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The paper presents the results of an experimental study on the oxidation of nitrogen in air in stationary and pulse microwave discharges at atmospheric pressure. The thermodynamic and physical characteristics of the process have been calculated, and its energy efficiency in these discharges has been analyzed on their basis. The possibility of obtaining NO with a low NO2 content for medical applications is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A self-consistent model has been formulated that describes microwave discharge in an argon/ethanol gas mixture. On the basis of this model, two-dimensional numerical calculations have been carried out to study the process of carbon synthesis in nonequilibrium microwave discharge plasma in an argon/ethanol gas mixture at atmospheric pressure for various values of input power. The formation of pure carbon and CH, CH2, and CH3 radicals is shown, and their distributions depending on the power input into the microwave discharge have been investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in liquid hydrocarbons (hexane, cyclohexane, n-heptane, isooctane, decane, pentadecane, cetane, petroleum solvent, benzene, toluene, and o-xylene) have been studied after exciting a microwave discharge in their bulk. The experiments have been carried out at atmospheric pressure. For the analysis, GC/MS, IR spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering methods have been used. It has been shown that new compounds and nanoparticles are formed in the hydrocarbons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microwave discharges in liquids represent a new direction in plasma physics and chemistry. Results of experiments on the recovery of metals from a liquid residue after vacuum distillation of the hydroconversion product of vacuum tower bottoms by treating the residue with microwave discharge initiated in its bulk at atmospheric pressure are presented. It has been found for the first time that the concentrations of Al, Co, Cu, Fe, Mo, Ni, V, and Zn metals in a treelike structure deposited on a microwave antenna are 10-20 times their concentrations in the substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]