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The application of polyaniline (PANI) in various fields is greatly limited by its poor solubility in water.Many methods which could elevate PANI water-soluble ability were used by researchers to expand its application range. In this paper, the research progress of the commonly used preparation methods of water-soluble PANI in recent years is reviewed. The main preparation methods of water-soluble PANI are categorized into four types including monomer modification, controlling the polymerization process, introducing water-soluble groups or substances, macromolecular reaction. They are composed of aniline derivative method, copolymerization, emulsion polymerization method, dispersion polymerization method, acid doping method, compound method, ATRP method. The principles of various methods to achieve water-solubility of PANI are introduced, the research on each preparation method reported before are introduced and their advantages and disadvantages are summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyaniline is a kind of polymer material with excellent electrochemical performance, and it stands out among a number of conductive polymer materials owing to its low cost, easy availability of raw materials, and excellent physical and chemical properties. However, the poor processability of polyaniline impedes its broad application. Preparing nanosized structure and introducing big molecular organic acids as dopant are practical strategies to solve this problem. Here using ammonium persulfate as oxidant, sodium dodecyl sulfate as surfactant, and 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid as doping acid, polyaniline nanotubes were successfully prepared via emulsion polymerization method and characterized by various measurements. The influence of aniline concentration on the morphology and property of the product was explored. The polymerization mechanism of polyaniline nanotubes was discussed in detail based on the analysis of the microscopic morphology. As the concentration of aniline monomer increases, the position of the characteristic absorption peak in the infrared spectrum of the polyaniline main chain remains almost unchanged, but the ratio of benzene to quinone gradually increases. Along with the increasing aniline concentration, the crystallinity of polyaniline gradually decreases from 56.21% to 40.37%. In addition, the optimal conductivity is 2.05×10−2 S/cm when the concentration of aniline monomer is 0.5 mol/L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]