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Background Extrahepatic cholestasis that is caused by benign and malignant diseases has been reported to increase liver stiffness (LS), as measured by transient elastography (TE). Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate LS in patients with extrahepatic cholestasis due to choledocholithiasis before and after endoscopic sphincterotomy and stone removal. Patients and Methods LS was measured by TE (Fibroscan) in patients with extrahepatic cholestasis that was caused by choledocholithiasis before and 1 month after endoscopic sphincterotomy and successful stone removal. Results We studied 12 patients (7 females, 5 males), aged 36 to 76 years (mean age 57.1 ± 11.6 years), with extrahepatic cholestasis that was caused by choledocholithiasis. LS was increased in all patients (range: 6.2-18.4 kPa; mean: 8.9 ± 3.5 kPa) before endoscopic therapy. Successful biliary drainage was effected by sphincterotomy and stone removal in all patients, which led to a significant decline in LS to 3.9-8.1 kPa (Mean: 5.6 ± 1.2 kPa; p < 0.001) within a mean observation time of 29 days. The decrease in LS values correlated significantly with a decline in serum total bilirubin levels (r = 0.691; p < 0.0001). Conclusions Extrahepatic cholestasis due to choledocholithiasis increases LS and should be excluded before assesing liver fibrosis by transient elastography.