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Global health faces a broad spectrum of old and new challenges. Besides epidemiological problems, political conflicts, economic crisis and austerity policies are jeopardizing progress towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC), affecting the most vulnerable populations. During the 22nd International Union for Health Promotion and Education (IUHPE) World Conference on Health Promotion held in Curitiba, Brazil, in 2016, challenges and threats for global health, in addition to a wide range of innovative experiences in health promotion, were discussed with participants from 65 countries. At the end of the conference, a public statement was approved claiming for Democracy and Human Rights in all countries around the world as essential conditions for the promotion of health and equity. In this paper, we explore challenges, threats and innovations in global health promotion. We use scientific literature, analysis of the current situation of the Brazilian health system, and material presented during the 22nd IUHPE World Conference. Also, we discuss strategies to strengthen health systems, policies and practices through the approach of STI and illustrative local experiences presented at the congress mentioned above, including examples developed in the city of Curitiba. We conclude that STI is crucial to support strengthening local health systems, design effective intersectoral public policies, scaling up innovative initiates, and skilling staff in addressing the contemporary challenges. Finally, the Declaration of the 22nd World Conference on Health Promotion of the IUHPE is a fundamental policy statement based on the prioritization of democracy and human rights as essential conditions for the promotion of health and equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the criticisms against the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) or 2030 Agenda is how they are decontextualized from national realities. To verify this, we worked to identify possible interfaces between the deliberations that took place at Brazilian national conferences and the 2030 Agenda, in the context of urban territories. A qualitative study was conducted using thematic analysis of the final documents produced by the national conferences on health, food and nutrition security, environment and solidarity economy (2013–2015). The study considered all 17 SDGs and the results are presented in the five Ps categories. (i) People: discussions related to this category presented more convergences than any other. (ii) Planet: water was discussed in terms of its rational use and preservation, and as a right. Patterns of consumption, production and climate change were linked to the debate on food. (iii) Partnerships: varying views were presented, some regarding them as a threat against guaranteed rights and others as a way to strengthen the national agenda. (iv) Prosperity: discussions focused on economic growth and industrialization associated to the redistribution of wealth and overcoming inequities. Cities were considered strategic in rural–urban relations. (v) Peace: the term was absent, but 'justice' was discussed in terms of rights, fair taxation and the inclusion of people in vulnerable situations. Our results demonstrated that the 2030 Agenda clearly converges with Brazil's social demands. They enabled contextualizing the SDGs and qualified the debates on their implementation, which indicate the adherence to principles of the health promotion field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]