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The article discusses principle of contradiction rephrased by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. he held that the criterion of truth is thought; this permitted him to substitute, in place of the dominant theological attitude of the time, a rationalistic approach to natural law and the positive-law deductions made from it. His method resulted in the construction of one of the great philosophical systems, of which his legal theory forms an integral part; but that system was never expounded in any unified form and must be put together from many papers and letters.

The article presents information on unjust acts. True it is that some unjust acts may be legal and some illegal, but the only conclusion, with reference to the doctrine of unjust enrichment, that can rightly be drawn from the admission is that, so far as such unjust acts are acts of unjust enrichment, the doctrine is not true. It is an incorrect conclusion that the doctrine is itself logically defective. There can be no identity and no contradiction in one sentence unless the same adjective appears on both sides of the copula, with or without a negative attached.