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Introduction. The consumption of psychoactive substances and aggression in adolescence, are two serious social problems, with repercussions at the health, school and family levels. Purpose. To study the relationship between aggression and substance use in adolescent population, and to analyze the differences in consumption between adolescents with low academic performance, family problems or behavioral problems. Method. A total of 1196 adolescents, aged 14 to 18 years (50% female), from 23 educational centers, 10 university degree courses, and 18 specific juvenile centers, from Castile and Leon (Spain), participated. The Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) was used. Results. Substance use was mainly related to adolescent physical aggression and anger. Physical aggression increased progressively as the consumption of any substances rose. Anger was higher in all consumers, intensifying in the case of frequent alcohol binge-drinking. Hostility only correlated with tobacco and cannabis use. On the other hand, adolescents with low academic performance or family problems, smoked more tobacco and cannabis than the general group; adolescents with severe behavioral problems, reported more binge-drinking and higher levels of heavy cannabis and tobacco consumption. Conclusions. These results reinforce the importance of prevention, at the socio-educational and family level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perceived stress has been related to tobacco consumption and it has been observed that women may be more susceptible to this. However, even though women may present a higher level of stress and men a greater tobacco consumption, the association between perceived stress and tobacco consumption is different between men and women. The objective of this study was to know the predictive level of perceived stress on pattern of consumption in men and women interested in quitting smoking. 58 (31 women and 27 men) smokers participated and their pattern of consumption, consumption history and perceived stress were evaluated. The results showed that only in women perceived stress predicts the pattern of consumption (F (1) = 4.353, p = .046) and nicotine dependence (F (1) = 6.498, p = .016). These results point to the importance of implementing stress management strategies in smoking cessation interventions and especially in women in order to maintain abstinence and have more successful treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Establish an explanatory model through latent variables analysis of tobacco consumption based on alcohol consumption and alcohol consumption based on attitudes towards consumption in a sample of university students in Ecuador. Method: Descriptive correlational and explanatory design using SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) techniques. Participants: 546 students (69.2% women) aged between 17 and 41 years old (M= 21.3 years old; SD= 2.6), from four universities (45.1% public ones) in two cities of Ecuador. Results: The predominance of alcohol consumption is high; the prevalence of tobacco consumption is low, and attitudes towards alcohol consumption are ambivalent. Alcohol attitudes predict alcohol consumption (R²= .57) and alcohol consumption predicts tobacco consumption (R²= .26). Attitudes and consumption provide an explanatory model for tobacco consumption with ꭓ²= 662.59; p< .001; df= 480; ꭓ²/gl= 1.4; CFI= .95; TLI= .94; SRMR= .049; RMSEA= .026 [.021 - .031]. Conclusions: The study of attitudes and consumption behaviors are important for a better understanding about alcohol and tobacco consumption in university students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Adolescence is a phase of the human life cycle including the use of drugs such as alcohol and tobacco. Objectives. The main objective of this study was to analyze whether alcohol and tobacco use is related to psychoeducational variables (e.g., school goals, academic self-concept, and school performance). Method. A random sampling of 1 197 students selected from nine schools in Portugal was used. Results. The results of the present study found that tobacco and alcohol users had significantly lower scores on psychoeducational variables compared to non-users. It should be noted that in verbal self-concept no differences were found between users and non-users in relation to both alcohol and tobacco. Conclusions. For all these reasons, it can be established that there is a relationship between tobacco and alcohol consumption and the psychoeducational variables examined in this study of Portuguese adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Migration has an effect on the individual, social and family spheres, these effects will require adaptation processes that affect lifestyles, they will be reflected in the processes of health, disease and risk behaviors such as drug use. Objective. Determine the personal characteristics of the migrant that can influence the consumption of legal and illegal drugs. Methodology. The steps of the Crochrane Manual and the Elements of Reports for the Presentation of Systematic Reviews were followed, as a search strategy, the descriptors Desc the Mesh thesaurus in English and Spanish were included, as well as truncators and Boléan operators in the title and abstract: Migrants AND Alcohol Drinking OR Drugs Abuse. Results. The 25 studies that make up the systematic review include personal characteristics of the migrant such as age, gender, education, occupation, marital status associated with drug use, of which 72% consider personal characteristics associated with alcohol consumption, 12% with tobacco. 8% to illicit drugs and 8% to different types of drugs. Conclusions. The results of this systematic review provide evidence between the relationship of some personal characteristics of migrants as risk factors that influence the consumption of licit and illicit drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drugs constitute an alarming health problem at any age, though specially so among youngsters as early age use increases the possibility of continuing and getting worse eventually. Aim. To verify the possible relationships between drug use in students of the Faculty of Educational Sciences of the University of Malaga, and its relationship with influential factors such as gender, religiosity or residence outside the father's home. Method. The sample was constituted by 755 students. It is a descriptive and cross-sectional study which has used as a data collection instrument a questionnaire. The statistical prevalence was estimated and a bivariate analysis was carried out. Most of the students do not smoke (85.5%) and though a vast majority does drink alcohol (84.9%). Results. There are less women who drink alcohol, whereas smoking is similar in both genders. Conclusions. Living outside their parents´ home is a risk factor concerning legal drugs abuse, whereas religious beliefs proves meaningless in that regard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To determine whether the symptoms of anxiety and depression are associated with the variables of gender, age, and level of risk associated with the consumption of alcohol and tobacco. Methodology. Cross-sectional design research with non-probabilistic and non-experimental type sampling. A sample of 663 middle and high school students between 13 and 20 years old was used. Three psychometric instruments were applied: Beck Depression Inventory-II, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale The Alcohol, and Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST v3.1). Results. A statistical association between the risk associated with alcohol and tobacco consumption with levels of anxiety and depression was identified. The relationship between high risk of consumption of these substances with high levels of symptoms of anxiety and depression was demonstrated. Additionally, there is a relationship between symptoms of anxiety and depression with gender; and with age. Conclusions. alcohol and tobacco consumption among adolescents present a significant relationship with symptoms of depression and anxiety. There is a greater tendency for women to present symptoms of depression and anxiety than in men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is important to evaluate the differences in anxiety and depression, and the association between smoking and quality of life between Mexican smokers and non-smokers with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Objective. To evaluate the differences between smokers and non-smokers with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in anxiety, depression and quality of life; assess whether anxiety and depression moderate the association between quality of life and tobacco use; and evaluate the level of prediction of the quality of life towards tobacco consumption. Methodology. 44 smokers and non-smokers with T2DM. Information on the pattern of consumption, nicotine dependence, anxiety, depression, and quality of life was collected. Results. Anxiety as a trait and depression as a trait and state moderate the association between the pattern of consumption and quality of life. Conclusions. Smokers with DM had more symptoms of depression and anxiety and were more affected in quality of life. Anxiety and depression moderate the association between quality of life and nicotine dependence. The importance of taking these moderating factors into account in interventions for stop smoking and the maintenance of tobacco abstinence in people with T2DM is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family functionality is defined as the adolescent's perception of interaction with family members, while family satisfaction is the result of verbal and / or physical interactions with other members of its family. The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship and effect of functionality and family satisfaction with alcohol and tobacco consumption among adolescents in high school in Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico. Method. Correlational descriptive design, with a sample of 171 students, with a stratified probabilistic type sampling with assignment proportional to the size of each stratum and with simple random selection. Results. A negative and significant relationship was found between family functionality (APGAR index) and alcohol consumption (AUDIT score) (rs = -. 241, p = .039). The variables that maintain their effect are the family functionality (B = -. 087, DE = .031, t = -2.802, p = .007) and family cohesion (B = -.051, DE = .024, t = -2.136, p = .036). Family functionality had no significant effect on tobacco use. Conclusion. The effect of family functionality and cohesion in relation to alcohol consumption influence the onset, so family dynamics can be a risk factor for the early start of alcohol consumption, as well as a way to escape from the family reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this psychometric study was the Latin American validation of the C4 Smoking Classification Questionnaire (Cuestionario de Consumidores de Cigarrillo C4). A non-probabilistic sample of 2280 men and women smokers from six different countries (Cuba, México, Argentina, Ecuador, Perú and Colombia) participated in the study There were administered two different test: a smoke exposition questionnaire and the C4. Validity, reliability and differential item functioning where analyzed according to the consumption level and the socio-cultural context. Before the test administration, different experts analyze the format and the language used in C4; afterwards and in order to define final administration protocol, an international protocol was made. A Latin America tobacco consumption panorama is presented, comparing different countries and the electronic administration form, with an auto scoring application and messages promoting the consumption cessation according with the declared consumption level. It's conclude that there is no country differential item functioning and that C4 accomplish the psychometric requirements, that's why it is useful to evaluate the tobacco consumption in people from the participating countries and other with similar population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug consumption is one of the major public health problems worldwide, and in most cases, teens also commonly herald the onset of substance use and abuse. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to know about university students´ drug consumption as well as to determine the connecting factors between this aspect, physical activity (PA) practice and gender. For this purpose, a descriptive inferential analysis was done through a validated questionnaire answered by 366 students from University of Bío-Bío (Chile). The main results showed alcohol is the most consumed substance, tobacco is the most commonly abused substance and other drugs are least consumed by students. Gender differences were found, since substances consumption is more prevalent among men than women. Nevertheless, differences according to PA practice were not statistically significant. Therefore, in this case these results suggest there is no relationship between PA practice and the different unhealthy habits considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The study of drug use and other adolescent problem behaviours is approached from different preventive strategies. Schools are important as an environment in assessing the situation. Most instruments to evaluate this problem are limited in the type of drugs as well as in the implementation of related risk behaviours. Methods. This paper presents the psychometric study of a scale based on the ESTUDES survey to detect adolescent substance use, health consequences and challenging behaviours in educative contexts. FRIDA was selected to assess the concurrent validity. Participants were 1.264 students (M = 14.41, SD = 1.43) who participated voluntarily. Informed consent was requested. An exploratory factor analysis of the 19 selected items was carried out using the WLMSV method on tetrachoric correlation matrix and Geomin rotation with MPLUS was employed. Results. The results showed the scale consists of two factors: Factor I, substance abuse and health consequences, based on the use of illegal drugs, and Factor II, use of legal drugs and challenging behaviours. Conclusions. It is a short instrument for the detection of drug use, health consequences and challenging behaviours in the educational field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Physical activity reduces levels of anger, tobacco consumption and withdrawal symptoms in people who are quitting smoking. Objectives. The objectives of this research were, to check the relationship between anger and tobacco consumption in athletes, to know whether there are differences in the levels of anger depending on the number of hours of sport training in smokers athletes, and check if there are differences in anger levels depending on the number of daily cigarettes smoked in athletes. Methodology. The sample consisted of 502 athletes. A sociodemographic questionnaire ad hoc, the Expression Inventory of State-Trait Anger STAXI-2 and the Oviedo Scale of Infrequency of Response (INF-OV) were used. Results. Significant differences (p < .05) were found in trait anger, temperament and outward expression of anger, for smokers athletes. However, significant differences were not found in anger depending on the training hours and the number of daily cigarettes. Conclusions. The smokers athletes showed higher levels of trait anger, outward expression of anger and temperament. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Waterpipe consumption is a worldwide phenomenon, especially among adolescents and young adults. There is data on its distribution in various European countries but Spain is not among them. Objective. To estimate the prevalence and to obtain the pattern of waterpipe tobacco consumption in secondary education and high school in Spanish students. Method. The study was carried out in 1770 students from the Province of Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain. To estimate the size of the sample, each academic block was stratified by geographic areas, grouping the students in as many clusters as groups there were in each centre and each course. Instrumental data was an ad hoc questionnaire designed for this study. Statistical analysis included a descriptive study (SPSS 17.0 Windows program). The study of the proportions was calculated using Chi-Square (χ2) test. Results. Our results show a waterpipe tobacco consumption in 33.7% of all the students, being this consumption higher in girls from first course of high school who had a weekly income of more than 5 €. The pattern of consumption in our students was monthly (43.3%), every weekend (89.4%), and in a friend's house (46.9%) and in parks (38.2%). Conclusion. The considerable prevalence of this type of smoker among Canarian adolescents suggests a possible underestimation of the smoking frequency among Spanish adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescence is the stage at which teenagers begin to consume tobacco and alcohol, associating with problems in their maturational development and unhealthy habits that can be difficult to eradicate in adulthood. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 526 students from first cycle of secondary education, with an age between 12 and 15 years old (M=13.13; SD=.9576). The aim is to define the profile of alcohol and tobacco consumption in adolescents through a regression model, using as instruments the AUDIT and FTND questionnaires. The results established that twofifths of adolescents consume alcohol and most did not show dependence to tobacco. The use of these substances increases with age, but it is not related to gender. Besides this, physical activity can decrease the tobacco consumption. The regression model found that alcohol increases tenfold the probability to consume tobacco, also interacting with high intakes and consumption of illegal drugs. Similarly, alcohol consumption is related to tobacco that acts as a bridge substance, and the influences exerted by peers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescence is a critical period regarding the acquisition of healthy habits at the expense of harmful behaviors, so this study is to analyze the motivational climate made physical activity, consumption of alcohol and snuff, and establish the relationships between variables. They involved 2,134 students aged between 15 and 18 years (M = 15.93 years), which allowed the registration and evaluation of variables Snuff consumption (FTND), Drinking (AUDIT) and Motivational Climate (PMCQS- 2). The results showed that most teens are not smoking, and only a third of them consumed alcohol; the girls drink alcohol moderately compared to boys, who do excessively. Regarding the motivational climate, students are more oriented toward the task to the ego, the women getting higher figures in the ego climate, reversing the climate data in the task. Alcohol intake is related to the consumption of snuff; teens that use snuff and / or alcohol are oriented to the ego, while those who do not consume, are more oriented toward the task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to analyze the levels of alcohol and snuff teen ruling possible relationships with family and academic parameters These three hypotheses were advanced: boys and girls who regularly consume alcohol and snuff have a worse academic performance; frequent consumption of both elements has a negative impact on the family and academic environments; and the lower the academic level of the parents, the more likely the use of both substances. The participation of a total of 2,134 adolescents allowed the record and evaluation of Snuff consumption variables (FTND), Drinking (AUDIT), Family Function Scale (APGAR), Academic Level Students and Parents. No association between the youngsters 'consumption or intake of snuff and alcohol and their parents' academic performance and educational level can be made. The main conclusion that can be drawn is that adolescents with severe family disorders present values of the high dependence on patent snuff being the medium and heavy drinking and having high rates of repetition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this descriptive survey was to investigate the risk perceptions of smoking in a sample of 1,510 Spanish adolescents (49.1% males; mean age = 14.03; SD = 1.28). In addition, the present research categorised adolescents into one of the four stages of smoking acquisition, as described by the Transtheoretical Model of Change (TMC): Precontemplation (not thinking about trying smoking in the next 6 months), Contemplation (thinking about trying smoking in the next 6 months), Preparation (thinking about starting smoking in the next 30 days) and Action (smokers), by gender and age. The results showed that age and risk perceptions are important variables in the progression through the stages of change towards regular tobacco consumption (Action stage). These results clearly demonstrate the importance of starting anti- smoking campaigns at an early age to prevent smoking acquisition or the thought of starting in the near future. These findings also highlight the need to continuously remind adolescents about the negative consequences of smoking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tobacco is the second most commonly used drug among adolescents. Aim. The aim is to analyse the influence of different socializing agents: parents and peers, in the use and the intention of use among adolescents. Methods. Cross-sectional study in a school setting in Spain. 5,828 youngsters (50.2% males, 49.8% females) recruited in Secondary Education Centres (mean age 14.15). Main outcome measures: Self-reported tobacco use (ever and current use of cigarettes), attitudes toward tobacco and influence groups tobacco use. Findings. There is a relative importance of parent influence to adolescent smoking onset. Peer tobacco use is the variable that increases the most the probability of use. Smoking is more likely among those subjects whose friends smoke (odds ratio 7.16, 95% confidence interval 5,5 - 9,3), than among those whose friends are non-smokers. Conclusions. Peer behaviour plays a predominant role in the onset and regular use of tobacco. Girls are more vulnerable to social pressure, the use or intention to use increases more sharply among girls in the presence of friends who smoke than among boys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aims to see the relationship between sex, school absenteeism and grade repetition by the consumption of snuff in adolescents 3 ° and 4 ° ESO. Method: Participants in this study were a total of 688 adolescents. These participants were drawn from the total population (N = 7832) of teenagers from 3rd and 4th of ESO of Vitoria (Alava). To collect the data we used the National Survey on Drug Use in Secondary Education (ESTUDES). Results: The results of the study show a prevalence of snuff increased by females compared with males. Also, those subjects who made more consumption are the ones who miss class or who obtain a higher school failure repeating one or more courses. Conclusions: The negative consequences experienced by the consumption of snuff reflect the high risk of failure or truancy. Consequences should consider preventive upcoming programs in order to harm reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the fact that drug consumption in young people is a matter of great interest in our society, more and more surveys have studied about it, to the point of existing a great amount of unconnected epidemiologic data nowadays, which lack coherence and haven't been properly related. Considering this situation, this paper proposes an integrated analysisof the current situation of tobacco, alcohol, cannabis and other illegal drugs consumption in Spanish adolescents. Besides, in this discourse, it is exposed the influence of social, cultural and political factors, that is, factors that may be responsible either of the decrease or stabilization in some substances or of the increase in others. In line with this explanation, we propose some recommendations for the prevention of substance use in Spanish young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to know the attitudes and opinions on the consumption of alcohol, tobacco and drugs, in students of the secondary education of the city of Bragança, aged between twelve and fifteen years. The Individuals who formed the sample attended the seventh, eighth and ninth years of schooling in a total of 62 pupils of both genders. The results showed that for consumption of alcohol, tobacco and drugs 6.25% of the respondents regularly consume alcohol, 12.5% smoke habitually and 8.33% consume drugs. Through the procedures carried out we conclude that the 'no consumers' are the ones who had present a bigger perception of the risk associated with the consumption of these substances. We can also verify that the experimentation of the substances is initiated each time more precociously. One of the possible causes of these results could be the lack of information about the consequences of consumption of these substances, or the vulnerability of the adolescents in yielding to the experimentation of the same ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]