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The article analyzes the views of Russian researchers on the political concepts of Bohdan Khmelnytsky at the initial stage of the National Liberation War (spring – autumn of 1648), which represent two historiographical directions – traditionalists and modernizers. It is proved that the first wing seeks to preserve the old great–power basis, the role of which fulfills the concepts of «all–Russian culture», «reunification of Ukraine with Russia», «united state», as well as denial of independence of the Ukrainian historical process. Instead, the modernization wing, the main representative of which is the St. Petersburg researcher T. Tairov–Yakovlev, is focused on revision of a great–state model of the early modern Ukrainian history. The modernizing image of the latter offers a volumetric vision of the Hetmanate’s history, which fully fits into the latest trends in the scientific development of the relevant issue, echoing in the basic approaches with Ukrainian and Polish historiographies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the Polish national question in the programs of political parties in the First Czechoslovak Republic (1918-1938). During the work on the article, the historical-comparative method, the historical-typological method, the historical-system method were used. The purpose of the article is to highlight the peculiarities of the national programs of Polish political parties, to determine their influence on the development of the national question in the interwar Czechoslovakia. The article analyzes the political sentiments of the Polish political elite and people who were part of the First Czechoslovak Republic. The Polish national question was complicated by the unregulated Polish-Czechoslovak border. Therefore, by 1925, Polish political parties were opposed to cooperation with the Czechoslovak government. Following the signing in 1925 of a liquidation agreement, the main provisions of which were devoted to ensuring the full equality of the Polish minority in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic and Czech in Poland, the Polish political parties began cooperation with the government of the republic. Since then, all Polish political parties have begun an activist political course, which was respected until 1933. The activist course of Polish parties went down in recession with the onset of the economic crisis. Finally, after the cooperation with the Czechoslovak government, the Polish parties refuse to sign on January 26, 1934. non-aggression treaty between Germany and Poland. From then on, Poland has an anti-Czechoslovak position in international politics, in which the Teshin question played one of the leading roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the Polish national question in the programs of political parties in the First Czechoslovak Republic (1918-1938). During the work on the article, the historical-comparative method, the historical-typological method, the historical-system method were used. The purpose of the article is to highlight the peculiarities of the national programs of Polish political parties, to determine their influence on the development of the national question in the interwar Czechoslovakia. The article analyzes the political sentiments of the Polish political elite and people who were part of the First Czechoslovak Republic. The Polish national question was complicated by the unregulated Polish-Czechoslovak border. Therefore, by 1925, Polish political parties were opposed to cooperation with the Czechoslovak government. Following the signing in 1925 of a liquidation agreement, the main provisions of which were devoted to ensuring the full equality of the Polish minority in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic and Czech in Poland, the Polish political parties began cooperation with the government of the republic. Since then, all Polish political parties have begun an activist political course, which was respected until 1933. The activist course of Polish parties went down in recession with the onset of the economic crisis. Finally, after the cooperation with the Czechoslovak government, the Polish parties refuse to sign on January 26, 1934. non-aggression treaty between Germany and Poland. From then on, Poland has an anti-Czechoslovak position in international politics, in which the Teshin question played one of the leading roles [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]