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This paper is about how the office of the Bishop was managed and the Diocese of Montevideo created (1878) during the administration of coronel Lorenzo Latorre, considering how the government, the Church in Uruguay, and the Holy See in Rome contributed to its success. It analyzes the difficulties of installing the Ecclesiastical Council and the Conciliar Seminary, as disposed by the Papal Bull at the beginning of the 19th century. The paper shows how the sustained right of Patronage of the State conditioned the institutional development of the Montevideo Diocese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the various actions taken by the authorities of the state of Zacatecas (Mexico) during the First Federal Republic (1824-1835), in order to find solutions to problems related to the exercise of patronage and related topics. It shows that these proposals were useful to defend and drive federalism, and to advance a project to create a secular and liberal State and society. The paper concludes that the attempt to apply this was ambiguous, as it became part of the "pitfalls" that prevented the first federalism from consolidating by contributing to the division of local and national political groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the distribution of specialized subjects devoted to health care in the Argentine territory according to the First National Census (1869). We present statistical estimations and visual resources that contribute to illustrate the logic of the absolute and relative presence of graduates and empirical practitioners. By articulating census data with input from specialized bibliography, the paper provide evidence for certain variables associated with the presence of the State, the differential socio-economic development of the regions, and the rural-urban splits in the long first half of the nineteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O presente artigo examina as causas pelas quais a assembleia anfictiónica, convocada por Simón Bolívar para unir as novas repúblicas americanas, nào pode ter sessào no México após sua transferência do Panamá em 1826. Definem-se as posiçôes dos ministros plenipotenciários apelando a fontes primárias e a documentos da época, incluida urna minuta inédita da reuniào dos ministros dos Estados Unidos e da Grâ-Colômbia. Este último docu-mento, cuja importância é contextualizada neste artigo, permite conhecer a controvérsia que dividiu os hispano-americanos em torno da possibilidade de instalar a assembleia sem esperar a ratificaçào dos tratados do Istmo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]