of O3 prepared by pure O2 at SnO2 catalyst surface, two obvious bidentate absorption double peaks were found at 1 027 and 1 055 cm(-1), and 2 099 and 2 122 cm(-1), respectively. However, there was competitive adsorption between O3 prepared by air, and CO and CO2. Then the O3 adsorption decreased, leading to the decrease in the degradation of molasses fermentation wastewater by SnO2 catalytic ozonation, and after 60 min reaction, the degradation rate by pure oxygen as oxygen source was 79.2%. It was 33.1% more by air as oxygen source. Similar strength adsorption peaks in the infrared spectra were found at 2 236, 2213 cm(-1) and 1 628, 1 599 cm (-1) with Fe2O3, NiO, CuO, ZnO, MgO, SrO and BaO modified SnO2. But the adsorption of CO2 and CO was different on modifier-SnO2, There was a wide absorption peak at 1 580-1 070 cm(-1) in the infrared spectra of transition metal modified SnO2, and two new peaks at 1 298 and 1 274 cm(-1) were found between 1 580 and 1 070 cm(-1) in the infrared spectra of alkaline-earth metals modified SnO2 catalysts. These changes leaded to a different catalytic ozonation activity of modifier-SnO2, the results of molasses fermentation wastewater degradation by ozone combined with alkaline-earth metal modified SnO2 was obviously better than ozone combined with transition metal modified SnO2. And among them, the ozonation catalytic activity of BaO-SnO2 was the best.

By using FTIR-FTS3000 spectrometer and infrared diffuse reflection accessory, the spectra of the nanometer particles of silica, carbon black and their blends with different weight ratio were collected and characterized. It was found from the measured results that blue-shift and broadening phenomenon occurred in the nanometer particle materials in comparison with the mass ones. These phenomena could be explained by the little size effect and quantum size effect. No perfect spectrum could be collected because of the strong absorbance of the nanometer particle materials. For the blends of silica and carbon black there was a maximum absorption corresponding to the critical concentration, where the weight ratio of silica to carbon black was 100 : 20, and below this ratio the relationship between the function F(R) and the concentration obeyed Lambert-Beer's law. Above this ratio, the absorbance will not increase with increasing the proportion of the carbon black in the system.

A multi-peaks Gaussian fitting on the line shape of visible spectra was used to determine the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of alkyl polyglucoside (APG) nonionic surfactant aqueous system such as octyl beta D mono-glucoside (C8 G1) and decyl beta D mono-glucoside (C10 G1). Visible electronic absorption spectra of a series of different concentration C8G1 or C10G1 with crystal violet (CV) used as a probe were measured respectively and characterized by the overlap of the principal peak with lambda(max) at 598-609 nm and a shoulder at 538-569 nm assigned to monomer and dimer CV respectively. A multi-peaks Gaussian fitting was used to interpret the spectra and give relative integrating absorbance (A2/A1) of two peaks, red-shift (deltalambda) and half-width. A sudden change occurred at CMC in the curves of the relative integrating absorbance (A2/A1), red-shift (deltalambda) and half-width (w1, w2) versus the C8G1 or C10G1 surfactant concentrations. Significantly the dependence of the CMC upon the half-width was ob-served for the first time and successfully used to determine CMC of nonionic surfactant such as APG.

In this paper, combustion characterization of pyrotechnic composition is investigated using a remote sensing Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. The emission spectra have been recorded between 4,700 and 740 cm-1 with a spectral resolution of 4 cm-1. The combustion temperature can be determined remotely from spectral line intensity distribution of the fine structure of the emission fundamental band of gaseous products such as HF. The relationship between combustion temperature and combustion time has been given. Results show that there is a violent mutative temperature field with bigger temperature gradient near combustion surface. It reveals that the method of temperature measurement using remote sensing FTIR for flame temperature of unstable, violent and short time combustion on real time is a rapid, accurate and sensitive technique without interference the flame temperature field. Potential prospects of temperature measurement, gas product concentration measurement and combustion mechanism are also revealed.