Search

Alcohol drinking during pregnancy might lead to detrimental consequences to the mother and fetus, being Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) the most severe. In many Latin-American countries, there is a paucity of information about prenatal exposure to alcohol. Aim. To estimate alcohol drinking in pregnant women and describe it concerning sociodemographic characteristics. Method. Data were collected from a random sample of women attending the public health care system (N=852) in 2016. Alcohol drinking, including binge drinking (BD), was evaluated before and after pregnancy recognition. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed. Results. While pregnant, two out of ten women reported drinking. Moreover, 2% engaged in BD and 3% presented indicators of alcohol dependence. BD before pregnancy was related to drinking during pregnancy and frequency, quantity, and BD before pregnancy with BD during pregnancy. Conclusions. Alcohol consumption in pregnant women was higher than the estimated for most Latin- American countries, and of the considered characteristics, was almost exclusively related to consumption patterns before pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Although the Theory of Planned Behavior has successfully been applied to explain heavy episodic drinking, recent reviews have identified gaps in the literature like the role of gender and scarce research from non English speaking countries. Objective. We aim to broaden the evidence for the Theory of Planned Behavior by evaluating the capacity of the model to predict heavy episodic drinking in Argentinean female and male youth. Methods. Multiple linear and logistic regressions were performed. Results. Attitude was the main predictor of heavy episodic drinking intention; there were gender differences, among women perceived behavioral control and subjective norm were also predictors of heavy episodic drinking intentions. The intention was the main predictor of heavy episodic drinking for both genders, while perceived behavioral control was also a predictor among women. Conclusions. Theory of Planned Behavior allows us to better understand the motivational variables related to heavy episodic drinking intention and performance and thus, to design appropriate prevention interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its emergence in the 70s, the Dual Process Model (DPM) has gained wide popularity in different fields of psychology, including the study of addictions. According to this model, there are two cognitive systems: one explicit, conscious and controllable; and another implicit, automatic and linked to intuition and affection. The DPM has been used to understand mechanisms underlying alcohol related behaviors, and quickly an exponential growth of research using implicit measures to evaluate alcohol related cognitions occurred. While these methods share some basic features, they differ in important aspects such as validity evidence available, administration procedures, etc. Therefore, in this paper we provide a comprehensive overview of the different ways to evaluate implicit alcohol related cognitions. We hope this review will be useful not only for researchers but also for professionals working in the clinical area with alcohol- related problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We estimated the prevalence of episodes of alcoholinduced amnesia without loss of consciousness - blackouts-, and identified predictors in university students in Argentina and Spain. We used a self-administered structured and anonymous questionnaire that assessed socio-demographic variables, life-time, annual and monthly prevalence of blackouts, alcohol drinking habits, alcohol use disorders, and use of other substances. The adequacy of the predictors was estimated through logistic regressions. Participants were 472 Argentinean (18 to 52 years, 81% female) and 320 Spanish students (18 to 54 years, 83% female), the annual prevalence of episodes of anterograde amnesia was 28 % (IC 95% [24-32) and 47 % (IC 95% [41-53]) respectively. Despite differences in other predictors between students from both countries, in both the probability seemed to be greater among those who binge drink (p>.01, OR=2.02 Argentinean, p>.01, OR=5.27 Spanish) or have an alcohol use disorder (p>.01, OR=3.36 Argentinean, p>.01, OR=6.28 Spanish). Probability of having a monthly blackout increased with life-time prevalence (p>.01, OR=20.71 Argentineans, p>.01, OR=23.33 Spanish). Further research and strategies are needed to reduce drinking and this and other alcohol-related consequences in similar populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]