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This study investigates the electronic and optical properties of a perovskite material known as Formamidinium Germanium Halide (FAGeX 3 ), where X represents the elements Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), and Iodine (I). We explore the bandgap, density of state (DOS), and partial density of state (PDOS) to understand their electronic properties. We use two methods, PBE and HSE-06, to determine the bandgap. Further, we investigate the optical properties by investigating the real and imaginary functions of the dielectric constant, refractive index, electron energy loss function, and absorption coefficient. Our research extends to the impact of biaxial strain, both tensile and compressive, in the -6% to +6 % range. Without strain, the materials exhibit direct bandgaps at the R point, with FAGeCl 3 showing the highest bandgap (2.1359 eV), followed by FAGeBr 3 (1.7325 eV), and FAGeI 3 with the lowest (1.2581 eV). Our results reveal that applying tensile strain increases the bandgap and induces a blueshift, shifting the optical responses to shorter wavelengths, while compressive strain reduces the bandgap and causes a redshift, enhancing longer wavelength responses. Our findings demonstrate that FAGeX 3 perovskites exhibit highly tunable electronic and optical properties under strain, making them exceptional candidates for advanced optoelectronic applications., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Distributed generation (DG) systems are becoming more popular due to several benefits such as clean energy, decentralization, and cost effectiveness. Because the majority of renewable energy sources provide DC power, power electronic inverters are necessary for their conversion from DC to AC power. To fulfill this demand, the next generation power inverter employs innovative technologies while simultaneously assuring stability and resilience. This paper highlights the limitations of current inverter technology and points the way forward to the next generation of inverters that overcome those limitations. A more efficient, trustworthy, and system-resilient inverter employs new technology such as the internet of things (IoT). However, these new technologies expose the system to cyber-physical threats. This problem is being overcome through the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning. Initially, the present state of the inverter technology with its current challenges against grid resilience has been investigated in this paper. After that, the necessity of smart inverter and their impact on the power system has been reviewed to enhance grid resilience, stability, and adaptability. Finally, a directional pathway to the next generation inverter has been proposed by addressing the features, components requirement integration challenges, and possible solutions in this paper., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

The solar technology industry has lately given inorganic perovskite materials an abundance of thought because of their unique optical, electrical and structural characteristics. Issues pertaining to lead (Pb) toxicity and instability require being referred to promptly, making lead-free atomically designed metal halide perovskites of foremost importance to the photovoltaic and optoelectronic industries. Perovskites, a class of inorganic metal halide semiconductors, have variant similarities with Mg 3 SbX 3 (X = I, Br, Cl and F). According to the space group Pm-3m Mg 3 SbX 3 (X = I, Br, Cl and F) has a cubic perovskite crystal structure. Utilizing first-principles density-functional theory (FPDFT), The intention of this investigation is to analyze how strain and spin-orbit coupling (SOC) impact the structural, electrical, optical and mechanical features of the inorganic cubic perovskite of Mg 3 SbX 3 (X = I, Br, Cl and F). At the point between R and Γ, the Mg 3 SbI 3 , Mg 3 SbBr 3 , Mg 3 SbCl 3 molecule displays an indirect bandgap of 0.105 eV, 0.957 eV, 1.728 eV. At the Γ point, the Mg 3 SbF 3 molecule displays a direct bandgap of 3.184 eV. The bandgaps of the Mg 3 SbI 3 , Mg 3 SbBr 3 , Mg 3 SbCl 3 and Mg 3 SbF 3 perovskites are 0.198 eV, 1.203 eV, 1.901 eV and 3.723 eV respectively, when considering the spin-orbital coupling (SOC) quantum influence. A wider bandgap is investigated for increasing compressive strain while a smaller bandgap is observed for increasing tensile strain. Apart from the elastic constants and anisotropic factors, other factors that are anticipated include Pugh's ratio, Poisson's ratio, bulk modulus and others. Isotropic, ductile and mechanically stable are the words that best describe these materials, according to the elastic property evaluations. In the photon energy range that is appropriate for solar cells, the dielectric constant spikes of Mg 3 SbX 3 are found to be visible. Therefore, Mg 3 SbX 3 (X = I, Br, Cl and F) perovskite is a good material to use in solar cells for managing light and producing electricity., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

A novel concept in the realm of conventional electricity grids, known as the "smart grid," has emerged to explore the most effective methods for integrating green and renewable energy sources. By leveraging existing technologies for its communication network, the Smart Grid also inherits their associated drawbacks. Exploiting these vulnerabilities can lead to severe consequences such as privacy breaches, cascading failures, or even system-wide blackouts. Securing the Smart Grid is now paramount to ensuring its optimal performance. This document aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the Smart Grid. We begin by examining its inherent weaknesses, followed by a classification of common attacks and their potential impacts. Subse-quently, we delve into strategies for mitigating and detecting these attacks, utilizing appropriate algorithms. Lastly, we address current research challenges and propose future initiatives aimed at enhancing cybersecurity measures to safeguard smart grids from cyberattacks. Moreover, this review emphasizes the intricate relationship between technological vulnerabilities and cybersecurity challenges within the Smart Grid framework. It offers a nuanced perspective that highlights specific areas requiring heightened attention to establish an effective and robust defense against potential threats., Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Bishowjit Paul reports administrative support, statistical analysis, and travel were provided by 10.13039/501100016173Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Bishowjit Paul reports a relationship with 10.13039/501100016173Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology that includes: non-financial support. In compliance with ethical standards, I confirm that I have no other relationships, activities, or affiliations that could be interpreted as a conflict of interest by the reader. I am not serving in any editorial capacity for the journal to which this manuscript is being submitted. Bishowjit Paul, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

The rapid dissemination of misinformation on the internet complicates the decision-making process for individuals seeking reliable information, particularly parents researching child development topics. This misinformation can lead to adverse consequences, such as inappropriate treatment of children based on myths. While previous research has utilized text-mining techniques to predict child abuse cases, there has been a gap in the analysis of child development myths and facts. This study addresses this gap by applying text mining techniques and classification models to distinguish between myths and facts about child development, leveraging newly gathered data from publicly available websites. The research methodology involved several stages. First, text mining techniques were employed to pre-process the data, ensuring enhanced accuracy. Subsequently, the structured data was analysed using six robust Machine Learning (ML) classifiers and one Deep Learning (DL) model, with two feature extraction techniques applied to assess their performance across three different training-testing splits. To ensure the reliability of the results, cross-validation was performed using both k-fold and leave-one-out methods. Among the classification models tested, Logistic Regression (LR) demonstrated the highest accuracy, achieving a 90 % accuracy with the Bag-of-Words (BoW) feature extraction technique. LR stands out for its exceptional speed and efficiency, maintaining low testing time per statement (0.97 μs). These findings suggest that LR, when combined with BoW, is effective in accurately classifying child development information, thus providing a valuable tool for combating misinformation and assisting parents in making informed decisions., Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:The co-author, Associate Professor Ashad Kabir, holds the position of Associate Editor at Heliyon Journal., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Researchers are now focusing on inorganic halide-based cubic metal perovskites that are not toxic as they strive to commercialize optoelectronic products and solar cells derived from perovskites. This study explores the properties of new lead-free compounds, specifically GaGeX 3 (where X = Cl, Br, and I), by executing first-principles Density Functional Theory (DFT) to analyze their optical, electronic, mechanical, and structural characteristics under pressure. Assessing the reliability of all compounds is done meticulously by applying the criteria of Born stability and calculating the formation energy. As discovered through elastic investigations, these materials showed anisotropic behavior, flexibility, and excellent elastic stability. The electronic band structures, calculated using both HSE06 and GGA-PBE functionals at 0 GPa, reveal fascinating behavior. However, computed band structures with non-zero pressures using GGA-PBE. Here, the conduction band moved to the lower energy when the halide Cl was changed with Br or I. In addition, the application of hydrostatic pressure can lead to tunable band gap properties in all compounds such as from 0.779 eV to 0 eV for GaGeCl 3 , from 0.462 eV to 0 eV for GaGeBr 3 and from 0.330 eV to 0 eV for GaGeI 3 , resulting transformation from semiconductor to metallic. Understanding the origins of bandgap changes can be illuminated by examining the partial and total density of states (PDOS & TDOS). When subjected to pressure, all the studied compounds showed an impactful increase in absorption coefficients and displayed exceptional optical conductivity in both the visible and UV zones. Yet, GaGeCl 3 is a more effective UV absorber because it absorbs light more strongly in the UV area. Moreover, GaGeI 3 stands out among the compounds examined due to its impressive visible absorption and optical conductivity, which remain consistent under varying pressure conditions. Besides, GaGeI 3 exhibits higher reflectivity when subjected to pressure making them suitable for UV shielding applications. At last, these metal cubic halide perovskites without lead present promising opportunities for advancing optoelectronic technologies. With their tunable properties and favorable optical characteristics, these materials are highly sought after for their potential in solar cells, multi-junctional solar cells, and different optoelectronic functions., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

The effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatments and storage conditions in the regulation of the physicochemical and bioactive properties of mango fruits ( Mangifera indica L. cv. BARI-4) were investigated during storage. Different concentrations of 1-MCP treated samples (T 0  = Control, T 1  = 0.5 μL/L, T 2  = 1.0 μL/L, T 3  = 1.5 μL/L, and T 4  = 2.0 μL/L) were stored in developed storage structure (10±1 °C and 90 % RH), cold storage (3 ± 1 °C and 80 ± 2 % RH), and ambient storage (29 ± 3 °C and 65 ± 2 % RH). The change in fruit quality including weight loss, firmness, surface color, storage life, chemical, and bioactive properties were studied periodically at 10, 20, 30 and 40 days of storage. The results demonstrated that 1-MCP treatment effectively maintained the quality of fruits by retarding the loss of weight, firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), and titratable acidity, which were served as a quality parameter during storage. The 1-MCP treatment dramatically delayed the change in color, quality measures, and bioactive properties compared to the control group. The storage condition greatly influenced the postharvest quality value and storage life. In combination with the developed storage structure and 1-MCP treatment preserved the acceptability of fruits to a great extent for around 40 days. The T 2  = 1.0 μL/L 1-MCP treatment preserved the fruit quality for the highest days of storage 14, 34, and 46 days in ambient storage, cold storage, and develop storage structure respectively. The developed storage structure (10 ± 1 °C and 90 % RH) with 1-MCP (1.0 μL/L) treatment suggested the optimum storage ability for preserving the postharvest storage life of mango fruits. By implementing these findings mango growers and suppliers can reduce post-harvest losses, expand market reach, and provide consumers with high-quality mangoes that retain their quality for an extended period., Competing Interests: The authors declare no potential conflict of interest., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Photonic Crystal Fibers (PCF) effectiveness in practice decreases if the fabrication of the sensor becomes too complex. Keeping this in mind, we propose a one-of-a-kind wheel shaped PCF sensor with an exposed core containing only three air holes with exceptional sensing features. The sensor is equipped with dual plasmonic layers, Indium Tin Oxide (ITO, 10 % wt) and silver (Ag) with a coating of TiO 2 to enhance the sensing capabilities and provide protection against oxidation. The sensor's distinctive configuration enables it to exhibit two distinct peaks within a range of refractive index from 1.32 to 1.38 for y-polarization and from 1.35 to 1.38 for x-polarization. The sensor specifications have been optimized to achieve the maximum levels of wavelength sensitivity (WS) and double peak shift sensitivity (DPSS). The sensor portrays a WS of 50,652 nm/RIU and the highest DPSS ever recorded, measuring 50,000 nm/RIU. Additionally, the sensor exhibits a significantly high scale of amplitude sensitivity (AS) of 1668.34 RIU -1 which is a very remarkable value considering silver as plasmonic material along with an outstanding figure of merit (FOM) of 1017.11 RIU -1 . In addition, our sensor is able to manifest resolutions in the order of 10 -6 , demonstrating a resolution of 5.94 × 10 -6 RIU with the deployment of amplitude interrogation method and 1.97 × 10 -6 RIU with the wavelength interrogation method. The design spans an extensive spectrum, covering ultraviolet to mid-infrared wavelengths, enabling detection of biomolecules and biochemicals, along with operation in the optical communication band., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibilities of the junction-less double-gate (JLDG) MOSFET structure with gallium nitride (GaN) channel material to overcome the limitations of conventional MOSFET structures in improving device performance at scaled gate lengths and voltages. The design targets of this study are the doping profile (N D ), and gate work function (Ф). The device has been modeled using the Silvaco Atlas 2D device simulator. The proposed model has been validated by calibrating it against the parabolic potential-based analytical model for short-channel JLDG MOSFETs in the subthreshold regime of Jazaeri et al. Device figure of merits (FOMs) such as ON-current (I ON ), ON-OFF current ratio (I ON /I OFF ), subthreshold swing (SS), and drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) have been evaluated. The maximum on-current, (I ON ) = 0.9 mA/μm, has been achieved by tuning the channel doping concentration (N D ) to 1 × 10 19  cm -3 . Tuning the gate work function, (Ф) also has a substantial effect on the behavior of the device. The lowest OFF-state current (I OFF ) of 1.24 × 10 -16 A/μm and power dissipation of 9.69 × 10 -17  W/μm have been found for gate work-function (Ф) = 5.1 eV (Au). In addition, the on-current to off-current ratio (I ON /I OFF ) of 7.56 × 10 12 revolutionizes the applicability of the device in the semiconductor industry. Thus, the remarkable improvements in device FOMs prove that GaN-based JLDG MOSFETs are a strong contender for applications requiring low-power logic switching in the next generation., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Pomelo ( Citrus maxima ), the largest citrus fruit, provides a variety of nutrients that have several health benefits, including antioxidant and antidiabetic functions. Antioxidants help combat oxidative stress by neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reducing cellular damage. On the other hand, antidiabetic properties involve mechanisms such as enhancing insulin secretion, improving insulin sensitivity, inhibiting carbohydrate digestion and absorption, and regulating glucose metabolism. However, there is a lack of data on the comparative analysis of the physicochemical composition, bioactive properties, and antidiabetic effects of pomelo fruits grown in Bangladesh. To address this issue, the most common and popular high-yielding five cultivars of pomelo fruits grown in Bangladesh including LOCAL, BARI-2 (BARI: Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Batabi Lebu-2), BARI-3, BARI-4, and BARI-6 were evaluated concerning proximate, minerals, and physicochemical properties with their antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. Research has revealed that all pomelo varieties contained a significant amount of proximate compositions and major minerals (Ca, Mg, K, Na, and Fe). The highest juice yield (75.37 ± 0.33 %), vitamin C content (79.56 ± 2.26 mg/100 mL of fresh juice), and carotenoid content (919.33 ± 0.62 μM β-Carotene Equivalent/g DM) were found in BARI-3 pomelo fruit and adhered to the sequence (p < 0.05): BARI-3 > LOCAL > BARI-4 > BARI-6 > BARI-2; BARI-3 > LOCAL > BARI-2 > BARI-4 > BARI-6, and BARI-3 > BARI-2 > BARI-6 > LOCAL > BARI-4, respectively. The anthocyanin content and inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase were found to be at their peak in the BARI-2 pomelo variety and the values were 50.65 ± 2.27 μg cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalents/100 g DM and 85.57 ± 0.00 μM acarbose equivalents/g DM, respectively. BARI-3 pomelo variety showed highest DPPH antioxidant capacity (170.47 ± 0.01 μM Trolox equivalents/g DM), while the BARI-6 pomelo variety exhibited the highest total phenolic content (6712.30 ± 1.84 μg gallic acid equivalents/g DM), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power activity (183.16 ± 0.01 μM Fe(II) equivalents/g DM). Therefore, this study explores the nutritional value and bioactivity of five popular pomelo varieties in Bangladesh, offering valuable insights for utilizing high-value citrus resources and understanding their health-promoting functions., Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:S M Kamrul Hasan reports financial support was provided by University of Grants Commission (10.13039/100015747UGC) of Bangladesh., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Composites are new materials that combine two or more distinct components with diverse properties to create a new material with improved properties. The goal of this endeavor was to use fiber preparation wastes, or waste from cotton spinning mill blow room and carding, to produce bio composites based on starch. The matrix was prepared using the starches of potatoes, maize, and arrowroot, and any remaining reinforcing material was used. A hand layup technique was used to make the bio-composites. Tensile, bending, density, water absorbency, and SEM testing were among the studies used to illustrate the starch-based biodegradable materials. The maximum tensile strength of 0.49 MPa is displayed by sample AB. The resistive bending force of 3.71 MPa is greatest in Sample AB. The most uniform combination of reinforcing material (wastage cotton) and matrix is seen in PB's SEM picture. Among the samples, AB had the greatest density value, measuring 0.35 g/cm3. The sample PC had the highest absorption findings in both water and the 5 % HCl combination because carding waste had more fiber than blow room and fiber absorbs more water. The resultant bio-composites made of starch had the potential to replace Styrofoam., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, restrictions significantly impacted religious activities related to death celebrations, mortuary practices, and funerary rituals in Bangladesh. Bereaved families faced a harsh reality, unable to perform the full rituals for their loved ones due to the pandemic outbreak. This study explores the adjustments and modifications made in cultural rituals and how they affected bereaved families and close relatives., Objective: This study aims to explore how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the observance of death rituals in Bangladesh and the effects on bereaved families and close relatives., Methods: This study employed a qualitative approach and gathered data through 3 key informant interviews (KIIs) and 58 in-depth interviews (IDIs) conducted between December 2020 and January 2021. Purposive sampling was employed to recruit participants from three distinct groups: (1) individuals who had experienced the death of a relative during the pandemic, (2) caregivers who provided support to those experiencing loss, and (3) volunteers actively involved with funeral and burial services. This selection strategy ensured a diverse range of perspectives on the impact of the pandemic on death rituals., Results: The pandemic forced people to observe funerals or make significant sacrifices to traditional practices reluctantly. Disruptions to long-standing traditions and widespread emotional toll were as various segments of society struggled to find closure in saying goodbye to loved ones. Due to the severity of the pandemic, people became heavily reliant on priests, crematorium workers, and funeral volunteers for mortuary services. Both Hindu and Muslim religions discouraged family gatherings during post-burial rituals. The fear of contracting the virus further limited bereaved families' ability to bid farewell to their deceased loved ones properly., Conclusion: This research highlights the profound impact of the pandemic on death rituals and the resulting emotional distress for bereaved families in Bangladesh. The findings are pivotal in guiding the development of concrete policies for future pandemic preparedness and response. Such policies might encompass guidelines for safe and culturally sensitive mortuary practices, psychosocial support and grief counseling initiatives for affected communities, and strategies to mitigate religious anxieties during public health emergencies., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

The global need for energy is increasing at a high rate and is expected to double or increase by 50%, according to some studies, in 30 years. As a result, it is essential to look into alternative methods of producing power. Solar photovoltaic (PV) power plants utilize the sun's clean energy, but they're not always dependable since they depend on weather patterns and requires vast amount of land. Space-based solar power (SBSP) has emerged as the potential solution to this issue. SBSP can provide 24/7 baseload carbon-free electricity with power density over 10 times greater than terrestrial alternatives while requiring far less land. Solar power is collected and converted in space to be sent back to Earth via Microwave or laser wirelessly and used as electricity. However, harnessing its full potential necessitates tackling substantial technological obstacles in wireless power transmission across extensive distances in order to efficiently send power to receivers on the ground. When it comes to achieving a net-zero goal, the SBSP is becoming more viable option. This paper presents a review of wireless power transmission systems and an overview of SBSP as a comprehensive system. To introduce the state-of-the-art information, the properties of the system and modern SBSP models along with application and spillover effects with regard to different sectors was examined. The challenges and risks are discussed to address the key barriers for successful project implementation. The technological obstacles stem from the fact that although most of the technology is already available none are actually efficient enough for deployment so with, private enterprises entering space race and more efficient system, the cost of the entire system that prevented this notion from happening is also decreasing. With incremental advances in key areas and sustained investment, SBSP integrated with other renewable could contribute significantly to cross-sector decarbonization., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

Assessing the quality of fuel is essential to comprehend its impact on the environment and human health. In this study, the evaluation of fuel quality standards at the consumer level was conducted by analyzing the motor fuels in Khulna, Bangladesh. A total of 32 samples of petrol (regular gasoline), and octane (premium gasoline) were collected from the fuel stations in the Khulna City Corporation area and analyzed with an FTIR-Fuel Analyzer. Fuel properties, such as research octane number (RON), motor octane number (MON), ethanol content, olefins content, and oxygen content were analyzed. For petrol, the average RON, MON, olefins, and oxygen content were 95.34, 85.70, 8.23 %v/v, and 0.78 %m/m, respectively, and for octane, they were 96.96, 85.39, 1.25 %v/v, and 0.09 %m/m, respectively. Almost all of these parameters complied with both Bangladesh standard and Euro 5 fuel specifications, and those that did not comply were very close to their standard values. However, benzene concentration, which was not specified in Bangladesh Standard, was the most alarming metric for octane since none of the samples matched the Euro 5 fuel specifications of the maximum concentration of 1 %v/v benzene; on average it was 3.70 %v/v. Although petrol benzene content (average 1.50 %v/v) was not as bad as it was for octane, it was still nowhere near good enough, with only 25% of the samples within the recommended level among the studied sample. This information holds significance in establishing the fuel profile and facilitating the identification of distinct samples linked to adulteration. Therefore, the analysis of motor fuel qualities is essential for maintaining the environment, human health, and the economy of a country., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

This investigation was done to determine how much zinc (Zn) the stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis , needs in its diet. Five isonitrogenous (34.5% protein) and isolipidic (6.0% lipid) diets were prepared to contain graded levels of Zn (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg kg -1 ), supplied as zinc sulfate (ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O), and referred to as Zn0, Zn10, Zn20, Zn30, and Zn40, respectively. A total of 600 fish (initial body weight: 1.41 ± 0.02 g) were stocked in 15 glass aquaria (40 fish/aquarium), each with 180 L water capacity. For ten weeks, each diet was hand fed to three groups of fish twice daily until they appeared satisfied. The highest weight gain and specific growth rate, and lowest feed conversion ratio were recorded in fish fed with a 30 mg Zn kg -1 diet. Zn contents in bone and muscle linearly increased up to 30 mg kg -1 Zn and then remained stable, while iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) contents in bone and muscle had an inverse pattern with the inclusion level of dietary Zn. Increasing dietary Zn levels up to 30 mg kg -1 was found to improve values of hematological parameters such as red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), haemoglobin (Hb), and haematocrit (HCT). These values, however, decreased when the dietary Zn level was further increased. The serum alkaline phosphatase level was the highest in fish fed a diet containing 30 mg kg-1 of Zn. Regression analyses based on weight gain, specific growth rate, and bone and muscle Zn concentrations indicated that the optimum dietary Zn requirement for stinging catfish was in a range of 27.4-36.5 mg kg -1 ., Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Md. Amzad Hossain reports financial support was provided by University Grants Commission of Bangladesh. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Even though lead halide perovskites have outstanding physiochemical properties and improved power conversion efficiency, most of these compounds threaten their future commercialization because of their instability and highly toxic nature. Thus, it is preferable to use stable alternative elements rather than lead to make environmentally friendly perovskite material that will have comparable optical and electronic properties to those constructed from Pb-based perovskites. However, devices constructed from lead-free perovskites typically display a lower power conversion efficiency. Applying hydrostatic pressure could be deemed an effective method to alter the physical properties of these compounds. This not only improves their performance in application but also reveals significant correlations between structure and properties. This work uses DFT to investigate the structural, electronic, optical, and elastic properties of non-toxic, francium-based halide perovskites FrXCl 3 (X = Ge, Sn) at different levels of hydrostatic pressures that vary from 0 to 10 GPa. The estimated structural parameter's strong correlation with the data from earlier studies ensures the accuracy of the current findings. Pressure causes the Fr-Cl and Ge (Sn)-Cl bonds to shorten and become stronger. The electronic property calculations demonstrated that both compounds are direct band-gap semiconductors. The application of pressure leads to a linear reduction in the band gap (semiconducting to metallic state) and raises the electronic density of states around the Fermi level by forcing the valence band electrons upward, indicating that the optoelectronic device's performance can be tuned and improved. The values of the dielectric constant, absorptivity and reflectivity showed an increasing tendency with pressure. As the pressure applied to the compounds increases, the absorption spectra show a redshift. These findings suggested that the FrXCl 3 (X = Ge and Sn) compound becomes more appropriate for usage in optoelectronic applications under pressure. Furthermore, our examination of the mechanical properties indicates that both FrGeCl 3 and FrSnCl 3 exhibit mechanically stability, and ductility. Interestingly, we observe an increase in ductility as pressure levels rise., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

The article discusses the need for a lightweight software architecture evaluation framework that can address practitioners' concerns. Specifically, the proposed framework uses process mining and Petri nets to analyze security and performance in software development's early and late stages. Moreover, the framework has been implemented in six case studies, and the results show that it is a feasible and effective solution that can detect security and performance issues in complex and heterogeneous architecture with less time and effort. Furthermore, the article provides a detailed explanation of the framework's features, factors, and evaluation criteria. Additionally, this article discusses the challenges associated with traditional software architecture documentation methods using Unified Modeling Language diagrams and the limitations of code alone for creating comprehensive Software Architecture models. Various methods have been developed to extract implicit Software Architecture from code artifacts, but they tend to produce code-oriented diagrams instead of Software Architecture diagrams. Therefore, to bridge the model-code gap, the article proposes a framework that considers existing Software Architecture in the source code as architectural components and focuses on Software Architecture behaviors for analyzing performance and security. The proposed framework also suggests comparing Software Architecture extracted by different Process Mining algorithms to achieve consensus on architecture descriptions, using visualizations to understand differences and similarities. Finally, the article suggests that analyzing the previous version of a system's Software Architecture can lead to improvements and deviations from planned Software Architecture can be detected using traceability approaches to aid software architects in detecting inconsistencies., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

The aim of the study is to examine the relationship between oxidative bursts, their regulation with ion homeostasis, and NADPH oxidase (NOX) in different salt-sensitive maize genotypes. For this, in the first study, four differently salt-sensitive maize genotypes (BIL214 × BIL218 as tolerant, BHM-5 as sensitive, and BHM-7 and BHM-9 as moderate-tolerant) were selected on the basis of phenotype, histochemical detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and specific and in-gel activity of NOX. In the next experiment, these genotypes were further examined in 200 mM NaCl solution in half-strength Hoagland media for nine days to study salt-induced changes in NOX activity, ROS accumulation, ion and redox homeostasis, the activity of antioxidants and their isozyme responses, and to find out potential relationships among the traits. Methylglyoxal (MG) and glyoxalse enzymes (Gly I and II) were also evaluated. Fully expanded leaf samplings were collected at 0 (control), 3, 6, 9-day, and after 7 days of recovery to assay different parameters. Na + /K + , NOX, ROS, and MDA contents increased significantly with the progression of stress duration in all maize genotypes, with a significantly higher value in BHM-5 as compared to tolerant and moderate-tolerant genotypes. A continual induction of Cu/Zn-SOD was observed in BIL214 × BIL218 due to salt stress. Substantial decreases in CAT2 and CAT3 isozymes in BHM-5 might be critical for the highest H 2 O 2 burst in that sensitive genotype under salt stress. The highest intensified POD isozymes were visualized in BHM-5, BHM-7, and BHM-9, whereas BIL214 × BIL218 showed a continual induction of POD isozymes, although GPX activity decreased in all the genotypes at 9 days. Under salt stress, the tolerant genotype BIL214 × BIL218 showed superior ASA- and GSH-redox homeostasis by keeping GR and MDHAR activity high. This genotype also had a stronger MG detoxification system by having higher glyoxalase activity. Correlation, comparative heatmap, and PCA analyses revealed positive correlations among Na + /K + , NOX, O 2 •- , H 2 O 2 , MG, proline, GR, GST, and Gly I activities. Importantly, the relationship depends on the salt sensitivity of the genotypes. The reduced CAT activity as well as redox homeostasis were critical to the survival of the sensitive genotype., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

A Digital Twin (DT) is a digital copy or virtual representation of an object, process, service, or system in the real world. It was first introduced to the world by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) through its Apollo Mission in the '60s. It can successfully design a virtual object from its physical counterpart. However, the main function of a digital twin system is to provide a bidirectional data flow between the physical and the virtual entity so that it can continuously upgrade the physical counterpart. It is a state-of-the-art iterative method for creating an autonomous system. Data is the brain or building block of any digital twin system. The articles that are found online cover an individual field or two at a time regarding data analysis technology. There are no overall studies found regarding this manner online. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the data level in the digital twin system, and it involves the data at various phases. This paper will provide a comparative study among all the fields in which digital twins have been applied in recent years. Digital twin works with a vast amount of data, which needs to be organized, stored, linked, and put together, which is also a motive of our study. Data is essential for building virtual models, making cyber-physical connections, and running intelligent operations. The current development status and the challenges present in the different phases of digital twin data analysis have been discussed. This paper also outlines how DT is used in different fields, like manufacturing, urban planning, agriculture, medicine, robotics, and the military/aviation industry, and shows a data structure based on every sector using recent review papers. Finally, we attempted to give a horizontal comparison based on the features of the data across various fields, to extract the commonalities and uniqueness of the data in different sectors, and to shed light on the challenges at the current level as well as the limitations and future of DT from a data standpoint., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

In this work, MnO 2 /NiO nanocomposite electrode materials have been synthesized by a cost-effective hydrothermal method. The effect of the concentrations (0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 wt%) of NiO nanoparticles on the surface morphology, structural properties, and electrochemical performance of the nanocomposites was characterized by different characterization techniques. The scanning electron micrographs (SEM) reveal that the as-prepared NiO nanoparticles are well connected and stuck with the MnO 2 nanowires. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed an increase in the interplanar spacing due to the incorporation of NiO nanoparticles. The different structural parameters of MnO 2 /NiO nanocomposites were also found to vary with the concentration of NiO. The MnO 2 /NiO nanocomposites provide an improved electrochemical performance together with a specific capacitance as high as 343 F/g at 1.25 A/g current density. The electrochemical spectroscopic analysis revealed a reduction in charge transfer resistance due to the introduction of NiO, indicating a rapid carrier transportation between the materials interface. The improved electrochemical performance of MnO 2 /NiO can be attributed to good interfacial interaction, a large interlayer distance, and low charge transfer resistance. The unique features of MnO 2 /NiO and the cost-effective hydrothermal method will open up a new route for the fabrication of a promising supercapacitor electrode., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

In this current assessment, BaO synthesized from Moringa Oleifera leaves were irradiated using 0-75 kGy gamma radiation and investigated its physical impacts. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) data demonstrated the synthesis of tetragonal BaO, and no phase deviation was observed after irradiation. As doses are increased, the overall crystallite size were decreased due to an increase in defects and disorders. The tetragonal BaO was evident in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra prior to and following irradiation, while peak intensities and wavenumbers varied considerably. The as-prepared BaO showed a spherical shape morphology, and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) indicated no vital deviations in it after irradiation. As irradiation shifts from 0 to 75 kGy, optical bandgap was increased from 4.55 to 4.93 eV, evaluated using Kubelka-Munk (K-M) equation from UV-vis-NIR spectrophotometer. Opto-electronic and photonic devices have challenges in extreme radiation conditions, such as space and nuclear environments. So, these assessments suggested that BaO can withstand high levels of gamma photon and could be a good option for photonic and optoelectronic instruments in an extreme gamma-ray exposed conditions., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Bio-derived chitosan-molybdenum di sulfide (Cs-MoS 2 ) nanocomposites are prepared by a simple and economical aqueous casting method with varying concentrations of MoS 2 . The structural, surface morphological, optical, and electrochemical properties of the nanocomposites were studied. FTIR analysis reveals the strong interaction between Cs and MoS 2 . FESEM micrograph showed an increment of the surface roughness due to the incorporation of MoS 2 layers into Cs. The surface wettability of the nanocomposites was found to be decreased from 73° to 33° due to the incorporation of MoS 2 into the chitosan. UV-vis spectroscopy study demonstrates a reduction of optical bandgap from 4.29 to 3.44 eV as the nanofiller, MoS 2, introduces localized states within the forbidden energy bandgap. The incorporation of MoS 2 was found to increase the specific capacitance of Cs from 421 mFg -1 to 1589 mFg -1 at a current density of 100 μAg -1 . The EIS analysis revealed an increase in the pseudo-capacitance from 0.09 μF to 4.13 μF and a reduction of charge transfer resistance that comes from the nanofiller contribution. MoS 2 nanoflower introduces more active sites and expands the electroactive zone, thus improving the charge storage property of Cs. The Cs-MoS 2 may offer a new route for the synthesis of eco-friendly, biodegradable, and electrical storage devices., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

This study pioneers an innovative approach to fortifying online voting systems, leveraging RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) encryption and decryption techniques for robust data protection. Through a comprehensive amalgamation of advanced security layers, including MobileFaceNet-driven face verification, device fingerprint matching, and multi-factor authentication, this system engenders a resilient shield against cyber vulnerabilities. By harnessing a Firebase database, user information is securely stored and authenticated, affirming their pivotal role in the democratic process. The symphony of RSA encryption and decryption orchestrates a formidable fortress around data transmission and storage, ensuring impregnable security against digital threats. This paradigm shift in voting technology strives to not only elevate security but also enhance accessibility and convenience, ultimately contributing to the evolution of online voting systems and fostering greater participation rates and reducing associated costs in the digital era., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

The present world is focusing on sustainable products. Most of the natural products collected from are environmentally friendly. In the textile sector the main raw material is fiber. Most textile products are made from the natural cotton fibers. But because of the shortage of this fiber, most of the researchers are looking forwards to other sources of natural fibers. Here in Bangladesh the natural jute fiber is available and the textile industries are making jute products but the jute products are comparatively lower price than cotton products. That's why some factories are making cotton-jute blended yarn to minimise the cost and increase the product's quality and appearance. Here in this research work, it was tried to identify the best cotton-jute blended ratio for producing good quality yarn. 80C-20 J, 60C-40 J and 40C-60 J blended ratios are compared with 100 C and 100 J yarn to analyse the results. The CV m%, Thick/Km +50 %, Neps/Km +200 %, IPI, RKM and Elongation% of blended yarns are evaluated and compared the results between the ratios. After that the yarn quality index (YQI) was calculated to identify the ratio which indicates a relation between yarns strength, elongation% and CVm. The other quality index was fiber quality index (FQI) which indicates a relation between fibers strength, fiber mean length, elongation% and fiber fineness. One way ANOVA was applied to see the significance level between the independent variables. Box plot was applied to see the visual effect of statistical analysis at the same time the regression results show the impact of cotton-jute ratio with an equation, through which it was easy to identify the perfect ratio. It was found that higher percentage of cotton and lower percentage of jute fiber blended yarn shows good results than others. The products which were made from the ratios were shown good results for their different use of purposes., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

Antioxidant compounds such as phenolics and carotenoids scavenge reactive oxygen species and protect against degenerative diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease when used as food additives or supplements. Mango peel is a by-product of mango which is a good source of bioactive substances such as phytochemicals, antioxidants, and dietary fibers. Unfortunately, the study on mango peel as a potential food additive is very limited. Accordingly, the present study aimed to develop functional noodles through extrusion technology with the encapsulation of mango peel powder as a natural source of bioactive compounds. First, mango peel powder (MPP) was prepared and incorporated during the mixing of ingredients before noodles formation at three different levels (2.5, 5 and 7.5 %). Afterward, the noodles were studied to determine how the encapsulated MPP affects the proximate composition, physicochemical characteristics, polyphenols, carotenoids, anthocyanin, antioxidant and antidiabetic activity, and sensory characteristics. The noodles exhibited a dose-dependent relationship in the content of bioactive components and functional activities with the encapsulation of MPP levels. A significantly (p 0.05) higher value was noticed in 7.5 % of MPP-encapsulated noodles than in any level of MPP encapsulation in noodles. The fiber and protein contents in the MPP-encapsulated noodles were increased by about 0-1.22 % and 0-3.16 %, respectively. However, noodles' color index and water absorption index were decreased with the level of MPP encapsulation. The cooking loss of noodles increased from 4.64 to 5.17, 6.49, and 7.32 %, whereas the cooked weight decreased from 35.11 to 34.40, 33.65, and 33.23 % with 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 % of MPP encapsulation, respectively. However, MPP was stable during storage of noodles exhibiting higher phenolic content and antioxidant activity than control samples. The sensory evaluation showed that MPP-encapsulated noodles at levels 2.5 and 5 % had approximately similar overall acceptability values with the control sample. As a result of the findings, it appears that adding MPP up to 5 % to noodles improves their nutritional quality without changing their cooking, structural, or sensory aspects. Therefore, mango peel powder can be a potential cheap source for the development of functional noodles and food ingredients., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

The present research explores linear as well as nonlinear radiation patterns based on the MHD non-Newtonian (Maxwell) nanofluid flow having Arrhenius activation energy. This study's core focus is MHD properties in non-Newtonian fluid dynamics and boundary layer phenomena analysis. It initiates with time-dependent equations, employing boundary layer approximations. Extensive numerical computations, executed with custom Compact Visual Fortran code and the EFD method, provide profound insights into non-Newtonian fluid behavior, revealing intricate force interactions and fluid patterns. To check the stability of the solution, a convergence and stability analysis is performed. With the values of Δ Y  = 0.25, Δ τ  = 0.0005, and Δ X  = 0.20; it is found that the model convergence occurs to the Lewis number, Le  > 0.016 as well as the Prandtl number, Pr  > 0.08. In this context, investigating non-dimensional results that depend on multiple physical factors. Explanation and visual representations of the effects of different physical characteristics and their resultant temperatures, concentrations, and velocity profiles are provided. As a result of the illustrations, the skin friction coefficient and Sherwood number, which are calculated, as well as Nusselt values, have all come up in discussion. Additionally, detailed representations of isothermal lines and streamlines are implemented, and it is pointed out that the development of these features occurs at the same time as Brownian motion. Furthermore, the temperature field for Maxwell fluid is modified due to the impression of chemical reaction as well as the Dufour number ( Kr and Du ). Our research demonstrates the superior performance of non-Newtonian solutions, notably in cases involving activation energy and nonlinear radiation. This paradigm shift carries significant implications. In another context, the interplay between Maxwell fluid and nonlinear radiation is notably affected by activation energy, offering promising applications in fields like medicine and industry, particularly in groundbreaking cancer treatment approaches., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Improved fertilizer management, with a combination of organic and inorganic inputs, has the potential to enhance rice yield while maintaining soil health. However, studies on the effects of broadcast prilled urea (PU) and urea deep placement (UDP) applied in combination with organic inputs (poultry litter [PL] and vermicompost [VC]), as integrated plant nutrition systems (IPNSs), on rice yields and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) under alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation are limited. We conducted field experiments during the dry and wet seasons of 2018, 2019, and 2020 to investigate the effects of fertilizer treatments, including control (no nitrogen), UDP, PU, and IPNSs (PU + VC, PU + PL, and UDP + PL) on rice yield and NUE under two irrigation regimes - AWD and continuous flooding (CF). The results revealed that fertilizer treatment and irrigation regime had significant (p < 0.05) interaction effects on rice yield and the agronomic efficiency of N (AE N ) during the dry season. UDP significantly (p < 0.05) boosted rice yield, total dry matter (TDM), and NUE as compared to broadcast PU in both wet and dry seasons. Similarly, the IPNS treatment of UDP with PL significantly (p < 0.05) boosted rice yield, TDM, and NUE in comparison to broadcast PU. Under AWD irrigation, UDP alone produced higher rice yields than other treatments, while UDP, and UDP with PL produced similar yields under CF irrigation. During the dry season, AWD irrigation significantly (p < 0.05) increased rice yield, TDM, and AE N when compared to CF conditions, but during the wet season, AWD irrigation demonstrated a rice yield and NUE equivalent to CF. This research implies that using a UDP alone or in combination with PL as an IPNS could be a good way to boost crop productivity while also maintaining soil fertility., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Conventional Copper Indium Gallium Di Selenide (CIGS)-based solar cells are more efficient than second-generation technology based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si: H) or cadmium telluride (CdTe). So, herein the photovoltaic (PV) performance of CIGS-based solar cells has been investigated numerically using SCAPS-1D solar simulator with different buffer layer and less expensive tin sulfide (Sn 2 S 3 ) back-surface field (BSF). At first, three buffer layer such as cadmium sulfide (CdS), zinc selenide (ZnSe) and indium-doped zinc sulfide ZnS:In have been simulated with CIGS absorber without BSF due to optimized and non-toxic buffer. Then the optimized structure of Al/FTO/ZnS:In/CIGS/Ni is modified to become Al/FTO/ZnS:In/CIGS/Sn 2 S 3 /Ni by adding a Sn 2 S 3 BSF to enhanced efficiency. The detailed analysis have been investigated is the influence of physical properties of each absorber and buffer on photovoltaic parameters including layer thickness, carrier doping concentration, bulk defect density, interface defect density. This study emphasizes investigating the reasons for the actual devices' poor performance and illustrates how each device's might vary open-circuit voltage (V OC ), short-circuit current density (J SC ), fill factor (FF), power conversion efficiency (PCE), and quantum efficiency (QE). The optimized structure offers outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.83 % with only 0.80 μm thick CIGS absorber. The proposed CIGS-based solar cell performs better than the previously reported conventional designs while also reducing CIGS thickness and cost., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Physician burnout is a global concern that can lead to exhaustion, ineffectiveness, and poor health outcomes. Burnout has been linked to a variety of societal and professional variables worldwide. This cross-sectional, multi-centered study was conducted by face-to-face interviews between April 2019 and December 2021 at sixty-two (62) tertiary level hospitals to identify potential risk factors for burnout among Bangladeshi physicians, which is essential for preventing adverse impact on their well-being, improving overall quality of life, and facilitating measures to manage stress and maintain a healthy work-life balance. A simple random sampling technique in conjunction with a structured questionnaire was used to collect a total of 1434 responses, assuming 20 % of the sample as non-responsive. Univariate, bivariate, and multinomial logistic regression statistical analyses were performed to determine the risk factors and associate the level of severity. The distribution of burnout status differs significantly at distinct covariate levels, such as working place, working hour, prevalence of potential interpersonal conflicts (subsequent increase of adjusted odds ratios i.e.; 6.52, 8.82, 11.41, and 37.07 is observed for physicians having interpersonal conflicts with both co-workers & family members), job dissatisfaction, annoyed feeling while dealing with patients (adjusted odds ratios are 529.68, 518.26,983.87 and 849.57 respectively) and some other significant factors of the physicians. This study also reveals that the female physicians, physicians with age 40-49, physicians with additional liabilities, physicians with job dissatisfaction, less salary compared to the workload, less flexibility and security at the job sector as well as obese physicians are at high risk of burnout. These results are statistically significant with a p value ≤ 0.05. To reduce burnout of Bangladeshi physicians, it is necessary to address the risk factors, create supportive workplaces, maintain a healthy work-life balance, provide opportunities for self-care, and promote mental health., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Lead-free halide perovskites are a crucial family of materials in the fabrication of solar cells. At present, Solar cells are facing several challenges such as mechanical and thermodynamic instability, toxicity, unsuitable optical parameters, bandgap, and absorption coefficient. Ba 3 AsI 3 is a halide perovskite which has demonstrated good efficiency and tremendous promise for usage in solar cell applications, and it offers a possible solution to these issues. In this study, the properties of the Ba 3 AsI 3 perovskite solar cell were investigated using first-principles density functional theory (FP-DFT) calculations with the CASTEP (Cambridge serial total energy package) formulation. Most of its physical qualities, including its elasticity, electrical composition, bonding, optoelectronic characteristics, and optical characteristics have not yet been explored. In this work, these unexplored properties have been thoroughly investigated using density functional theory-based computations. The Born-Huang criterion and phonon dispersion characteristics have revealed that the material is mechanically stable. The bonding nature has been investigated using the density of states curves, Mulliken population analysis, and electronic charge density. Additionally, different elastic parameters demonstrate that Ba 3 AsI 3 has reasonably high machinability and is mechanically isotropic. ELATE's three-dimensional visualization and optical properties also show isotropic behavior in all directions. The band structure shows that the bandgap is direct. Based on its direct bandgap, stability, large range of absorption coefficient, and suitable optical parameters, Ba 3 AsI 3 is recommended as an absorber layer for solar cell fabrication in a near future., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known as the " multidrug resistance protein " because it contributes to tumor resistance to several different classes of anticancer drugs. The effectiveness of such polymers in treating cancer and delivering drugs has been shown in a wide range of in vitro and in vivo experiments. The primary objective of the present study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of several naturally occurring polymers on P-gp efflux, as it is known that P-gp inhibition can impede the elimination of medications. The objective of our study is to identify polymers that possess the potential to inhibit P-gp, a protein involved in drug resistance, with the aim of enhancing the effectiveness of anticancer drug formulations. The ADMET profile of all the selected polymers (Agarose, Alginate, Carrageenan, Cyclodextrin, Dextran, Hyaluronic acid, and Polysialic acid) has been studied, and binding affinities were investigated through a computational approach using the recently released crystal structure of P-gp with PDB ID: 7O9W. The advanced computational study was also done with the help of molecular dynamics simulation. The aim of the present study is to overcome MDR resulting from the activity of P-gp by using such polymers that can inhibit P-gp when used in formulations. The docking scores of native ligand, Agarose, Alginate, Carrageenan, Chitosan, Cyclodextrin, Dextran, Hyaluronic acid, and Polysialic acid were found to be -10.7, -8.5, -6.6, -8.7, -8.6, -24.5, -6.7, -8.3, and -7.9, respectively. It was observed that, Cyclodextrin possess multiple properties in drug delivery science and here also demonstrated excellent binding affinity. We propose that drug efflux-related MDR may be prevented by the use of Agarose, Carregeenan, Chitosan, Cyclodextrin, Hyaluronic acid, and/or Polysialic acid in the administration of anticancer drugs., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Riding on the journey of a sustainable world it is very crucial to extend the usage of natural cellulosic fiber from renewable sources. Due to their numerous applications and eco-friendly behavior, natural cellulosic fibers are in greater demand every day. In this article a new natural fiber extracted from the creepers of Mikania micrantha with the help of 5% NaOH retting process. Previously no research work have been done with this fiber. The fiber was characterized by following ASTM D1909, ASTM D 2654, ASTM D1445, TAPPI standard for determination of moisture regain and content, bundle fiber strength and chemical composition respectively. XRD, SEM, FTIR and TGA analysis were also done for the identification of crystallinity, fiber morphology, functional group and thermal behavior. The tests results showed that it is a cellulose enriched textile fiber having 56.42% cellulose. The average moisture regain and content % were 9.17% and 8.4% respectively analyzed from the five samples. The average tenacity was determined 38.6 gm/tex with 1.8% elongation and the crystallinity of the tested fiber was 72%. The maximum degradation temperature for this fiber was 477 °C. The application of this noble fiber can be for making fiber reinforced composites, cellulose nanomaterials, biomaterials etc., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Author(s).)

In recent years, inorganic perovskite materials have attracted a lot of attention in the field of solar technology due to their exceptional structural, optical, and electronic properties. This study thoroughly investigated, using first-principles density-functional theory (FP-DFT), the impact of compressive and tensile strain on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of the inorganic cubic perovskite Sr 3 AsI 3 . The unstrained planar Sr 3 AsI 3 molecule exhibits a direct bandgap of 1.265 eV value at Γ point. The bandgap of the Sr 3 AsI 3 perovskite is lowered to 1.212 eV when the relativistic spin-orbital coupling (SOC) effect is subjected in the observations. In addition, the structure's bandgap exhibits a falling prevalence due to compressive strain and a slight rise due to tensile strain. The optical indicators such as dielectric functions, absorption coefficient, reflectivity, and electron loss function show that this component has a great ability to absorb in the visible range in accordance with band characteristics. When compressive strain is raised, it is discovered that the spikes of the dielectric constant of Sr 3 AsI 3 move to lower photon energy (redshift), and conversely, while growing tensile strain, it exhibits increased photon energy changing behavior (blueshift). As a result, the Sr 3 AsI 3 perovskite is regarded as being ideal for use in solar cells for the production of electricity and light management., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

This paper introduces a comprehensive study of a quad-cluster multi-functional Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) sensor where gold and Aluminum doped with zinc oxide (AZO) were used as plasmonic materials. A maximum Amplitude Sensitivity (AS) of 5336 RIU -1 and Wavelength Sensitivity (WS) of 40,500 nm/RIU in y pol was obtained incorporating Gold as plasmonic material. When AZO was included as the plasmonic material, AS of 3763 RIU -1 & WS of 9100 nm/RIU for y polarization were determined. The RI detecting range was increased from 1.32 to 1.43 to 1.19-1.42 after using AZO instead of Au that opens up a new horizon for detection. A novel detection technique, 'Double Step Dual Peak Shift Sensitivity (DS-DPSS)' was proposed in sensing temperature where highest sensitivity of 1.05 nm/ ° C having resolution of 0.095 °C for x pol. was achieved. Due to its diverse functionality, the suggested sensor represents a significant advancement in the detection of numerous analytes in biochemical applications., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)

In recent decades, many countries have shown a growing interest in Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) as a potential clean and environmental-friendly means of harnessing coal energy for power generation, and production of hydrogen, diesel fuel, etc. While Bangladesh may have good UCG potential that can be utilized to alleviate the country's current energy scarcity, this avenue has remained completely untapped up to now. In this work, the possibility of UCG implementation in five (05) indigenous discovered coalfields of the country was evaluated for the first time by using the preference selection index (PSI) method. This novel technique was considered to prioritize coalfields for gauging UCG potential. The PSI method is chosen over numerous traditional multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques, because it selects the best alternative from given alternatives without deciding the relative importance between attributes. The study indicated Jamalganj coalfield as the most suitable for implementing the UCG technique with a 93.6% potential. The second priority is Khalaspir coalfield with around 70.0% prospect and the other three coalfields - Dighipara (64.7%), Barapukuria (63.5%), and Phulbari (58.3%) may have UCG suitability in decreasing order of preference. The deduction is expected to assist the cogitation of energy-sector researchers and facilitate the decision-making of relevant authorities, policy makers, planners, and entrepreneurs., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Pomegranate, scientifically known as Punica granatum, has been a traditional medicinal remedy since ancient times. Research findings have shown that using pomegranate extracts can positively affect a variety of signaling pathways, including those involved in angiogenesis, inflammation, hyperproliferation, cellular transformation, the beginning stages of tumorigenesis, and lastly, a reduction in the final stages of metastasis and tumorigenesis. This is due to the fact that pomegranate extracts are rich in polyphenols, which are known to inhibit the activity of certain signaling pathways. In the United States, cancer is the second biggest cause of death after heart disease. The number of fatalities caused by cancer in the United States escalates yearly. Altering one's diet, getting involved in regular physical activity, and sustaining a healthy body weight are three easy steps an individual may follow to lower their cancer risk. Simply garnishing one's diet with vegetables and fruits has the potential to avert at least 20% of all cancer diagnoses and around 200,000 deaths caused by cancer each year. Vegetables, fruits, and other dietary constituents, such as minerals and phytochemicals, are currently being researched for their potential to prevent cancer. It is being done because they are safe, have minimal toxicity, possess antioxidant properties, and are universally accepted as dietary supplements. Ancient civilizations used the fruit of pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) to prevent and cure a number of diseases. The anti-tumorigenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative qualities of pomegranate have been shown in studies with the fruit, juice, extract, and oil of the pomegranate. Pomegranate has the capacity to affect several signaling pathways, which implies that it may have the potential to be employed not only as a chemopreventive agent but also as a chemotherapeutic drug. This article elaborates on some recent preclinical and clinical research which shows that pomegranate seems to have a role in the prevention and treatment of a number of cancers, including but not limited to breast, bladder, skin, prostate, colon, and lung cancer, among others., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)

The drag based Savonius wind turbine (SWT) has shown immense potential for renewable power generation in built-up areas under complex urban wind conditions. While a series of studies have been conducted on improving SWT's efficiency, optimal performance has yet to be achieved using traditional design approaches such as experimental and/or computational fluid dynamics methods. Recently, artificial intelligence and machine learning have been widely used in design optimization. As such, an ANN-based virtual clone can be an alternative to traditional design methods for wind turbine performance determination. Therefore, the main goal of this study is to investigate whether ANN-based virtual clones are capable of determining the performance of SWTs with a shorter timeframe and minimal resources compared to traditional methods. To achieve the objective, an ANN-based virtual clone model is developed. Two sets of data (computational and experimental) are used to validate and determine the efficacy of the proposed ANN-based virtual clone model. Using experimental data, the model's fidelity is over 98%. The proposed model produces results in one-fifth the time of the existing simulation (based on the combined ANN + GA metamodel) method. The model also reveals the location of the dataset's optimized point for augmenting the turbine's performance., (© 2023 The Authors.)

In this work, Co 3 O 4 nanoparticle-decorated MoS 2 (MoS 2 @Co 3 O 4 ) hetero-nanoflowers were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method, and the effect of Co 3 O 4 on the morphological, structural, optical, electronic, and photocatalytic properties of MoS 2 was analyzed. The surface morphology of MoS 2 and MoS 2 @Co 3 O 4 was studied via field emission electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which revealed a strong interaction between the MoS 2 nanoflower and the nanoparticles. The X-ray diffraction pattern showed a decrease in the crystallite sizes from 7.35 nm to 6.26 nm due to the incorporation of Co 3 O 4 . The UV-Vis spectroscopy of the analysis revealed that the indirect band gap of MoS 2 was reduced from 1.89 eV to 1.65 eV with the incorporation of Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to investigate the electronic properties of MoS 2 and MoS 2 @Co 3 O 4 hetero-nanoflowers, which also showed a reduction in the electronic band gap for the Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles that were injected. The presence of defect states was also observed in the electronic property of MoS 2 @Co 3 O 4 . The photocatalytic activity of the prepared composite and nanoflower is studied using an aqueous solution of methylene blue (MB), and the efficiencies are found to be 27.96% for MoS 2 and 78.89% for MoS 2 @Co 3 O 4 . The improved photocatalytic efficiency of MoS 2 @Co 3 O 4 hetero-nanoflower can be attributed to narrowing the band gap together with the creation of defect states by the injection of nanoparticles that slows down electron-hole recombination rate by trapping charge carrier. The degradation analysis of the composite provides a new route for the purification of polluted water., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)

With the advent of Industry 4.0, several cutting-edge technologies such as cyber-physical systems, digital twins, IoT, robots, big data, cloud computation have emerged. However, how these technologies are interconnected or fused for collaborative and increased functionality is what elevates 4.0 to a grand scale. Among these fusions, the digital twin (DT) in robotics is relatively new but has unrivaled possibilities. In order to move forward with DT-integrated robotics research, a complete evaluation of the literature and the creation of a framework are now required. Given the importance of this research, the paper seeks to explore the trends of DT incorporated robotics in both high and low research saturated robotic domains in order to discover the gap, rising and dying trends, potential scopes, challenges, and viable solutions. Finally, considering the findings, the study proposes a framework based on a hypothesis for the future paradigm of DT incorporated robotics., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Author(s).)

Internet addiction (IA) by children and adolescents is a concern for parents. The intensity of this problem has increased in the context of COVID-19 pandemic across the world. Here we aimed to evaluate internet usage patterns, addiction to internet use, and mental health among Bangladeshi school-going adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted this cross-sectional study among 502 school-going adolescents. Pre-structured questionnaire was used to collect information related to demographics and the internet usage pattern. We assessed the prevalence of IA and loneliness using the internet addiction test (IAT) scale and UCLA-3 loneliness scale. The prevalence of IA and loneliness among Bangladeshi school-going adolescents were 88.25% and 72.51%, respectively. Individuals with English-medium education, higher classes, high economic status, mobile internet connection, online gaming habits, and living without family showed significantly higher levels of IA. Moreover, a high proportion of loneliness was observed among individuals with high financial conditions, mobile internet connection, and who watch movies on the internet. The present study findings suggest a strong association between demographics, internet usage patterns, IA, and the mental health of adolescents. These results would have practical inferences in clinical psychology, psychotherapy, and related fields. Based on this finding, the healthcare authorities and professionals can develop an inclusive interventional approach for adolescents who suffer from IA and mental health disorders., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Spinning is the process of combining and twisting a string of fibers to create a yarn. Vortex spun yarn is one of the advanced development for the high quality and production speeds in the spinning sections. This study aims to analyze and compare the properties of vortex spun yarns of different fibers based on the nozzle position. Here, polyester, viscose, modal, and blended of cotton and polyester fibers were used to prepare the vortex spun yarn. The nozzle positions were also changed during the production of vortex spun yarn. The different yarn properties like mass variation, imperfection, hairiness, tensile strength, and elongation were measured to evaluate the performance of yarn qualities. It was observed that the yarn performance of different fibers was also depended on the nozzle position. The results indicated that using the shorter distance between the front roller and the spindle, the vortex spun yarn performances were increased. As a result, analyzing many relevant parameters and nozzle position depending on the vortex spun properties establishes a clear strategy for the industrial manufacture of spinning that is more environmentally friendly., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2022 The Author(s).)

The COVID-19 pandemic has tremendously affected the physical and mental health of people at all levels worldwide. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and contributing factors for mental health problems among female university students in the urban area of Bangladesh. We conducted this online cross-sectional study among 451 female university students. Here we assessed the symptomatic prevalence of common mental health problems among the participants. The prevalence rate of loneliness, anxiety, and depressive symptoms among female university students in Bangladesh was 55.88%, 69.18%, and 45.23%, respectively. Also, we noticed that mild, moderate, and severe symptoms of loneliness, generalized anxiety, and depression were 36.90%, 40.48%, and 22.62%; 48.08%, 22.44%, and 29.48%; and 37.31%, 26.87%, and 35.52%; respectively. According to the present study results, marital status, financial condition, education level, and family structure (nuclear/joint) are potential contributing factors to mental health problems among female university students living in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted the academic performance and emotional well-being of students in Bangladesh. Also, the closure of university classes for a long time in Bangladesh was responsible for the poor mental health of students. Promoting good mental health has become a vital public health concern during this ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Female university students residing in urban areas in Bangladesh are more prone to developing mental health problems during any crisis. Therefore, the healthcare authorities of Bangladesh should promote the good mental health of students during and after the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Keeping in touch with students to support them psychologically and mentally during the pandemic is crucial for promoting their good mental health., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2022 The Author(s).)

The Hijra community is marginalized in social, political, and economic life and especially stigmatized in society. It is their birthright to make use of society's opportunities and amenities. This overview aimed to summarize the stigma, prejudice, exclusions, and discriminatory attitudes toward third-gender populations (Hijra) in Bangladesh from the mainstream society based on a critical assessment of available data and evidence. The paper also explored the socio-economic situation of the third-gender community in Bangladesh regarding income, education, health, housing, social relations, and outcome through a critical literature review. Here, we have highlighted the magnitudes of social exclusion that the Hijra minority group in Bangladesh experiences. The Hijra in Bangladesh faces severe mistreatment due to socio-cultural norms. This minority group suffers from extreme social, cultural, political, and economic exclusion in Bangladesh. Their livelihood is different than other communities in the society. The primary source of income for hijras in Bangladesh is begging and prostitution. They have no access within civil society, even in times of recreational and marital practices. People are unreasonably afraid of their presence in public places. Apart from that, they are physically and psychologically abused and deprived of appropriate medical and civil support. Hijras are deprived of government facilities and are accustomed to miserable lifestyles in Bangladesh. They are the most vulnerable and disadvantaged minority as they lack access to quality services, health care, and employment opportunities. Social recognition and financial independence may be the first step to alleviating discrimination toward the third-gender population. Government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) should be concerned about ensuring the rights of the Hijra community must be protected., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2022 The Author(s).)

In the textile sector, denim is one of the most iconic woven fabrics. The quality of denim fabric is influenced by several factors. For example, changes in the linear density of yarn might alter the projected fabric qualities, allowing it to fit current fashion market demands, which is the ultimate target of a textile product. The present investigation was designed to evaluate the impact of cotton sheath linear densities of core spun yarn (cotton/spandex) on performance properties like stretchability, tensile and tearing strength, weight, dimensional stability, pilling, and abrasion resistance of denim fabrics. Acquired results revealed that with the upsurge in the linear density of cotton sheath, several properties of the fabric, such as elongation and recovery percentage, tensile and tearing strength in the weft direction were improved because of the utilization of the variable linear density of sheath yarn in the same direction. Width-wise shrinkage and fabric weight were also decreased substantially. It was also found that increasing the sheath count enhances the denim fabric's overall resistance to pilling., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2022 The Author(s).)

This study aimed to evaluate six unconventional feed resources of Bangladesh, including water hyacinth ( Eichhornia crassipes ), banana leaves ( Musa paradisiaca ), roadside grass ( Stenotaphrum secundatum ), bamboo leaves ( Bambusa vulgaris Scrad), Seaweed ( Hypnea sp.) and sugarcane bagasse ( Saccharum griffithii ). Evaluations were based on dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ether extract (EE), ash content, DM and OM digestibilities and fractional rate of degradation. Two conventional feeds, i.e., rice bran and german grass, were used as the positive control. Samples (400 mg) were incubated with rumen liquor in an in vitro fermentation chamber at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h for the degradation kinetic studies. The CP contents of 10.13, 10.63, 10.21, and 8.49 % were found in seaweed, banana leaf, water hyacinth, and bamboo leaf, respectively. The NDF values ranged between 16.5 and 75.6% and ADF varied from 9.7 to 58.8% in this study. The highest value of NDF (75.6%) and ADF (58.8%) were found in sugar cane bagasse and the lowest value of NDF (16.5%) and ADF (9.7%) were as observed in seaweed. However, higher DM degradation (33.5-42.8%) was found in seaweed during the incubation periods of 24-96 h. A significant (P < 0.05) increased of OM degradation (44.9%) compared to other feed resources was also observed in seaweed at 96 h of in vitro incubation. Water hyacinth, banana leaves, german grass, and sugarcane bagasse had greater DM digestibility (32.9-36.3%) compared to roadside grass, bamboo leaves, and rice bran (24.8-29.1%). The higher total OM digestibility of seaweed found (>44.9%) can be associated with the presence of large quantities of fraction b (>39.2 %), resulting in moderate amounts of undegradable fraction (U) (57.2 %). This study provides a comparative estimate of ruminal DM and OM degradation characteristics for seaweed and some other unconventional feed resources, which might be helpful for their inclusion in the diet according to the ruminally undegraded to degraded DM and OM intake ratio., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2022 Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

There has been an increase interest in natural plant fibers over the last decades with the intension to identify the ecologically acceptable alternatives to reduce the dependency on synthetic fibers. Naturally extracted okra fiber ( Abelmoschus esculentus) was used in this study. Since okra is a stiff fiber, yarns with 100% Okra fiber was not possible to produce and tried to blend with polyester . The maximal ratio of okra was 20% with polyester to spin yarns in traditional ring spinning system. This study explores, for the first time, the possibility of manufacturing woven fabric with polyester-okra (80/20) yarns at weft direction with 100% cotton yarn at warp direction in order to prominent blend effect at weft direction. The properties of produced fabrics were compared with the same produced widely-used polyester-linen (PL) (80/20) counterpart. The both PO and PL woven fabrics were characterized in terms of fabric weight, thickness, abrasion, pilling, fuzzing, air permeability, tensile strength and tear strength. In addition, the morphological aspects of the fiber alignment in the woven fabric structure were observed using optical microscopic images. The performance of PO woven fabric was in acceptable ranges and can be considered as a sustainable blended woven fabric to meet the actual demand in the textile weaving industries., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2022 The Author(s).)

Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease associated with changes in the skin's structure in which the immune system attacks the body. A recent meta-analysis has reported a high incidence of cancer prognosis including lung cancer (LC), leukemia (LK), and lymphoma (LP) in patients with SSc as comorbidity but its underlying mechanistic details are yet to be revealed. To address this research gap, bioinformatics methodologies were developed to explore the comorbidity interactions between a pair of diseases. Firstly, appropriate gene expression datasets from different repositories on SSc and its comorbidities were collected. Then the interconnection between SSc and its cancer comorbidities was identified by applying the developed pipelines. The pipeline was designed as a generic workflow to demonstrate a premise comorbid condition that integrate regarding gene expression data, tissue/organ meta-data, Gene Ontology (GO), Molecular pathways, and other online resources, and analyze them with Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), Pathway enrichment and Semantic Similarity (SS). The pipeline was implemented in R and can be accessed through our Github repository: https://github.com/hiddenntreasure/comorbidity. Our result suggests that SSc and its cancer comorbidities share differentially expressed genes, functional terms (gene ontology), and pathways. The findings have led to a better understanding of disease pathways and our developed methodologies may be applied to any set of diseases for finding any association between them. This research may be used by physicians, researchers, biologists, and others., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2022 The Author(s).)

Global warming as a result of climate change has become a major concern for people all over the world. It has recently drawn the attention of the entire conscious community, with the fear that if not addressed properly, it will result in the extinction of numerous species around the world. At the same time, it will pose a threat to human health, food security, living environment and standard of living. Thereby, possible solutions are being explored accordingly; regulations have been imposed in places binding green production practices, limiting the emission of CO 2 and emphasis is given on renewable resources along with the search for alternatives to carbon-positive materials. Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) has received a lot of attention because of its multipurpose usability, short production cycle, low capital demand in cultivation, possibility of carbon-negative transformation and easy carbon sequestering material. This paper reviews hemp as a very promising renewable resource including its potential uses in paper, textiles, composites, biofuel, and food industry., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2022 The Author(s).)

The paper aims to study different aspects of liquid fuel production through pyrolysis from agricultural residues, MSW, and e-waste available in Bangladesh. The abundant production of various crops generates massive amounts of residue such as rice straw, wheat straw, rice husk, jute stick, and sugarcane bagasse in Bangladesh have great potential for liquid fuel production for pyrolysis conversion. Bangladesh produces almost 25,000 tons of solid waste per day from urban areas, and Dhaka city alone contributes to one-quarter of all urban waste in the country. The biomass and waste-derived pyrolysis fuel can be successfully used in turbines, boilers, engines and upgraded to high-quality hydrocarbon transportation fuels through distillation. The concise data obtained from the study is anticipated to provide valuable information regarding the effective utilization of municipal solid waste and agricultural residues by using pyrolysis process so that further detailed work on these resources can pave a pathway towards scientific research and significant energy contribution in Bangladesh. The feasibility study has been conducted through physical properties, proximate analysis, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis of the selected agricultural residues, municipal solid wastes, and plastic e-wastes for pyrolysis conversion in Bangladesh. It has been found that polythene has a better thermochemical potential than rice straw (13.71 MJ/kg) owing to its high calorific value (46.41 MJ/kg). The foremost volatile matter obtained from plastic waste is 98.1 wt.%, and the minimum from rice husk is 57.19 wt.%. The maximum carbon amount is possessed by plastic waste (84.03 wt.%). The ultimate analysis showed that the MSW sample contains more sulfur content than agricultural residue and e-waste, whereas the case is the opposite in terms of oxygen. Rice husk and tire waste have the highest ash content, i.e., 19.70 and 4.38 (wt.%), respectively, indicating a significant amount of unwanted material. TGA examination of feedstock revealed that the majority of mass loss occurred between 250-450 °C for agricultural residue attributed to the release of volatile materials during the formation of char and the evolution of pyrolysis gases. For MSW samples, the range varies between 350-500 °C, which is the appropriate temperature for optimizing liquid oil production in plastic pyrolysis., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2021 The Authors.)