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This article examines the archaeology and history of Bouthrotos (Butrint) from the 8th to 4th century b.c., in the context of Epeiros and the Greek colonization of Korkyra (Corfu). The Roman Forum Excavations (RFE) Project has recovered stratified material deep below the level of the forum that elucidates the phasing and topography of Archaic and Classical Bouthrotos. The conclusions include a reconstruction of the historic shoreline and formation processes of the Butrint headland and the identification and partial reconstruction of the Temple of Athena Polias on the acropolis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lerna and the Lower Citadel of Tiryns are key sites for understanding the Early Helladic II-III transition in the northeastern Peloponnese. We argue that the differences between the two settlements do not reflect chronological variation, but rather the ways in which each settlement responded to events ca. 2200 B.C. The ceramic and architectural sequences are used to illustrate the divergent strategies practiced by the inhabitants of each site. Lerna III-IV epitomizes the renegotiation of social values during a period when centralized decision-making and coordination of economic activities was disintegrating. Activities in the coeval Lower Citadel of Tiryns, on the other hand, reflect the maintenance of continuity in a domestic setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technical observations on the sculptures from the Temple of Zeus at Olympia allow a reconstruction of their appearance at installation and of the major changes made afterward. At installation, many sculptures were unfinished; the west pediment had more centaur groups than are preserved today; and the horse blocks on the east pediment were separated, one in front of the other. By the time of Pausanias's visit in A.D. 174, the sculptures had suffered major damage at least twice (in the mid-4th century and the early 2nd century B.C.); his identification of Kaineus in the west pediment may refer to a headless Apollo propped up on his knees, flanked by centaurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the chronological order of the Athenian pottery and its implication to the ancient society in Greece. Excavators assigned dates to the ruined foundations of ancient buildings based on the artifacts found in association with the architectural remains. Careful analysis of superimposed layers of stratigraphy reveals the fact that different kinds of pottery and forms of ceramic decoration were used earlier. Eugene Vanderpool, a professor of Archaeology, has proposed that Rectangular Rock-cut Shaft, a pottery, discovered from the deep well id dated decade between 490 and 480 B.C. which is close to the time of the Persian destruction of Athens. His conclusions has been accepted because the artifact leads to the study on the chronology of pottery.

The article features the Knidian phallic vases and its relation to the wider class of Knidian relief vessels of the late first and second centuries after Christ in Corinth, Greece. These vessels are long and narrow which suggests a viscous or solid contents. The decorative repertoire includes Priapus, vine wreaths, floral garlands, and phallic birds. It is hypothesized that these vessels are made for decoration purposes and it is associated with a luxurious way of life that might arouse envy. The decoration was meant to afford protection against envy and danger. There are propositions that Italy has influenced some of these designs but the original will always symbolize the ancient history of Greece.

The article focuses on the origin of the organization of ancient Greek society in Greece. It is predicted that its origin is the tribal system which generally start in tribes, phratries, and gene. It is also based in kinship that contributes to its dependence on birth and a better understanding on this system lead to the modernization of the organization. However, their are contrasts between the Classical and Archaic constitution regarding the tribal phratry. It is proven that phratry is a unit of polis which resemble kinship groups and it is not the origin of the kinship group. It is concluded that the phrathries of Attica were in origin local groups which drew their membership from the districts surrounding their phratry centers.

The article focuses on the description of the kinds of animal remains recovered during the excavation conducted from 1987 to 1988 in Vronda and Kastro in the Siteia Mountains of East Crete, Greece. Several animal bones were recovered including those of the goat, sheep, cow, donkey, dog and several wild species native to Crete. The University of Tennessee, Department of Anthropology will facilitate a preliminary assessment of the remains. It is evident that the faunal assemblages from both sites hold considerable potential for better understanding of the Dark Age subsistence in Crete. The preliminary assessment indicates a heavy reliance on livestock that plays an important but subsidiary roles in the subsistence economies.

The article focuses on epigraphical fragments found in the Athenian Agora in Greece during a study of hands in Attic inscriptions of 229 to 86 B.C. They include the Agora I 560 and I 6127, which may be recognized from their lettering, moldings, marble, and texts as belonging to the same ephebic inscription. IG II fragment, on the other hand, has benefited from a number of additions and improvements in recent years. Despite this, one fragment which does not belong has continued to be included in the stele.

The article focuses on the Athenian Archon of the 3rd century B.C., Hoplon. Hoplon was identified by Eugene Vanderpool in 1971 as an Areopagite member of the Asklepieion commission in 215/4 B.C. and assigned his archonship to 217/6 B.C. The article shows, however, that Hoplon's archonship on the said period was improbable. On the basis of the inscriptions studied, the author argues that assigning Hoplon's archonship to 223/2 allows a more realistic reconstruction of his activities in the Boule of the Areiopagos than does Vanderpool's chronology.