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This article discusses how different groups valued the natural resources in the region of the San Jorge River over the course of the twentieth century. Some people saw them as pantry of natural resources for the taking while other warned of their over-exploitation. In the case of fishing, resource conflicts date back to at least the eighteenth century. The role of the state in this work is seen as a historic, characterized by its desire to foment economic development without taking the past into account and, even less, without trying to establish what might happen in the future. This has led to the current crisis of alarming proportions in the region's fisheries as well as a decline in the living conditions of local residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]