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Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is an iatrogenic complication of ovulation induction with exogenous gonadotropins. Pleural effusion and abdominal ascites frequently accompany this syndrome. In this paper, we present the case of a 22-year-old female patient who was admitted to our clinic with the complaints of sudden chest pain and dyspnea and was treated with ovulation induction. Exudative pleural effusion and ascites were determined in the patient. Pelvic ultrasonography revealed enlarged ovaries with numerous follicular cysts compatible with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Her estradiol level was >5054 pg/ml. The diagnosis of OHSS was established after elimination of other causative factors of polyserositis (pleural effusion and ascites). The disappearance of pleural effusion and ascites spontaneously in a week supported our diagnosis. Herein, we aimed to emphasize that OHSS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of polyserositis in young female patients with a history of ovulation induction history. (The Me­di­cal Bul­le­tin of Ha­se­ki 2014; 52: 56-9)