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AIM:To investigate the short-term effectiveness of orthokeratology(ortho-k)on controlling low-to-moderate myopic in Chinese children.METHODS: There were 271 subjects(271 eyes)enrolled in this study. In total, there were 141 cases aged 9.43±1.10 in the ortho-k group and the spherical equivalent refractive errors(SER)were -2.74±1.15D. The patients were examined at 1, 7, 30, and 90d after they started wearing the ortho-k lenses. There were 130 cases aged 9.37±1.00 enrolled in the control group, with the SER -2.88±1.39D, and the examinations occurred at 6, 12mo after they started wearing single-vision spectacles. Myopic progression was estimated from changes of axial length in both groups. The chi-square test, independent samples t-tests, paired t-tests, Spearman analysis were used to compare the data of the two groups. RESULTS: The axial elongation was 0.27±0.17mm in the ortho-k group after 1a which was significantly longer than that before wearing(PPPt-test). There was significant negative correlation between axial elongation and initial age in both groups during the one-year period(ortho-k group: rs=-0.309, Prs=-0.472,P0.36mm in 1a)were 38% in the ortho-k group and 76.5% in the control group, respectively; whereas those of the older group(aged 9.4～12.0)were lower, reaching 24.3% and 12.9% in the ortho-k and control groups. In patients with SER 5.00～6.00D, the axial elongation in ortho-k group was 57.1% lower than that in control group. CONCLUSION: Ortho-k lens is effective to control myopic progression in children with low-to-moderate myopia. In particular, it reduces the percentage of younger children with fast progression and has a better effect of controlling myopic progression with higher degrees of myopia.