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As a primary treatment for strabismus, extraocular muscle surgery can achieve the purpose of correcting the eye position, improving the appearance and reconstructing the third-level visual function. Previous studies have found that the vascular density(VD)and thickness of retina increased in the early stage after extraocular muscle surgery, where multiple mechanisms involved. In recent years, with the appearance of detection means such as optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA), our quantitative understanding of retinal microscopic changes and their mechanisms brought about by traditional extraocular muscle surgery has become more and more profound. The increase of retinal VD in the early postoperative period may be closely related to the recovery of postoperative visual function. However, the related studies are few, and the association between microscopic changes and visual function after extraocular muscle surgery and its mechanism need to be further clarified. This article will review the microscopic changes of retina and their mechanisms after extraocular muscle surgery from multiple perspectives to improve our understanding of the relationship between the mechanism of its influence and visual function, with a view to provide references for the choice of extraocular muscle surgery scheme and related clinical research.

AIM: To investigate the effect of Conbercept on serum lncRNA MALAT1 levels, central macular thickness(CMT)and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)in patients with diabetic macular edema(DME), and to observe its efficacy and safety.METHODS: A total of 300 patients(300 eyes)with DME were included in this study, all of whom had monocular lesions. They were divided into non-injection group with 100 patients(100 eyes), control group with 100 patients(100 eyes)treated with Ranibizumab injections and study group with 100 patients(100 eyes)treated with Conbercept injections according to a random numbers table.RESULTS: The BCVA, serum lncRNA MALAT1 level and CMT were measured before and 1, 2 and 3mo after treatment. In addition, the clinical efficacy was assessed and the patients were followed up to record the adverse reactions. There were no significant changes in BCVA(LogMAR), serum lncRNA MALAT1 level and CMT in the non- injection group(P>0.05). The BCVA(LogMAR)in the control group and study group at 1, 2 and 3mo after treatment was significantly higher than that before treatment(all P

AIM:To observe the clinical efficacy of phacoemulsification combined with goniosynechialysis for chronic angle-closure glaucoma with cataract. METHODS:Fifty eyes in 50 patients with chronic angle-closure glaucoma and cataract, but without complications underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens(IOL)implantation, combined with goniosynechialysis. All patients were followed up for 3mo. The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), intraocular pressure(IOP), anterior chamber depth and angle were recorded and compared between pre-operation and post-operation. The results were showed by means plus or subtracting deviation standard. The BCVA, IOP, anterior chamber depth and angle were analysed by t test. RESULTS:The best corrected visual acuity at 3mo after operations was significantly higher than that before operations(t=8.76, P=0.001). The IOP at 3mo after operations was 15.63±3.11mmHg and was significantly lower than that(45.12±5.30mmHg)before operations(t=6.27, P=0.000). The anterior chamber depth at 3mo after operations was 3.57±0.02mm, and was significantly deeper than that(1.43±0.25mm)before operations(t=8.16, P=0.001). Compared with preoperative anterior chamber angle, those after operations were wider(Z=-4.432,P=0.000; Z=-2.432,P=0.016; Z=-4.379,P=0.000; Z=-4.538,P=0.000).CONCLUSION:Phacoemulsification combined with goniosynechialysis is safe and effective for chronic angle-closure glaucoma with cataract, which can control IOP and improve the visual acuity.

AIM: To study the characteristics and variability of flash electroretinogram(F-ERG)in normal adults of different age stages.METHODS: Thirty cases(60 eyes)of healthy physical examinaees were divided into two groups according to age: 20～30 years old group(15 cases, 30 eyes )and 40～50 years old group(15 cases, 30 eyes), F-ERG was recorded according to standard of International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision(ISCEV), and the parameters and coefficient of variation in the two groups were compared.RESULTS: Compared with 20～30 years old age group, the implicit time was extended and the amplitude decreased in the 40～50 years old age group, especially amplitude of the dark adaptation of 3.0, light adaptation of 3.0 and oscillatory potentials showed statistical significance(PCONCLUSION: Compared with 20～30 years old age group, the implicit time of ERG is extended and the amplitude is decreased in the 40～50 years old age group. The coefficient of variation of implicit time is the minimum.

AIM: To accurately measure the implicit time and amplitude of a-, b-wave from flash electroretinogram(ERG)through filtering technology, eliminate oscillatory potentials interference. METHODS: Full-field ERGs were recorded in 30 eyes of 15 physical check-ups, measured the implicit time and amplitude of a-, b-wave, when the passband was set at 0.6～300Hz and 0.6～70Hz, and correlation was performed among those results by paired t-test.RESULTS: When the passband was set at 0.6～70Hz, a-, b-wave had a single peak, compared with the passband was set at 0.6～300Hz, the implicit time of a-, b-wave was prolonged, amplitude was decreased(PCONCLUSION: A passband of 0.6～70Hz was the best choice to obtain smooth a- and b-waves from the original ERG, It could accurately measure the implicit time and amplitude of a-, b-wave.