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This paper examines whether the use of blood pressure medication has an influence on social inequalities in blood pressure levels. In Norway, cardiovascular disease has for decades been associated with high mortality and social inequalities. High blood pressure is an important risk factor in this aspect, and prescription drugs have been established as a standard treatment of hypertension. We have seen population blood pressure levels fall, blood pressure inequality levels remaining stabile, and medication use increase. The paper uses panel data from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study linked with registry data on education and income. Results from fixed effects regression analyses indicate that blood pressure medication overall has a levelling effect. The traditional social gradient is mainly found among non-users of medication. With blood pressure medication being plausibly at a late stage of its diffusion, these findings give some support to the hierarchical diffusion model, while they also imply the need for equal access to sufficient blood pressure treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper draws upon literature from economics, and the human capital and equity fields in order to present a theoretical framework for a new multidimensional measure of poverty for Australia. Poverty is about having low living standards; but its measurement has traditionally focused only on an individual's income or on other dimensions of living standards that are not appropriate for contemporary Australian society, such as calorie intake. There are two additional capabilities individuals require for adequate living standards: health and education. Each of these is required for basic functioning within modern society, but have traditionally been ignored by measures of poverty. This paper argues that health is a basic capability people need for a fulfilling life, allowing individuals to participate in activities essential in modern society, and that education can also be seen in this light. As such it is vital that health and education be included in measures of poverty. In order to move Australian poverty measurement forward and build upon the work of the past, poverty measurement must move its focus away from only looking at low income, and take a holistic focus on the living standards of individuals by incorporating assessments of health and education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many healthcare workers are 'on the move' as part of their employment, travelling often great distances to such places as patients'/clients' homes and community clinics. Healthcare workers' experiences of this employment-related geographic mobility have been relatively invisible even though mobility is necessary for home and community care. Interviews with professional (e.g. nurses) and paraprofessional (e.g. personal care assistants) healthcare workers in Nova Scotia (Canada) found that mobility includes safety risks, and health and economic costs, although a few professionals had employment contracts that helped to protect them against such risks and costs. Paraprofessionals appear to be most impacted by the economic costs given their lower incomes. Many healthcare workers also experienced travel positively, as time away from fixed sites, and associated this time with freedom. The risks of mobility were understood by some workers as part of a duty to care, but a few suggested that the health and economic costs are an undue burden, pointing to an opening for challenging these conditions. There is a need for regulations to ensure all healthcare workers are safe as they are mobile to and from fixed sites, and do not have to shoulder the health or economic costs of mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study used data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey to explore three hypotheses: (1) that income and wealth both predict economic security perception, mental health, and physical health; (2) that gradients in health outcomes are better explained by wealth than income; and (3) that economic security perception is better explained by wealth than income. We conducted fixed effects regression analysis. After controlling for other variables in our model, both income and wealth appeared to have positive and significant associations with economic security perception and a range of mental health outcomes, but not physical health. There was also some evidence to support our second hypothesis, that gradients in health outcomes are better explained by wealth than income, however only for mental health. Our third hypothesis was not supported by the data. While both income and wealth were strongly related to economic security perception, it was better explained by income than wealth. We recommend that future studies are designed to evaluate the role of economic security as a mediating variable in the relationship between income, wealth and health, because the implications are substantial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Informed by Bourdieu and Passeron's theory of reproduction, we investigated relationships between the cultural and economic capitals of South Korean parents and the capitals and self-rated health of their adult children in cross-sectional survey data from the 2006 Korea Welfare Panel Study. Parental education and childhood economic circumstances manifested independent associations with the self-rated health of the adult respondents. Much of the connection between parental capitals and respondent self-rated health was explained by respondent education. Educational attainment and household income but not receipt of monetary inheritance from their parents were significantly associated with the self-rated health of the respondents. Lastly, parental educational attainment was associated with the self-rated health of the women but not the men over and above the capitals held by the respondents themselves. Our study illuminates the importance of the intergenerational transmission of multiple forms of capital in the production of good health for South Korean adults. In particular, we propose that wealthy and well-educated South Korean parents employ their capitals to develop math and linguistics skills in their children that facilitate good performance in the standardised university entrance exams, success in the labour and/or marriage markets and, ultimately, good self-rated health for their adult children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combining work and family can be a significant source of tension and conflict. For young dual-earner couples especially it is a challenge to find a balance. We examine the impact of negative work-to-family and family-to-work spillover on feelings of depression and life satisfaction, as well as crossover effects between partners. Of particular interest are differences between married and cohabiting partners. Dyadic data stemming from a subsample of the Belgian survey 'Relationships in Flanders' (2010) are used (N newlywed couples = 376, N recently cohabiting couples = 344). Regressions confirm that both work-to-family and family-to-work spillover are major stressors. In line with gender role theories, men seem somewhat more affected by family-to-work spillover; women by work-to-family spillover, also when their partner allows work to interfere with family. Overall, the cohabiting do not feel more distressed, but do feel less satisfied with life. Moreover, interesting differences appear when comparing both groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]