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Relevance The formation and development of the political elite play a decisive role in determining the direction of social transformations and implementing strategic changes. Therefore, researching the political elites of the regions of Ukraine allows us to understand how these elites influenced national movements. A comprehensive study of the regional political elite, its influence on local and national processes, fills existing gaps in historiography and contributes to a more complete illumination of the events of the early 20th century in Ukraine. Researching the biographies and activities of individual representatives of the political elite, such as P. Blonsky and the participants of the 1906 conference, allows for the creation of a more complex portrait of this group, revealing their social and ethnic characteristics, educational level, and ideological-political orientations. This contributes to a deeper understanding of not only the political history of Ukraine but also the cultural and social processes that shaped Ukrainian national consciousness. Objective The objective of the research is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the Ukrainian political elite of Podillia Governorate as of 1906. The research aims to uncover aspects such as the ideological-political orientations and activities of the representatives of Podillia’s political elite. It seeks to identify the socialethnic composition, educational level, and professional characteristics of the members of the regional political elite. Additionally, it aims to analyze the biographies of several figures who influenced political processes in the region and to reveal the social portrait of Ukrainian political activists in revolutionary movements and their participation in election campaigns to the State Dumas of the Russian Empire. The research will also provide an assessment of the influence of the regional elite on the national and local context of political development. Methods The methodology of the study of the political elite of Podillia Governorate in 1906 is based on a comprehensive approach that includes the following methods: historical, biographical, sociological methods, content analysis, etc. Conclusions The evolution of the political elite was closely connected with the general political context of the Russian Empire, where a transition from autocracy to more liberal forms of governance was observed. The analysis showed that the political elite had a diverse social composition. The biographical method revealed that the political elite of Podillia Governorate consisted of various social groups, including nobility, intelligentsia, merchants, and clergy. Key representatives of the elite sought to attain a high level of education and were active participants in political life, holding significant administrative and public positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the concept of political elite as a privileged stratum of modern Ukrainian society, a kind of structural core of the nation, which is constantly updated; the essence of civic competence is highlighted and the main factors influencing the process of its formation in the elite strata of society are specified; the content of the concept of political responsibility as a means of control over the power activities of the political elite in modern Ukrainian society is revealed. The author proves that the level of civic competence and political responsibility of the Ukrainian elite in modern society depends on its personal qualities and its ability to comprehend the events and circumstances of current society, the ability to live prospects, think strategically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern conditions of global development processes of modernization of political systems require technology, that is, the development of a peculiar technological model of management. This is due to the high level of complexity and dynamism of the modernization process. Its deployment takes place on the basis of the interaction of the subject and the object of the activity, the available result and taking into account various factors of influence. The technological model consists of successive stages, the implementation of which is carried out with the help of appropriate technologies of political activity. One of these stages is the practical implementation of the chosen modernization project. In this context, the following technologies will be appropriate: 1) political management aimed at ensuring effective planning of the practical implementation of the chosen scenario; 2) political and social marketing that optimize the interaction between government and the public on the basis of pluralism, competition and freedom of choice; 3) state-political decision-making aimed at implementing the modernization project and organizing the activity of governmental structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the author analyzes the functioning of the political elite in Ukraine in 2019-2020. It examines the change of the elite in a transformational society and the main factors influencing the crisis of the political elite in modern Ukrainian politics. The author reveals the essence of the concept of “political elite”, its functions, role and types; she determines the conditions for the formation of the political elite and the main reasons for its change. In addition, the article describes the stages of change of the political elite in independence Ukraine. The author describes the activities of the new political elite formed after the parliamentary elections in 2019. The article presents forecasts for the further development of the modern political elite in Ukrainian society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study is to characterize the political processes and to determine the peculiarities of the functioning of the political system of modern Ukraine in the context of the theories of post-totalitarian democratic transformations adopted in political science. The methodology of the research is based on the principles of systematic, dialectics, reliability, logic. Methods of system analysis, dialectic, comparative, synthesis, structural and functional, generalization are used. Main Conclusions: The political processes of modern Ukraine in general correspond to the peculiarities of post-communist transformations. Political transformation in Ukraine takes place in a non-linear form with some contradictions, which makes it impossible to define its political regime as democratic in the classical interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parties as an integral part of the political process in all countries all over the world for a long period of time undergo conceptualization, categorization and praxis substantiation. If the classic of French political thought, M. Duverger, defined the essence of the party through its organizational structure, then the Italian researcher G. Sartori had already emphasized its functional essence - the ability to apply for public positions through the institution of elections. The functional of political parties itself that is the litmus of the historical period - those tasks and goals carried out by the parties testify to the development of society, the maturity of democracy, the potential of state education, etc. It is no coincidence that the American political scientist R. Dahl wrote that the presence or absence of political parties competing among themselves for power is a kind of indicator of democracy in the country. The research is intended to analyze the functional component of political parties in the context of typologies and classifications, regional and global contexts, the level of society and social relations development, etc. In general, the functions of political parties are defined as one of the main criteria for their essential differences. The function of the political party is one of the directions and goals of its activities. Among the main functions of the parties in the general sense, the representation of interests, the formulation of political strategy, program, slogans, the function of the ideology carrier, participation (in its broad and narrow sense) are distinguished. The functions of the struggle for power and its implementation, the renewal of the political elite, and the political socialization of citizens remain important. Prospective study identified functional changes within the party political reforms such as decentralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, an attempt has been made to address the peculiarities of the historical development of the Republic of Costa Rica, taking into account certain subcultural and geopolitical factors, regional circumstances and the specifics of the domestic political processes, to find out some systemic factors related to the nature of influence, factors and factors of achievement by the country of high–quality, developed democracy, high standards of living for the majority of the population, to establish the peculiarities of formatting the symbolic universum for the unification of a political nation, asserting the image of the country as a peacemaking country, and the design of its stable image as a «territory of happiness», followed by the principles of «pure life» (pura vida). The paper uses a systematic scientific approach, with an emphasis on the effect of the principle of historicism and the meaning of political phenomenology in the studies of the symbolization of the political process. On the basis of the material, conclusions were drawn: the decisive factors played a significant role in qualitative and contemporary social indicators: 1. Activities of patriotic local elites consolidated with regard to the idea of a national project, development of a concept of development and purposeful work in search of prospective niches in the global and the regional economic system, and the amount of measures aimed at forming a political nation with the allocation of priority directions of its transformation into a single integrity and based on the symbolic «frame integrity», indicating distinctive for their combination of values, signs, «brands» with the starting point – the desire to create a «happy country» and subsequent systematic work to relay these symbolically organized collective identities and compatible representations. 2. Well–defined «geopolitical cell» – a strategic partnership with the USA, but also a policy of open regionalism with a nuance, «subtones» of a willingness to multilateralism as an important component of the pragmatism of development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the research is to characterize the concept of political regimes, developed by Vyacheslav Lypynsky and its comparative analysis with the classification of political regimes accepted in modern political science. The methodology of the research is based on the principles of systemic, dialectic, authenticity, concrete historical approach, logic. The methods of system analysis, dialectic, comparative, synthesis, structural-functional, generalization are used. Main conclusions: V. Lypynsky developed a thorough classification of political regimes, which in general coincides with the three-member typology accepted in modern political science. The attitude of the scientist to the forms of political regimes was a reflection of his political views on the feasibility of using a certain type of government in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the conditions of global development, the processes of modernization of political systems contribute to the implementation of structural and content transformations in order to adapt to the challenges of the environment. It actualized the need of research of the subject of modernization activity, which in the process of institutionalization acquires the necessary resources and procedures for its effective implementation.The processes of institutionalization of the political elite are conditioned by: the strengthening of the professionalization of the political field of activity; the social need for the formation and regulation of the rules of interaction; the need to legitimize the status and procedures of the activity; the presence of structural and functional potential, needed to influence the functioning of the political system. The evaluation of the level of institutionalization of the elite in the processes of modernization of the political system is based on the criteria of adaptability, complexity, autonomy, cohesion, congruency, exclusivity. The high level of institutionalization of the Spain’s political elite in the processes of modernization allowed to ensure the appropriate level of democracy of socio–political development, consolidating the leading position in world politics. This was facilitated by: 1) the existence of transparent rules of incorporation and intra–elite interaction, their compliance with the Constitution; 2) the use of structural and functional potential and resources for raising standards of public life; 3) the development of the ideas and symbols aimed at consolidating society in order to achieve the strategic goal; 4) initiation of the strategic project of modernization; 5) the sequence of the procedure for the practical implementation and optimization of the project with the help of political technologies. The experience of institutionalization of the political elite of Spain is quiet relevant for Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experience of institutionalization of the elite in the processes of modernization of the political system of Turkey (1919-1930) was analyzed. The results of the study indicate a rather high level of institutionalization of the elite. This was manifested in: 1) the ability to respond to the challenges of the internal and external environment, offering new values and standards of the activity; 2) the use of the leadership potential of the power hierarchy for mobilization of the common people to meet the goals and objectives of modernization, forecasting the consequences and making the necessary amendments; 3) consolidation of efforts of branches of power, coordination of activities with internal and external interest groups; 4) the gradual formation of a secular legislative framework and the adoption of the Constitution, which established the stability of the course for modernization and the rules of political behavior; 5) the initiation of a modernization project aimed at combining the achievements of European civilization and national and cultural traditions of development, which provided for the gradual actions and the use of appropriate technologies of political activity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the main approaches to the interpretation of the concept of «elite». It is revealed that the formation of the Ukrainian political elite today is one of the most pressing problems, as ideological transformations of society in Ukraine should generate a layer that would combine national ideas, spirituality, intelligence, patriotism and could serve as an example for future generations. It is revealed that the elite has always been an active participant of social processes, therefore its formation, formation and activity is an actual object of research of many scholars from different directions. Having analyzed the term «elite», it was discovered that two conceptual approaches to the definition of a given concept can be distinguished: value (those that can manage) and functional (those who have been chosen). The study concluded that in the early twentieth century. The Ukrainian People’s Republic was defeated precisely because the national elite - political, economic, military, and spiritual - was too weak and unable to master the society socially. In the future, in Ukraine for several decades of the Bolshevik totalitarian regime, when the system of government turned into an irrational, essentially impersonal, denational megamachine, the total extermination of Ukrainian, nationally conscious leaders: politicians, military, administrators, creative intellectuals, doctors, and teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One considered the manifestations of institutional dysfunction of the political elite in Ukraine. Its prerequisites and consequences, particularly in the functioning of the system of checks and balances were determined, the impact on the emergence of the crisis, the formation of values etc. It was found that at the present stage elite formation dysfunction of political elite in Ukraine embodied in the problem of implementing communication functions destructive impact on the system of checks and balances, non-moral criteria of political activity, strengthening the political crises. Specific recommendations that will overcome or minimize dysfunctional tendencies are proposed. It is about the respect for constitutionalism criteria, creating a sort of regulator that will not usurp power, respect for democratic traditions and high moral values, implementing the communication function with the mandatory pro-vision of feedback and further advance of European integration, in particular through the implementation of European values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hileya: Scientific Bulletin / Gileya is the property of GILEYA Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main purpose of this study is an analysis of the role ofpolitical elite as the subject of modernization of political system in the S. Huntington's concept. S. Huntington made a significant contribution to the procedural approach for studying the role of elites in the process of political modernization, emphasizing the need to study the elite as a political institution. This institute because of its structural and functional and resource potential is able to initiate and implement in practice the modernization projects. The success of political and modernization activity allows to create a high level of social consensus and to ensure the stability of the political system. The scientist identified the specific models of the behavior of the elite in the processes of modernization and analyzed forms of itspractical activities. Comparative analysis of forms made it possible to determine the basic methods of activities of revolutionary and reformist's elite. It is characterized by the appropriate level of institutionalism, manifested in recognizing the need for changes, high level of professionalism in the goal-setting, choice of technology modernization, transforming activity, predicting its possible consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hileya: Scientific Bulletin / Gileya is the property of GILEYA Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hileya: Scientific Bulletin / Gileya is the property of GILEYA Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article analyzes the historical conditions and socio-political aspects of the creation of one of the first works in Japanese public opinion, which was a state project on the way of forming institutional foundations in the management, designing of the political elite and the creation of a bureaucratic apparatus. The role of political text as an instrument of civilized transfer of power within the established ruling elite at the initial stage of the formation of the institutes of the feudal state in Japan is elucidated. The basic elements of the process of political modernization in Japan in the aspect of analysis of creative, redefined and modified borrowing from China are explored. The structure of Kojiki in the aspect of various functions of its components in the contemporary socio-political discourse is analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hileya: Scientific Bulletin / Gileya is the property of GILEYA Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hileya: Scientific Bulletin / Gileya is the property of GILEYA Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hileya: Scientific Bulletin / Gileya is the property of GILEYA Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)